Royston Island: Difference between revisions

Royston Island
	Royston Island
Geography
Location	Spencer Gulf
Coordinates	35°11′43″S 136°50′19″E / 35.19537°S 136.83873°E
Highest elevation	38 m (125 ft)
Administration
	Australia

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Royston Island (also known as North Island) is an island in the Australian state of South Australia at the northern end of Pondalowie Bay on the south-west extremity of Yorke Peninsula about 13 kilometres (8.1 miles) north-west of the town of Stenhouse Bay. The island has enjoyed protected area status since 1967 and since 1972, it has been part of the Innes National Park.

Description

Royston Island is an island located on the Yorke Peninsula about 13 kilometres (8.1 miles) north-west of the town of Stenhouse Bay at the northern end of Pondalowie Bay within about 300 metres (980 feet) of Royston Head.^[2] The island is fringed with detritus consisting of eroded calcarenite and granite boulders which a talus slope rises to a “relatively flat, plateau-like summit” at a height of 38 metres (125 feet) above sea level. The island is connected to Royston Head by a “shallow, partially drying reef.”^[1] Access to the island is reported as being “probably most accessible by small boat via the north-eastern coast.”^[1]

Formation, geology and oceanography

Royston Island was formed about 7000 years ago following the rise of sea levels at the start of the Holocene.^[3] Royston Island consists of a calcarenite upper layer over a “pronounced ridge of Lincoln Complex granite.”^[1] Royston Island is fringed partly on its north-west and south-east ends by fringing reefs while the waters surrounding its extent drop to a depth of 20 metres (66 feet) within a distance of 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) on its westside.^[2]

Flora and fauna

Flora

A survey carried out during 1982 on Royston Island recorded a total of nineteen plant species. The island's summit is dominated by a “low, windswept shrubland” consisting of marsh saltbush and coast daisy-bush accompanied by less abundant species such as southern sea-heath, round-leaved pigface and pointed twinleaf. The talus slopes support shrubs of nitre-bush, native juniper, cockies tongue, African boxthorn, yellow-flowering sticky goodenia, Austral stork's bill, coastal lignum and ruby saltbush, while calcrete ledges associated with the island's upper levels are “festooned with climbing bower spinach.”^[1]^[4]

Fauna

Vertebrate animals are represented by birds and reptiles. As of 1982, little penguins were observed as being the common bird on the island followed by silver gulls. Both bird species used the island as a breeding colony. As of 2011, the status of the little penguin colony was not known. Also in 1982, the island is reported as supporting a “large population of marbled geckos.”^[1]^[5]^[6]

History

European discovery and use

Royston Island is reported as being named after Lord Royston, eldest son of Lord Hardwicke by Matthew Flinders in 1802.^[1] The island is also known as “North Island”.^[7]

Protected areas status

Royston Island first received protected area status along with Middle Island in Pondalowie Bay as a fauna conservation reserve declared under the Crown Lands Act 1929-1966 on 16 March 1967.^[8] Since 1972, it has been part of the Innes National Park. Since 2012, the waters adjoining the shoreline of Royston Island have been within a habitat protection zone in the South Spencer Gulf Marine Park.^[9]^[10] Since at least 2014, Royston Island and the other two islands in Pondalowie Bay (from north to south), Middle Island and South South Island, are closed to access by visitors to the national park.^[7] Penguin breeding sites were noted there in a 1996 survey of South Australia's offshore islands.^[11]

Citations and references

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Robinson et al, 1996, page 283
^ ^a ^b DMH, 1985, charts 22 & 23
^ Robinson et al, 1996, Page 15
^ Robinson et al, 1996, pages 445-455 & 499
^ Robinson et al, 1996, pages 454, 455 & 457
^ Wiebkin, 2011, pages 11 & 65
^ ^a ^b DEWNR, 2014
^ "CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1966: FAUNA CONSERVATION RESERVES DEDICATED" (PDF). THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE. Government of South Australia. 16 March 1967. pp. 961–962. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
^ DEH, 2003, page 58
^ DEWNR, 2012, page 24
^ Robinson, Tony; Canty, Peter; Mooney, Trish; Rudduck, Penny (1996). South Australia's Offshore Islands (PDF). South Australia: Resource Management Branch, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia. ISBN 0-644-35011-3.

References

South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (DMH) (1985), The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs, Department of Marine and Harbors, South Australia, ISBN 978-0-7243-7603-2
"Innes National Park Management Plan" (PDF). Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH). June 2003. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
"MARINE PARK 12, Southern Spencer Gulf" (PDF). Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
"Innes National Park Map" (PDF). Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR). 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
A.C., Robinson; Canty, P.; Mooney, T.; Rudduck, P. (1996). South Australia's offshore islands (PDF). Canberra: Australian Heritage Commission. ISBN 0-644350-11-3.
Wiebkin, Annelise (2011), Conservation management priorities for little penguin populations in Gulf St Vincent. Report to Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board SARDI Publication No. F2011/000188-1. SARDI Research Report Series No.588 (PDF), South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences)

[Robinson283-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Robinson et al, 1996, page 283

[DMH-2] DMH, 1985, charts 22 & 23

[3] Robinson et al, 1996, Page 15

[4] Robinson et al, 1996, pages 445-455 & 499

[5] Robinson et al, 1996, pages 454, 455 & 457

[6] Wiebkin, 2011, pages 11 & 65

[DEWNRmap-7] DEWNR, 2014

[FCR-1967-8] "CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1966: FAUNA CONSERVATION RESERVES DEDICATED" (PDF). THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE. Government of South Australia. 16 March 1967. pp. 961–962. Retrieved 5 February 2018.

[9] DEH, 2003, page 58

[10] DEWNR, 2012, page 24

[:0-11] Robinson, Tony; Canty, Peter; Mooney, Trish; Rudduck, Penny (1996). South Australia's Offshore Islands (PDF). South Australia: Resource Management Branch, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia. ISBN 0-644-35011-3.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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[11]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Island in South Australia}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
 {{Use Australian English|date= August 2015}}
@@ Line 14: / Line 15: @@
 | population =
 }}
-'''Royston Island''' (also known as '''North Island''') is an [[island]] in the [[Australia|Australian state]] of [[South Australia]] at the northern end of [[Pondalowie Bay]] on the south-west extremity of [[Eyre Peninsula]] about {{convert|13|km|abbr=off}} north-west of the town of [[Stenhouse Bay, South Australia| Stenhouse Bay]].  The island has enjoyed [[protected area]] status since 1967 and since 1972, it has been part of the [[Innes National Park]].
+'''Royston Island''' (also known as '''North Island''') is an [[island]] in the [[Australia|Australian state]] of [[South Australia]] at the northern end of [[Pondalowie Bay]] on the south-west extremity of [[Yorke Peninsula]] about {{convert|13|km|abbr=off}} north-west of the town of [[Stenhouse Bay, South Australia|Stenhouse Bay]].  The island has enjoyed [[protected area]] status since 1967 and since 1972, it has been part of the [[Innes National Park]].
 ==Description==
 Royston Island is an island located on the [[Yorke Peninsula]] about {{convert|13|km|abbr=off}} north-west of the town of Stenhouse Bay at the northern end of Pondalowie Bay within about {{convert|300|m|abbr=off}} of [[Royston Head]].<ref name=DMH>DMH, 1985, charts 22 & 23</ref>  The island is fringed with [[Detritus (geology)|detritus]] consisting of eroded [[calcarenite]]  and [[granite]] boulders which a [[talus slope]] rises to a “relatively flat, plateau-like summit” at a height of {{convert|38|m|abbr=off}} above sea level.  The island is connected to Royston Head by a “shallow, partially drying reef.”<ref name=Robinson283/>  Access to the island is reported as being “probably most accessible by small boat via the north-eastern coast.”<ref name=Robinson283/>
 ==Formation, geology and oceanography==
 Royston Island was formed about 7000 years ago following the rise of sea levels at the start of the [[Holocene]].<ref>Robinson et al, 1996, Page 15</ref>  Royston Island consists of a calcarenite upper layer over a “pronounced ridge of Lincoln Complex granite.”<ref name=Robinson283/>  Royston Island is fringed partly on its north-west and south-east ends by fringing reefs while the waters surrounding its extent drop to a depth of {{convert|20|m|abbr=off}} within a distance of {{convert|1|km|abbr=off}} on its westside.<ref name=DMH/>
 ==Flora and fauna==
 ===Flora===
-A survey carried out during 1982 on Royston Island recorded a total of nineteen plant species.  The island’s summit is dominated by a “low, windswept shrubland” consisting of [[Atriplex paludosa|marsh saltbush]] and [[Olearia axillaris|coast daisy-bush]] accompanied by less abundant species such as [[Frankenia pauciflora|southern sea-heath]], [[Disphyma|round-leaved pigface]] and [[Zygophyllum |pointed twinleaf]].  The talus slopes support shribs of [[Nitraria billardierei|nitre-bush]], [[Myoporum insulare|native juniper]], [[Templetonia |cockies tongue]], [[African boxthorn]], [[Goodenia|yellow-flowering sticky goodenia]], [[Erodium cygnorum| Austral stork's bill]], [[Muehlenbeckia|coastal lignum]] and [[ruby saltbush]], while [[calcrete]] ledges associated with the island’s upper levels are “festooned with climbing [[bower spinach]].”<ref name=Robinson283/><ref>Robinson et al, 1996, pages 445-455 & 499</ref>
+A survey carried out during 1982 on Royston Island recorded a total of nineteen plant species.  The island's summit is dominated by a “low, windswept shrubland” consisting of [[Atriplex paludosa|marsh saltbush]] and [[Olearia axillaris|coast daisy-bush]] accompanied by less abundant species such as [[Frankenia pauciflora|southern sea-heath]], [[Disphyma|round-leaved pigface]] and [[Zygophyllum|pointed twinleaf]].  The talus slopes support shrubs of [[Nitraria billardierei|nitre-bush]], [[Myoporum insulare|native juniper]], [[Templetonia|cockies tongue]], [[African boxthorn]], [[Goodenia|yellow-flowering sticky goodenia]], [[Erodium cygnorum|Austral stork's bill]], [[Muehlenbeckia|coastal lignum]] and [[ruby saltbush]], while [[calcrete]] ledges associated with the island's upper levels are “festooned with climbing [[bower spinach]].”<ref name=Robinson283/><ref>Robinson et al, 1996, pages 445-455 & 499</ref>
 ===Fauna===
-Vertebrate animals are represented by birds and reptiles.  As of 1982, [[little penguin]]s were observed as being the common bird on the island followed by [[silver gull]]s.  Both bird species used the island as a breeding colony.  As of 2011, the status of the little penguin colony was not known.  Also in 1982, the island is reported as supporting a “large population of [[marbled gecko]]s.”<ref name=Robinson283/><ref>Robinson et al, 1996, pages 454, 455 & 457</ref><ref> Wiebkin, 2011, pages 11 & 65</ref>
+Vertebrate animals are represented by birds and reptiles.  As of 1982, [[little penguin]]s were observed as being the common bird on the island followed by [[silver gull]]s.  Both bird species used the island as a breeding colony.  As of 2011, the status of the little penguin colony was not known.  Also in 1982, the island is reported as supporting a “large population of [[marbled gecko]]s.”<ref name=Robinson283/><ref>Robinson et al, 1996, pages 454, 455 & 457</ref><ref>Wiebkin, 2011, pages 11 & 65</ref>
 ==History==
 <!-- sub-section re Aboriginal use to be added when some reliable sources are found -->
 ===European discovery and use===
 Royston Island is reported as being named after Lord Royston, eldest son of Lord Hardwicke by [[Matthew Flinders]] in 1802.<ref name=Robinson283/>  The island is also known as “North Island”.<ref name=DEWNRmap/>
 ==Protected areas status==
 {{further|Innes National Park}}
-Royston Island first received protected area status along with [[Middle Island (South Australia)|Middle Island]] in Pondalowie Bay as a fauna conservation reserve declared under the ''Crown Lands Act 1929-1966'' on 16 March 1967.<ref name=FCR-1967>{{cite web|title=CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1966: FAUNA CONSERVATION RESERVES DEDICATED.|url=http://www8.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1967/11.pdf |website=THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE |publisher=Government of South Australia|accessdate=5 February 2018|pages=961-962|date=16 March 1967}}</ref>  Since 1972, it has been part of the Innes National Park.  Since 2012, the waters adjoining the shoreline of Royston Island have been within a habitat protection zone in the South Spencer Gulf Marine Park.<ref>DEH, 2003, page 58</ref><ref>DEWNR, 2012, page 24</ref>  Since at least 2014, Royston Island and the other two islands in Pondalowie Bay (from north to south), Middle Island and South [[South Island (South Australia)|South Island]], are closed to access by visitors to the national park.<ref name=DEWNRmap>DEWNR, 2014</ref>
+Royston Island first received protected area status along with [[Middle Island (South Australia)|Middle Island]] in Pondalowie Bay as a fauna conservation reserve declared under the ''Crown Lands Act 1929-1966'' on 16 March 1967.<ref name=FCR-1967>{{cite web|title=CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1966: FAUNA CONSERVATION RESERVES DEDICATED.|url=http://www8.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1967/11.pdf |website=THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE |publisher=Government of South Australia|access-date=5 February 2018|pages=961–962|date=16 March 1967}}</ref>  Since 1972, it has been part of the Innes National Park.  Since 2012, the waters adjoining the shoreline of Royston Island have been within a habitat protection zone in the South Spencer Gulf Marine Park.<ref>DEH, 2003, page 58</ref><ref>DEWNR, 2012, page 24</ref>  Since at least 2014, Royston Island and the other two islands in Pondalowie Bay (from north to south), Middle Island and South [[South Island (South Australia)|South Island]], are closed to access by visitors to the national park.<ref name=DEWNRmap>DEWNR, 2014</ref> Penguin breeding sites were noted there in a 1996 survey of South Australia's offshore islands.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=Tony|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf|title=South Australia's Offshore Islands|last2=Canty|first2=Peter|last3=Mooney|first3=Trish|last4=Rudduck|first4=Penny|publisher=Resource Management Branch, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia|year=1996|isbn=0-644-35011-3|location=South Australia}}</ref>
 ==See also==
 *[[List of islands of Australia]]
 *[[List of little penguin colonies]]
 ==Citations and references==
 ===Citations===
 {{reflist|30em}}
 ===References===
 *{{Citation | author1=South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (DMH)| title=The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs | publication-date=1985 | publisher=Department of Marine and Harbors, South Australia |isbn=978-0-7243-7603-2}}
-*{{cite web|title=Innes National Park Management Plan|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/4f44bdbf-3770-49ce-bcac-9e4f00b1a358/PARKS_PDFS_INNES_MP.pdf|publisher=Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH)|accessdate=2 July 2014|date=June 2003}}
+*{{cite web|title=Innes National Park Management Plan|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/4f44bdbf-3770-49ce-bcac-9e4f00b1a358/PARKS_PDFS_INNES_MP.pdf|publisher=Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH)|access-date=2 July 2014|date=June 2003}}
-*{{cite web|title= MARINE PARK 12, Southern Spencer Gulf|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/13dba20f-19ca-41f8-b690-a11701272653/mp-gen-map-12-southernspencer.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=30 October 2014}}
+*{{cite web|title= MARINE PARK 12, Southern Spencer Gulf|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/13dba20f-19ca-41f8-b690-a11701272653/mp-gen-map-12-southernspencer.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|access-date=30 October 2014}}
-*{{cite web|title= Innes National Park Map|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/4691713b-df68-431d-89ac-a3d200c1b5b2/innes-national-park-map-gen.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR)|accessdate=1 November 2014|date=2014}}
+*{{cite web|title= Innes National Park Map|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/4691713b-df68-431d-89ac-a3d200c1b5b2/innes-national-park-map-gen.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR)|access-date=1 November 2014|date=2014}}
-*{{cite book  | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson  | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty  | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney  |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck  | title = South Australia's offshore islands  | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | pages = | date = 1996	| isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
+*{{cite book  | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson  | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty  | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney  |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck  | title = South Australia's offshore islands  | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | date = 1996	| isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
-*{{Citation | author1=Wiebkin, Annelise| title=Conservation management priorities for little penguin populations in Gulf St Vincent. Report to Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board SARDI Publication No. F2011/000188-1. SARDI Research Report Series No.588| url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/66860d1b-7136-48ab-b71f-a27a00e37187/penguin-2011-rep.pdf|publication-date=2011 | publisher=South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences)| edition= | isbn=}}
+*{{Citation | author1=Wiebkin, Annelise| title=Conservation management priorities for little penguin populations in Gulf St Vincent. Report to Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board SARDI Publication No. F2011/000188-1. SARDI Research Report Series No.588| url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/66860d1b-7136-48ab-b71f-a27a00e37187/penguin-2011-rep.pdf|publication-date=2011 | publisher=South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences)}}
 {{Islands of South Australia |state=collapsed}}
 {{Yorke Peninsula |state=collapsed}}
@@ Line 53: / Line 61: @@
 [[Category:Islands of South Australia]]
 [[Category:Uninhabited islands of Australia]]
- [[Category:Spencer Gulf]]
+[[Category:Spencer Gulf]]
 [[Category:Yorke Peninsula]]
+[[Category:Penguin colonies]]