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{{short description|Moth genus in family Batrachedridae}}
{{italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = Batrachedra
| image = Batrachedra praeangusta - Flickr - Bennyboymothman.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Batrachedra praeangusta]]''
| image =
| taxon = Batrachedra
| image_width = 250px
| authority = [[Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer|Herrich-Schäffer]], 1853<ref>[http://mississippientomologicalmuseum.org.msstate.edu/Researchtaxapages/Lepidoptera/Batrachedridae/Checklists/Neotropical-Batrachedridae.html Revised Checklist of Batrachedridae in Neotropical Region]</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| familia = [[Batrachedridae]]
| genus = '''''Batrachedra'''''
| genus_authority = [[Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer|Herrich-Schäffer]], 1853<ref>[http://mississippientomologicalmuseum.org.msstate.edu/Researchtaxapages/Lepidoptera/Batrachedridae/Checklists/Neotropical-Batrachedridae.html Revised Checklist of Batrachedridae in Neotropical Region]</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| subdivision = See text
Line 16: Line 10:
*''Eustaintonia'' <small>Spuler, 1910</small>
*''Eustaintonia'' <small>Spuler, 1910</small>
}}
}}

'''''Batrachedra''''' is the largest genus in the moth family [[Batrachedridae]].
'''''Batrachedra''''' is the largest genus in the moth [[family (biology)|family]] [[Batrachedridae]], with representatives all over the world. The early stages of most species are unknown.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Emmet |editor1-first=A Maitland |editor2-last=Langmaid |editor2-first=John R |editor3-last=Bland |editor3-first=K P |editor4-last=Fletcher |editor4-first=D S |editor5-last=Harley |editor5-first=B H |editor6-last=Robinson |editor6-first=G S |editor7-last=Skinner |editor7-first=Bernard |editor8-last=Tremewan |editor8-first=W G |editor1-link=A. Maitland Emmet |editor7-link=Bernard Skinner (entomologist) |title=The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 4, Part 1 |date=2002 |pages=202 |publisher=Harley Books |location=Colchester |isbn=0-946589-66-6|title-link=The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland }}</ref> The genus name is derived from the Greek words ''batrachos'', 'frog', and ''edra'', 'seat', referring to the frog-like resting posture of the adult moths.<ref name=Hoare2014>{{Cite book |title=A photographic guide to moths & butterflies of New Zealand |last=Hoare |first=Robert J. B. |publisher=New Holland Publishers|others=Ball, Olivier|year=2014 |isbn=9781869663995 |location=Auckland |pages=37 |oclc=891672034}}</ref><ref name=Zimmerman1978>{{cite book |last=Zimmerman |first=Elwood C. |author-link=Elwood Zimmerman |date=1978 |title=Insects of Hawaii |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/7338/3/IOH-V09%20Microlepidoptera%203of4.pdf |volume='''9''' Microlepidoptera |location=Honolulu |publisher=The University Press of Hawaii |pages=1003–1015}}</ref> As of 2018 at least some 114 species are known to belong to the genus.<ref name=Savela2018>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |title=''Batrachedra'' |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/gelechioidea/batrachedridae/batrachedra/ |website=Lepidoptera and some other life forms |date=30 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>

==Distribution==
There are only three species found in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/b1bf03a7-8e47-42e2-a917-1f1c610af8bb |title=''Batrachedra'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Fauna Europaea |publisher= Fauna Europaea Secretariat, Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz & Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref> There is an especially high amount of [[biodiversity]] in the [[Indomalayan realm]].{{Fact|date=December 2019}}

==Ecology==
Of most species little is known about the ecology, but of those of which it is known, the caterpillars across the genus use a large variety of [[Larval food plants of Lepidoptera|host plants]]. At least two [[Leaf miner|mine]] within pine or spruce needles, one is found respectively on [[Cyperaceae]], [[Juncaceae]], ''[[Salix]]'' and ''[[Populus]]'', one is a [[pest (organism)|pest]] of [[pineapple]]s, another a pest of ''[[Agave]]'', one feeds on the fruit of ''[[Smilax china]]'' and another on types of palms from Brazil.<ref name=Savela2018/><ref name=Hodges1966>{{cite journal |last=Hodges |first=Ronald W. |author-link=Ronald W. Hodges |date=December 1966 |title=Review of New World Species of ''Batrachedra'', with Description of Three New Genera (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) |journal=Transactions of the American Entomological Society |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=585–651 |jstor=25077925 }}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
The genus contains the following species:<ref>[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=batrachedridae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS Natural History Museum Lepidoptera Generic Names Catalog]</ref>
The genus contains the following species:
{{div col|colwidth=350px}}
*''[[Batrachedra acrodeta]]''
*''[[Batrachedra agaura]]''
*''[[Batrachedra acrodeta]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1927</small> (from Samoa)
*''[[Batrachedra albanica]]''
*''[[Batrachedra agaura]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1901</small> (from New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra albicapitella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra albicapitella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1986</small> (from the Koreas, Japan, south of far eastern Siberia)
*''[[Batrachedra amydraula]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1916</small> (from India, UAE)
*''[[Batrachedra angusta]]'' <small>Turati, 1930</small> (from northernmost Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra aphypnota]]'' <small>(Meyrick, 1917)</small> (from Sri Lanka)
*''[[Batrachedra arenosella]]'' <small>(Walker, 1864)</small> (widespread, New Zealand, Australia, etc.)
*''[[Batrachedra astathma]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra astricta]]'' <small>Philpott, 1930</small> (from New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra atomosella]]'' <small>Walsingham, 1900</small> (from Socotra)
*''[[Batrachedra atriloqua]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1931</small> (from Fiji)
*''[[Batrachedra auricomella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small> (from Primorsky Krai)
*''[[Batrachedra busiris]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Florida in the USA)
*''[[Batrachedra calator]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Mexico)
*''[[Batrachedra capnospila]]'' <small>Lower, 1899</small> (from New South Wales in Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra chasanella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small> (from Primorsky Krai)
*''[[Batrachedra comosae]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Puerto Rico)
*''[[Batrachedra concitata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (from Texas, New Mexico)
*''[[Batrachedra conspersa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1916</small> (from Ecuador)
*''[[Batrachedra copia]]'' <small>Clarke, 1957</small> (from Mexico)
*''[[Batrachedra daduchus]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Jamaica)
*''[[Batrachedra decoctor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Florida and Bermuda)
*''[[Batrachedra diplosema]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Queensland in Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra ditrota]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra dolichoscia]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra elucus]]'' <small> Hodges, 1966</small> (Arizona)
*''[[Batrachedra enormis]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra epimyxa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1916</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra epixantha]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra epombra]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1914</small> (from Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra eremochtha]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra eucola]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1889</small> (New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra eurema]]'' <small>Bradley, 1956</small> (from Guadalcanal, Lord Howe Island)
*''[[Batrachedra eustola]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1889</small> (Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra filicicola]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra folia]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Arizona)
*''[[Batrachedra garritor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Arizona)
*''[[Batrachedra granosa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1911</small> (from Namibia, South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra hageter]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (California)
*''[[Batrachedra helarcha]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra heliota]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1913</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra holochlora]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra hypachroa]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra hypoleuca]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra hypoxutha]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra illusor]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra isochtha]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1914</small> (from Congo, Uganda, South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra knabi]]'' <small> (Walsingham, 1909)</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra leucophyta]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra libator]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra linaria]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra liopsis]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra litterata]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra lygropis]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra macroloncha]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra mathesoni]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra meator]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra megalodoxa]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra metaxias]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra microbias]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1914</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra microdryas]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra microtoma]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra mictopsamma]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra monophthalma]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra mylephata]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra myrmecophila]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra notocapna]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra nuciferae]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra ochricomella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small> (Russia)
*''[[Batrachedra oemias]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1909</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra orinarcha]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra pacabilis]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1922</small>
*''[[Batrachedra pachybela]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1934</small> (from Sudan)
*''[[Batrachedra paritor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra parvulipunctella]]'' <small>Chrétien, 1915</small> (from Europe)
*''[[Batrachedra pastor]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1936</small> (Taiwan)
*''[[Batrachedra peroptusa]]'' <small> Meyrick, 1922 </small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra phaneropa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1914</small> (from Malawi)
*''[[Batrachedra phorcydia]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra pinicolella]]'' <small>(Zeller, 1839)</small> (from Europe, Palearctic)
*''[[Batrachedra plagiocentra]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra praeangusta]]'' <small>(Haworth, 1828)</small> (from Europe, Palearctic)
*''[[Batrachedra promylaea]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra psithyra]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1922</small> (New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra rainha]]'' <small>Bippus, 2020</small>
*''[[Batrachedra repertor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra rhysodes]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra rixator]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra sacrata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1921</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra salicipomenella]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra salina]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1921</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra satirica]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra saurota]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1911</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra scapulata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (Sri Lanka)
*''[[Batrachedra scitator]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra siliginea]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra smilacis]]'' <small>Sugisima, 2006</small>
*''[[Batrachedra stenosema]]'' <small>Lower, 1904</small>
*''[[Batrachedra sterilis]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra striolata]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra subglauca]]'' <small>Sinev, 1979</small> (Russia)
*''[[Batrachedra substrata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1916</small> (Sri Lanka)
*''[[Batrachedra tarsimaculata]]'' <small>Walsingham, 1897</small> (West Indies)
*''[[Batrachedra testor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Florida)
*''[[Batrachedra theca]]'' <small>Clarke, 1957</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra trimeris]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra tristicta]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1901</small> (New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra velox]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra verax]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (Sri Lanka)
*''[[Batrachedra volucris]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra xanthocrena]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra zenochroa]]'' <small>Lower, 1904</small> (from Australia)
{{div col end}}

==Selected former species==
{{div col|colwidth=350px}}
*''[[Batrachedra albanica]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra albistrigella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra albistrigella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra amydraula]]''
**Recorded larval food plants: ''[[Derris|Derris trifoliata]]'', ''[[Phoenix dactylifera]]''
*''[[Batrachedra angusta]]''
*''[[Batrachedra aphypnota]]''
*''[[Batrachedra arenosella]]''
**Recorded larval food plants: ''[[Cocos nucifera]]'', ''[[Juncus]]'', ''[[Livistona|Livistona subglobosa]]'', ''[[Macadamia]]'', ''[[Phoenix (plant)|Phoenix]]'', ''[[Schefflera|Schefflera stellata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra astathma]]''
*''[[Batrachedra astricta]]''
*''[[Batrachedra atomosella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra atriloqua]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Cocos nucifera]]''
*''[[Batrachedra auricomella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small>
*''[[Batrachedra bedelliella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra bedelliella]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Asplenium nidus]]''
*''[[Batrachedra bermudensis]]''
*''[[Batrachedra bermudensis]]''
*''[[Batrachedra busiris]]''
*''[[Batrachedra calator]]''
*''[[Batrachedra capnospila]]''
*''[[Batrachedra chasanella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small>
*''[[Batrachedra clemensella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra clemensella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra comosae]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Ananas comosus]]''
*''[[Batrachedra concitata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra concors]]''
*''[[Batrachedra concors]]''
*''[[Batrachedra conspersa]]''
*''[[Batrachedra copia]]''
*''[[Batrachedra crypsineura]]''
*''[[Batrachedra crypsineura]]''
*''[[Batrachedra cuniculata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra cuniculata]]''
**Recorded larval food plants: ''[[Cyperus]]'', ''[[Scirpus]]''
*''[[Batrachedra curvilineella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra curvilineella]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Crataegus]]''
*''[[Batrachedra daduchus]]''
*''[[Batrachedra decoctor]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Serenoa repens]]''
*''[[Batrachedra diplosema]]''
*''[[Batrachedra ditrota]]''
*''[[Batrachedra dolichoscia]]''
*''[[Batrachedra elucus]]''
*''[[Batrachedra enormis]]''
*''[[Batrachedra ephelus]]''
*''[[Batrachedra ephelus]]''
*''[[Batrachedra epimyxa]]''
*''[[Batrachedra epixantha]]''
*''[[Batrachedra epombra]]''
*''[[Batrachedra eremochtha]]''
*''[[Batrachedra eucola]]''
*''[[Batrachedra eurema]]''
*''[[Batrachedra eustola]]''
*''[[Batrachedra filicicola]]''
**Larval food plants: various [[fern]]s
*''[[Batrachedra folia]]''
*''[[Batrachedra garritor]]''
*''[[Batrachedra granosa]]''
*''[[Batrachedra hageter]]''
*''[[Batrachedra halans]]''
*''[[Batrachedra halans]]''
*''[[Batrachedra helarcha]]''
*''[[Batrachedra heliota]]''
*''[[Batrachedra holochlora]]''
*''[[Batrachedra hologramma]]''
*''[[Batrachedra hologramma]]''
*''[[Batrachedra hypachroa]]''
*''[[Batrachedra hypoleuca]]''
*''[[Batrachedra hypoxutha]]''
*''[[Batrachedra illusor]]''
*''[[Batrachedra isochtha]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Phoenix (plant)|Phoenix]]''
*''[[Batrachedra kabulella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra kabulella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra ledereriella]]'' <small>(Zeller, 1850)</small> (from southern Europe, Canary Islands, Morocco)
*''[[Batrachedra knabi]]''
*''[[Batrachedra leucophyta]]''
*''[[Batrachedra libator]]''
*''[[Batrachedra linaria]]''
*''[[Batrachedra liopsis]]''
*''[[Batrachedra litterata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra lomentella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra lomentella]]''
**Larval food plants: various [[fern]]s
*''[[Batrachedra lygropis]]''
*''[[Batrachedra macroloncha]]''
*''[[Batrachedra mathesoni]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Cocos nucifera]]''
*''[[Batrachedra meator]]''
*''[[Batrachedra megalodoxa]]''
*''[[Batrachedra metaxias]]''
*''[[Batrachedra microbias]]''
*''[[Batrachedra microdryas]]''
*''[[Batrachedra microstigma]]''
*''[[Batrachedra microstigma]]''
*''[[Batrachedra microtoma]]''
*''[[Ifeda peroptusa|Batrachedra peroptusa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1922</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra mictopsamma]]''
*''[[Batrachedra monophthalma]]''
*''[[Batrachedra mylephata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra myrmecophila]]''
*''[[Batrachedra notocapna]]''
*''[[Batrachedra nuciferae]]''
**Recorded larval food plants: ''[[Attalea (plant)|Attalea]]'', ''[[Cocos nucifera]]'', ''[[Syagrus|Syagrus coronae]]''
*''[[Batrachedra ochricomella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra oemias]]''
*''[[Batrachedra orinarcha]]''
*''[[Batrachedra pacabilis]]''
*''[[Batrachedra pachybela]]''
*''[[Batrachedra paritor]]''
*''[[Batrachedra parvulipunctella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra pastor]]''
*''[[Batrachedra peltias]]''
*''[[Batrachedra phaneropa]]''
*''[[Batrachedra phorcydia]]''
*''[[Batrachedra phragmitidella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra phragmitidella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra pinicolella]]''
**Recorded larval food plants: ''[[Picea]]'', ''[[Pinus sylvestris]]''
*''[[Batrachedra plagiocentra]]''
*''[[Batrachedra praeangusta]]''
**Recorded larval food plants: ''[[Poplar|Populus]]'', ''[[Salix]]''
*''[[Batrachedra praeangustella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra praeangustella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra promylaea]]''
*''[[Batrachedra psilopa]]''
*''[[Batrachedra psilopa]]''
*''[[Batrachedra psithyra]]''
**Larval food plants: various [[fern]]s
*''[[Batrachedra pulvella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra pulvella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra repertor]]''
*''[[Batrachedra rhysodes]]''
*''[[Batrachedra rixator]]''
*''[[Batrachedra ruficiliata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra ruficiliata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra sacrata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra silvatica]]''
*''[[Batrachedra salicipomenella]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Salix]]''
*''[[Batrachedra salina]]''
*''[[Batrachedra satirica]]''
*''[[Batrachedra saurota]]''
*''[[Batrachedra scapulata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra scitator]]''
*''[[Batrachedra siliginea]]''
*''[[Batrachedra smilacis]]'' <small>Sugisima, 2006</small>
*''[[Batrachedra sophroniella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra sophroniella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra stegodyphobius]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Dryopteris|Dryopteris cyatheoides]]''
*''[[Batrachedra stenosema]]''
*''[[Batrachedra sterilis]]''
*''[[Batrachedra striolata]]''
**Recorded larval food plants: ''[[Agave|Agave shawii]]'', ''[[Salix|Salix lasiolepis]]''
*''[[Batrachedra subglauca]]''
*''[[Batrachedra substrata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra supercincta]]''
*''[[Batrachedra supercincta]]''
*''[[Batrachedra tarsimaculata]]''
*''[[Batrachedra testor]]''
*''[[Batrachedra theca]]''
*''[[Batrachedra trimeris]]''
*''[[Batrachedra tristicta]]''
*''[[Batrachedra turdipennella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra turdipennella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra unifasciella]]''
*''[[Batrachedra unifasciella]]''
{{div col end}}
*''[[Batrachedra velox]]''
*''[[Batrachedra verax]]''
*''[[Batrachedra volucris]]''
*''[[Batrachedra xanthocrena]]''
*''[[Batrachedra zenochroa]]''
<ref>[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL=&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILY=batrachedridae&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILY=&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&TRIBE=&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBTRIBE=&GENUSqtype=starts+with&GENUS=&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&AUTHOR=&YEARqtype=equals&YEAR=&sort=GENUS Natural History Museum Lepidoptera Generic Names Catalog]</ref>

==Selected former species==
*''[[Batrachedra ledereriella]]'' <small>(Mann, 1850)</small>
*''[[Batrachedra silvatica]]''
**Larval food plant: ''[[Pinus roxburghii]]'', also partly [[carnivorous]] (recorded feeding on [[mealybug]]s)
*''[[Batrachedra stegodyphobius]]''


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{commons}}
==External links==
{{wikispecies}}
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.afromoths.net/genus/show/275010 De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. 2016. Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). World Wide Web electronic publication (www.afromoths.net) (acc.23-Aug-2016) ]
*[http://mississippientomologicalmuseum.org.msstate.edu/Researchtaxapages/Lepidoptera/Batrachedridae/Checklists/Neotropical-Batrachedridae.html Lee & Brown, 2009. Revised Checklist of Batrachedridae in Neotropical Region. - http://mississippientomologicalmuseum.org.msstate.edu/ ]
*[http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/batr/batrachedridae.html Butterflyhouse.com.au ]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q146795}}


[[Category:Batrachedridae]]
[[Category:Batrachedridae]]

Latest revision as of 01:09, 1 March 2023

Batrachedra
Batrachedra praeangusta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Batrachedridae
Genus: Batrachedra
Herrich-Schäffer, 1853[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • Eustaintonia Spuler, 1910

Batrachedra is the largest genus in the moth family Batrachedridae, with representatives all over the world. The early stages of most species are unknown.[2] The genus name is derived from the Greek words batrachos, 'frog', and edra, 'seat', referring to the frog-like resting posture of the adult moths.[3][4] As of 2018 at least some 114 species are known to belong to the genus.[5]

Distribution

[edit]

There are only three species found in Europe.[6] There is an especially high amount of biodiversity in the Indomalayan realm.[citation needed]

Ecology

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Of most species little is known about the ecology, but of those of which it is known, the caterpillars across the genus use a large variety of host plants. At least two mine within pine or spruce needles, one is found respectively on Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Salix and Populus, one is a pest of pineapples, another a pest of Agave, one feeds on the fruit of Smilax china and another on types of palms from Brazil.[5][7]

Species

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The genus contains the following species:[8]

Selected former species

[edit]

References

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  1. ^ Revised Checklist of Batrachedridae in Neotropical Region
  2. ^ Emmet, A Maitland; Langmaid, John R; Bland, K P; Fletcher, D S; Harley, B H; Robinson, G S; Skinner, Bernard; Tremewan, W G, eds. (2002). The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 4, Part 1. Colchester: Harley Books. p. 202. ISBN 0-946589-66-6.
  3. ^ Hoare, Robert J. B. (2014). A photographic guide to moths & butterflies of New Zealand. Ball, Olivier. Auckland: New Holland Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 9781869663995. OCLC 891672034.
  4. ^ Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1978). Insects of Hawaii (PDF). Vol. 9 Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. pp. 1003–1015.
  5. ^ a b Savela, Markku (30 December 2018). "Batrachedra". Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  6. ^ "Batrachedra Herrich-Schäffer, 1853". Fauna Europaea. Fauna Europaea Secretariat, Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz & Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  7. ^ Hodges, Ronald W. (December 1966). "Review of New World Species of Batrachedra, with Description of Three New Genera (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 92 (4): 585–651. JSTOR 25077925.
  8. ^ Natural History Museum Lepidoptera Generic Names Catalog
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