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{{short description|Moth genus in family Batrachedridae}}
{{short description|Moth genus in family Batrachedridae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = (0878) Batrachedra praeangusta - Flickr - Bennyboymothman.jpg
| image = Batrachedra praeangusta - Flickr - Bennyboymothman.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Batrachedra praeangusta]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Batrachedra praeangusta]]''
| taxon = Batrachedra
| taxon = Batrachedra
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}}
}}


'''''Batrachedra''''' is the largest genus in the moth family [[Batrachedridae]], with representatives all over the world. The early stages of most species are unknown.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Emmet |editor1-first=A Maitland |editor2-last=Langmaid |editor2-first=John R |editor3-last=Bland |editor3-first=K P |editor4-last=Fletcher |editor4-first=D S |editor5-last=Harley |editor5-first=B H |editor6-last=Robinson |editor6-first=G S |editor7-last=Skinner |editor7-first=Bernard |editor8-last=Tremewan |editor8-first=W G |editor1-link=A. Maitland Emmet |editor7-link=Bernard Skinner (entomologist) |title=[[The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland]]. Volume 4, Part 1 |date=2002 |pages=202 |publisher=Harley Books |location=Colchester |isbn=0 946589 66 6}}</ref> The genus name is derived from the Greek words ''batrachos'', 'frog', and ''edra'', 'seat', referring to the frog-like resting posture of the adult moths.<ref name=Hoare2014>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/891672034 |title=A photographic guide to moths & butterflies of New Zealand |last=Hoare |first=Robert J. B. |publisher=New Holland Publishers|others=Ball, Olivier|year=2014 |isbn=9781869663995 |location=Auckland |pages=37 |oclc=891672034}}</ref><ref name=Zimmerman1978>{{cite book |last=Zimmerman |first=Elwood C. |authorlink=Elwood Zimmerman |date=1978 |title=Insects of Hawaii |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/7338/3/IOH-V09%20Microlepidoptera%203of4.pdf |volume='''9''' Microlepidoptera |location=Honolulu |publisher=The University Press of Hawaii |pages=1003-1015}}</ref> As of 2018 at least some 115 species are known to belong to the genus.<ref name=Savela2018>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |title=''Batrachedra'' |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/gelechioidea/batrachedridae/batrachedra/ |website=Lepidoptera and some other life forms |date=30 December 2018 |accessdate=20 December 2019}}</ref>
'''''Batrachedra''''' is the largest genus in the moth [[family (biology)|family]] [[Batrachedridae]], with representatives all over the world. The early stages of most species are unknown.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Emmet |editor1-first=A Maitland |editor2-last=Langmaid |editor2-first=John R |editor3-last=Bland |editor3-first=K P |editor4-last=Fletcher |editor4-first=D S |editor5-last=Harley |editor5-first=B H |editor6-last=Robinson |editor6-first=G S |editor7-last=Skinner |editor7-first=Bernard |editor8-last=Tremewan |editor8-first=W G |editor1-link=A. Maitland Emmet |editor7-link=Bernard Skinner (entomologist) |title=The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 4, Part 1 |date=2002 |pages=202 |publisher=Harley Books |location=Colchester |isbn=0-946589-66-6|title-link=The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland }}</ref> The genus name is derived from the Greek words ''batrachos'', 'frog', and ''edra'', 'seat', referring to the frog-like resting posture of the adult moths.<ref name=Hoare2014>{{Cite book |title=A photographic guide to moths & butterflies of New Zealand |last=Hoare |first=Robert J. B. |publisher=New Holland Publishers|others=Ball, Olivier|year=2014 |isbn=9781869663995 |location=Auckland |pages=37 |oclc=891672034}}</ref><ref name=Zimmerman1978>{{cite book |last=Zimmerman |first=Elwood C. |author-link=Elwood Zimmerman |date=1978 |title=Insects of Hawaii |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/7338/3/IOH-V09%20Microlepidoptera%203of4.pdf |volume='''9''' Microlepidoptera |location=Honolulu |publisher=The University Press of Hawaii |pages=1003–1015}}</ref> As of 2018 at least some 114 species are known to belong to the genus.<ref name=Savela2018>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |title=''Batrachedra'' |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/gelechioidea/batrachedridae/batrachedra/ |website=Lepidoptera and some other life forms |date=30 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
There are only three species found in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/b1bf03a7-8e47-42e2-a917-1f1c610af8bb |title=''Batrachedra'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Fauna Europaea |publisher= Fauna Europaea Secretariat, Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz & Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref> There is a high amount of [[biodiversity]] especially in the [[Indomalayan realm]].{{Fact}}
There are only three species found in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/b1bf03a7-8e47-42e2-a917-1f1c610af8bb |title=''Batrachedra'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Fauna Europaea |publisher= Fauna Europaea Secretariat, Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz & Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref> There is an especially high amount of [[biodiversity]] in the [[Indomalayan realm]].{{Fact|date=December 2019}}


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
Of most species little is known about the ecology, but of those of which it is known, the caterpillars across the genus use a large variety of [[Larval food plants of Lepidoptera|host plants]]. At least two [[Leaf miner|mine]] within pine or spruce needles, one is found respectively on [[Cyperaceae]], [[Juncaceae]], ''[[Salix]]'' and ''[[Populus]]'', one is a [[pest (organism)|pest]] of [[pineapple]]s, another a pest of ''[[Agave]]'', one feeds on the fruit of ''[[Smilax china]]'' and another on types of palms from Brazil.<ref name=Savela2018/><ref name=Hodges1966>{{cite journal |last=Hodges |first=Ronald W. |authorlink=Ronald W. Hodges |date=December 1966 |title=Review of New World Species of ''Batrachedra'', with Description of Three New Genera (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25077925 |journal=Transactions of the American Entomological Society |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=585-651 |doi= |access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref>
Of most species little is known about the ecology, but of those of which it is known, the caterpillars across the genus use a large variety of [[Larval food plants of Lepidoptera|host plants]]. At least two [[Leaf miner|mine]] within pine or spruce needles, one is found respectively on [[Cyperaceae]], [[Juncaceae]], ''[[Salix]]'' and ''[[Populus]]'', one is a [[pest (organism)|pest]] of [[pineapple]]s, another a pest of ''[[Agave]]'', one feeds on the fruit of ''[[Smilax china]]'' and another on types of palms from Brazil.<ref name=Savela2018/><ref name=Hodges1966>{{cite journal |last=Hodges |first=Ronald W. |author-link=Ronald W. Hodges |date=December 1966 |title=Review of New World Species of ''Batrachedra'', with Description of Three New Genera (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) |journal=Transactions of the American Entomological Society |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=585–651 |jstor=25077925 }}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
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*''[[Batrachedra arenosella]]'' <small>(Walker, 1864)</small> (widespread, New Zealand, Australia, etc.)
*''[[Batrachedra arenosella]]'' <small>(Walker, 1864)</small> (widespread, New Zealand, Australia, etc.)
*''[[Batrachedra astathma]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra astathma]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra astricta]]'' <small>Philpott, 1930</small>
*''[[Batrachedra astricta]]'' <small>Philpott, 1930</small> (from New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra atomosella]]'' <small>Walsingham, 1900</small> (from Socotra)
*''[[Batrachedra atomosella]]'' <small>Walsingham, 1900</small> (from Socotra)
*''[[Batrachedra atriloqua]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1931</small> (from Fiji)
*''[[Batrachedra atriloqua]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1931</small> (from Fiji)
*''[[Batrachedra auricomella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small> (from Primorsky Krai)
*''[[Batrachedra auricomella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small> (from Primorsky Krai)
*''[[Batrachedra busiris]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra busiris]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Florida in the USA)
*''[[Batrachedra calator]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra calator]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Mexico)
*''[[Batrachedra capnospila]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra capnospila]]'' <small>Lower, 1899</small> (from New South Wales in Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra chasanella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small>
*''[[Batrachedra chasanella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small> (from Primorsky Krai)
*''[[Batrachedra comosae]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra comosae]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Puerto Rico)
*''[[Batrachedra concitata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra concitata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (from Texas, New Mexico)
*''[[Batrachedra conspersa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1916</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra conspersa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1916</small> (from Ecuador)
*''[[Batrachedra copia]]'' <small>Clarke, 1957</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra copia]]'' <small>Clarke, 1957</small> (from Mexico)
*''[[Batrachedra daduchus]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra daduchus]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Jamaica)
*''[[Batrachedra decoctor]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra decoctor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (from Florida and Bermuda)
*''[[Batrachedra diplosema]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra diplosema]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Queensland in Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra ditrota]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra ditrota]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra dolichoscia]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra dolichoscia]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra elucus]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra elucus]]'' <small> Hodges, 1966</small> (Arizona)
*''[[Batrachedra enormis]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra enormis]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1928</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra epimyxa]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra epimyxa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1916</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra epixantha]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra epixantha]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra epombra]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1914</small> (from Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra epombra]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1914</small> (from Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra eremochtha]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra eremochtha]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra eucola]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra eucola]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1889</small> (New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra eurema]]'' <small>Bradley, 1956</small> (from Guadalcanal, Lord Howe Island)
*''[[Batrachedra eurema]]'' <small>Bradley, 1956</small> (from Guadalcanal, Lord Howe Island)
*''[[Batrachedra eustola]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra eustola]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1889</small> (Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra filicicola]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra filicicola]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra folia]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra folia]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Arizona)
*''[[Batrachedra garritor]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra garritor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Arizona)
*''[[Batrachedra granosa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1911</small> (from Namibia, South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra granosa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1911</small> (from Namibia, South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra hageter]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra hageter]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (California)
*''[[Batrachedra helarcha]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra helarcha]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra heliota]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1913</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra heliota]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1913</small> (from South Africa)
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*''[[Batrachedra notocapna]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra notocapna]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra nuciferae]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra nuciferae]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra ochricomella]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra ochricomella]]'' <small>Sinev, 1993</small> (Russia)
*''[[Batrachedra oemias]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1909</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra oemias]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1909</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra orinarcha]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra orinarcha]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra pacabilis]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra pacabilis]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1922</small>
*''[[Batrachedra pachybela]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1934</small> (from Sudan)
*''[[Batrachedra pachybela]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1934</small> (from Sudan)
*''[[Batrachedra paritor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra paritor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra parvulipunctella]]'' <small></small> (from Europe)
*''[[Batrachedra parvulipunctella]]'' <small>Chrétien, 1915</small> (from Europe)
*''[[Batrachedra pastor]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra pastor]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1936</small> (Taiwan)
*''[[Batrachedra peroptusa]]'' <small> Meyrick, 1922 </small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra peroptusa]]'' <small> Meyrick, 1922 </small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra phaneropa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1914</small> (from Malawi)
*''[[Batrachedra phaneropa]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1914</small> (from Malawi)
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*''[[Batrachedra plagiocentra]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra plagiocentra]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra praeangusta]]'' <small>(Haworth, 1828)</small> (from Europe, Palearctic)
*''[[Batrachedra praeangusta]]'' <small>(Haworth, 1828)</small> (from Europe, Palearctic)
*''[[Batrachedra promylaea]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra promylaea]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra psithyra]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra psithyra]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1922</small> (New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra rainha]]'' <small>Bippus, 2020</small>
*''[[Batrachedra repertor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra repertor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra rhysodes]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra rhysodes]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra rixator]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra rixator]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra sacrata]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra sacrata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1921</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra salicipomenella]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra salicipomenella]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra salina]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra salina]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1921</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra satirica]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra satirica]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra saurota]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1911</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra saurota]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1911</small> (from South Africa)
*''[[Batrachedra scapulata]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra scapulata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (Sri Lanka)
*''[[Batrachedra scitator]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra scitator]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra siliginea]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra siliginea]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra smilacis]]'' <small>Sugisima, 2006</small>
*''[[Batrachedra smilacis]]'' <small>Sugisima, 2006</small>
*''[[Batrachedra stenosema]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra stenosema]]'' <small>Lower, 1904</small>
*''[[Batrachedra sterilis]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra sterilis]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra striolata]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra striolata]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra subglauca]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra subglauca]]'' <small>Sinev, 1979</small> (Russia)
*''[[Batrachedra substrata]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra substrata]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1916</small> (Sri Lanka)
*''[[Batrachedra tarsimaculata]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra tarsimaculata]]'' <small>Walsingham, 1897</small> (West Indies)
*''[[Batrachedra testor]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra testor]]'' <small>Hodges, 1966</small> (Florida)
*''[[Batrachedra theca]]'' <small>Clarke, 1957</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra theca]]'' <small>Clarke, 1957</small> (Neotropical)
*''[[Batrachedra trimeris]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra trimeris]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra tristicta]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra tristicta]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1901</small> (New Zealand)
*''[[Batrachedra velox]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra velox]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1897</small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra verax]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra verax]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (Sri Lanka)
*''[[Batrachedra volucris]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra volucris]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra xanthocrena]]'' <small></small>
*''[[Batrachedra xanthocrena]]'' <small>Meyrick, 1917</small> (India)
*''[[Batrachedra zenochroa]]'' <small></small> (from Australia)
*''[[Batrachedra zenochroa]]'' <small>Lower, 1904</small> (from Australia)
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}



Latest revision as of 01:09, 1 March 2023

Batrachedra
Batrachedra praeangusta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Batrachedridae
Genus: Batrachedra
Herrich-Schäffer, 1853[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • Eustaintonia Spuler, 1910

Batrachedra is the largest genus in the moth family Batrachedridae, with representatives all over the world. The early stages of most species are unknown.[2] The genus name is derived from the Greek words batrachos, 'frog', and edra, 'seat', referring to the frog-like resting posture of the adult moths.[3][4] As of 2018 at least some 114 species are known to belong to the genus.[5]

Distribution

[edit]

There are only three species found in Europe.[6] There is an especially high amount of biodiversity in the Indomalayan realm.[citation needed]

Ecology

[edit]

Of most species little is known about the ecology, but of those of which it is known, the caterpillars across the genus use a large variety of host plants. At least two mine within pine or spruce needles, one is found respectively on Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Salix and Populus, one is a pest of pineapples, another a pest of Agave, one feeds on the fruit of Smilax china and another on types of palms from Brazil.[5][7]

Species

[edit]

The genus contains the following species:[8]

Selected former species

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Revised Checklist of Batrachedridae in Neotropical Region
  2. ^ Emmet, A Maitland; Langmaid, John R; Bland, K P; Fletcher, D S; Harley, B H; Robinson, G S; Skinner, Bernard; Tremewan, W G, eds. (2002). The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 4, Part 1. Colchester: Harley Books. p. 202. ISBN 0-946589-66-6.
  3. ^ Hoare, Robert J. B. (2014). A photographic guide to moths & butterflies of New Zealand. Ball, Olivier. Auckland: New Holland Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 9781869663995. OCLC 891672034.
  4. ^ Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1978). Insects of Hawaii (PDF). Vol. 9 Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. pp. 1003–1015.
  5. ^ a b Savela, Markku (30 December 2018). "Batrachedra". Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  6. ^ "Batrachedra Herrich-Schäffer, 1853". Fauna Europaea. Fauna Europaea Secretariat, Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz & Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  7. ^ Hodges, Ronald W. (December 1966). "Review of New World Species of Batrachedra, with Description of Three New Genera (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 92 (4): 585–651. JSTOR 25077925.
  8. ^ Natural History Museum Lepidoptera Generic Names Catalog
[edit]