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'''EN 14214''' is an [[international standard]] that describes the minimum requirements for [[biodiesel]].
{{Short description|Fuel standard for biodiesel}}
{{ic|date=April 2018}} '''EN 14214''' is a standard published by the [[European Committee for Standardization]] that describes the requirements and test methods for FAME - the most common type of [[biodiesel]].


The technical definition of biodiesel is a fuel suitable for use in [[compression ignition]] (diesel) engines that is made of fatty acid monoalkyl esters derived from biologically produced oils or fats including vegetable oils, animal fats and microalgal oils. When biodiesel is produced from these types of oil using [[methanol]] fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced. Biodiesel fuels can also be produced using other alcohols, for example using ethanol to produce fatty acid ethyl esters, however these types of biodiesel are not covered by EN 14214 which applies only to methyl esters i.e. biodiesel produced using methanol.
Biodiesel is a fuel, comparable to [[petrodiesel]], that is produced, not from a [[fossil fuel]], but from a [[renewable fuel]] such as [[rapeseed]], [[soy]], [[jatropha]] or other virgin biomass, UCO (used-cooking oil), MSW (municipal solid waste), or from any viable fuel stock. Pure biodiesel (known as B100) consists of [[fatty acid methyl esters]] (FAME), from the isomers of glycerides C14 up to C24.


This European Standard exists in three official versions - English, French, German. The current version of the standard was published in November 2008 and supersedes EN 14214:2003.
Depending on the feedstock the distribution tends to be around C16 ([[palmitic acid|palmitic]]), C18:1 ([[oleic acid|oleic]]), C18:2 ([[linoleic acid|linoleic]]), and others. The FAME content can be determined by Gas Chromatography using the European Norm 14103 methodology or similar ASTM method. Other methods for determining specifications are detailed in EN 14214 in each case with appropriate reference.


Differences exist between the national versions of the EN 14214 standard. These differences relate to cold weather requirements and are detailed in the national annex of each standard.
The European Standard was approved by [[European Committee for Standardization|CEN]] (European Committee for Standardization) on 14 February 2003<ref> source: the EN 14214-standard </ref>. The date, when the standard came to effect, varies depending on the country (eg. Finland 8 March 2004).


It is broadly based on DIN 51606. The ASTM and EN both utilise very similar methods for the GC based analyses, in particular the methanol content EN method is deemed acceptable to use by the ASTM.
It is broadly based on the earlier German standard DIN 51606. The ASTM and EN standards both recommend very similar methods for the GC based analyses.

Blends are designated as "B" followed by a number. B99 is 99% pure biodiesel and 1% fossildiesel. B20 is 20% biodiesel and 80% fossildiesel. The toxicity of the fuel goes up as the proportion of biodiesel goes down.


Blends are designated as "B" followed by a number indicating the percentage biodiesel. For example: B100 is pure biodiesel. B99 is 99% biodiesel, 1% petrodiesel. B20 is 20% biodiesel and 80% fossil diesel.


==Specifications==
==Specifications==
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!lower limit
!lower limit
!upper limit
!upper limit
!Test-Method
!Test Method
|-
|-
| [[Ester]] content ||% (m/m) ||96,5 ||- ||[[pr]] [[EN 14103d]]
| [[Ester]] content ||% (m/m) ||96.5 ||- || [[EN 14103]]
|-
|-
| [[Density]] at 15°C ||kg/m³ ||860 ||900 ||[[EN ISO 3675]] / [[EN ISO 12185]].
| [[Density]] at 15°C ||kg/m³ ||860 ||900 ||[[EN ISO 3675]] / [[EN ISO 12185]] / [[EN12185]].
|-
|-
| [[Viscosity]] at 40°C ||mm²/s ||3,5 ||5,0 ||[[EN ISO 3104]]
| [[Viscosity]] at 40°C ||mm²/s ||3.5 ||5.0 ||[[EN ISO 3104]] / [[EN 14105]]
|-
|-
| [[Flash point]] ||°C ||> 101 ||- ||[[ISO CD 3679e]]
| [[Flash point]] ||°C ||> 101 ||- ||[[EN ISO 2719]] / [[EN ISO 3679]].
|-
|-
| [[Sulfur]] content ||mg/kg ||- ||10 ||-
| [[Sulfur]] content ||mg/kg ||- ||10 ||- [[EN ISO 20846]] / [[EN ISO 20884]].
|-
| [[Tar]] remnant (at 10% [[distillation]] remnant) ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,3 ||[[EN ISO 10370]]
|-
|-
| [[Cetane number]] ||- ||51,0 ||- ||[[EN ISO 5165]]
| [[Cetane number]] ||- ||51,0 ||- ||[[EN ISO 5165]]
Line 43: Line 41:
| [[Copper band]] [[corrosion]] (3 hours at 50 °C) ||rating ||Class 1 ||Class 1 ||[[EN ISO 2160]]
| [[Copper band]] [[corrosion]] (3 hours at 50 °C) ||rating ||Class 1 ||Class 1 ||[[EN ISO 2160]]
|-
|-
| [[Thermal stability]] ||- ||- ||- ||-
| [[Oxidation]] [[Chemical stability|stability]], 110°C ||hours ||8<ref>PN-EN 14214:2012</ref> ||- ||[[EN 14112]]
|-
|-
| [[Oxidation]] [[Chemical stability|stability]], 110°C ||hours ||6 ||- ||[[EN 14112]]
| [[Acid value]] ||mg KOH/g ||- ||0,5 || [[EN 14104]]
|-
|-
| [[Acid value]] ||mg KOH/g ||- ||0,5 ||pr [[EN 14104]]
| [[Iodine value]] ||- ||- ||120 || [[EN 14111]]
|-
|-
| [[Iodine value]] ||- ||- ||120 ||pr [[EN 14111]]
| [[Alpha-Linolenic acid|Linolenic Acid]] [[Methylester]] ||% (m/m) ||- ||12 || [[EN 14103]]
|-
|-
| [[Linolenic acid|Linolenic Acid]] [[Methylester]] ||% (m/m) ||- ||12 ||pr [[EN 14103d]]
| [[Polyunsaturated]] (>= 4 [[Double bond]]s) [[Methylester]] ||% (m/m) ||- ||1 || [[EN 14103]]
|-
|-
| [[Polyunsaturated]] (>= 4 [[Double bond]]s) [[Methylester]] ||% (m/m) ||- ||1 ||pr [[EN 14103]]
| [[Methanol]] content ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,2 || [[EN 14110]]
|-
|-
| [[Methanol]] content ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,2 ||pr [[EN 14110l]]
| [[Monoglyceride]] content ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,7 || [[EN 14105]]
|-
|-
| [[Monoglyceride]] content ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,8 ||pr [[EN 14105m]]
| [[Diglyceride]] content ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,2 || EN 14105
|-
|-
| [[Diglyceride]] content ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,2 ||pr EN 14105m
| [[Triglyceride]] content ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,2 || EN 14105
|-
|-
| [[Triglyceride]] content ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,2 ||pr EN 14105m
| [[Free glycerine|Free Glycerine]] ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,02 || EN 14105 / [[EN 14106]]
|-
|-
| [[Free glycerine|Free Glycerine]] ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,02 ||pr EN 14105m / pr [[EN 14106]]
| Total [[Glycerine]] ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,25 || EN 14105
|-
|-
| Total [[Glycerine]] ||% (m/m) ||- ||0,25 ||pr EN 14105m
| Group I metals (Na+K) ||mg/kg ||- ||5 || [[EN 14108]] / [[EN 14109]] / EN 14538
|-
|-
| [[Alkali metal|Alkali Metal]]s (Na+K) ||mg/kg ||- ||5 ||pr [[EN 14108]] / pr [[EN 14109]]
| Group II metals (Ca+Mg) ||mg/kg ||- ||5 || [[EN 14538]]
|-
|-
| [[Phosphorus]] content ||mg/kg ||- ||10 ||pr EN14107p
| [[Phosphorus]] content ||mg/kg ||- ||4 || EN14107
|}
|}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[ASTM D6751]]: the standard used in USA and Canada
* [[ASTM D6751]] &mdash; the standard used in USA and Canada
* [[European Committee for Standardization|EN]]
* [[European Committee for Standardization|EN]]
* [[EN 590]]
* [[EN 590]]
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.cenorm.be/ CEN homepage]
* [http://www.cenorm.be/ CEN homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125075155/http://www.cenorm.be/ |date=2007-01-25 }}
* [http://www.biofuelsystems.com/biodiesel/specification.htm Country specific CFPP requirements according to national annexes of EN 14214]
⚫
[[Category:EN standards|14214]]
{{List of EN standards|state=autocollapse}}
⚫
[[Category:EN standards|#14214]]
[[Category:Biodiesel]]
[[Category:Biodiesel]]
{{engineering-stub}}
[[Category:Renewable energy standards]]

[[de:EN 14214]]
[[nl:EN 14214]]
[[no:EN 14214]]

Latest revision as of 02:08, 2 March 2023

EN 14214 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization that describes the requirements and test methods for FAME - the most common type of biodiesel.

The technical definition of biodiesel is a fuel suitable for use in compression ignition (diesel) engines that is made of fatty acid monoalkyl esters derived from biologically produced oils or fats including vegetable oils, animal fats and microalgal oils. When biodiesel is produced from these types of oil using methanol fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced. Biodiesel fuels can also be produced using other alcohols, for example using ethanol to produce fatty acid ethyl esters, however these types of biodiesel are not covered by EN 14214 which applies only to methyl esters i.e. biodiesel produced using methanol.

This European Standard exists in three official versions - English, French, German. The current version of the standard was published in November 2008 and supersedes EN 14214:2003.

Differences exist between the national versions of the EN 14214 standard. These differences relate to cold weather requirements and are detailed in the national annex of each standard.

It is broadly based on the earlier German standard DIN 51606. The ASTM and EN standards both recommend very similar methods for the GC based analyses.

Blends are designated as "B" followed by a number indicating the percentage biodiesel. For example: B100 is pure biodiesel. B99 is 99% biodiesel, 1% petrodiesel. B20 is 20% biodiesel and 80% fossil diesel.

Specifications

[edit]
Property Units lower limit upper limit Test Method
Ester content % (m/m) 96.5 - EN 14103
Density at 15°C kg/m³ 860 900 EN ISO 3675 / EN ISO 12185 / EN12185.
Viscosity at 40°C mm²/s 3.5 5.0 EN ISO 3104 / EN 14105
Flash point °C > 101 - EN ISO 2719 / EN ISO 3679.
Sulfur content mg/kg - 10 - EN ISO 20846 / EN ISO 20884.
Cetane number - 51,0 - EN ISO 5165
Sulfated ash content % (m/m) - 0,02 ISO 3987
Water content mg/kg - 500 EN ISO 12937
Total contamination mg/kg - 24 EN 12662
Copper band corrosion (3 hours at 50 °C) rating Class 1 Class 1 EN ISO 2160
Oxidation stability, 110°C hours 8[1] - EN 14112
Acid value mg KOH/g - 0,5 EN 14104
Iodine value - - 120 EN 14111
Linolenic Acid Methylester % (m/m) - 12 EN 14103
Polyunsaturated (>= 4 Double bonds) Methylester % (m/m) - 1 EN 14103
Methanol content % (m/m) - 0,2 EN 14110
Monoglyceride content % (m/m) - 0,7 EN 14105
Diglyceride content % (m/m) - 0,2 EN 14105
Triglyceride content % (m/m) - 0,2 EN 14105
Free Glycerine % (m/m) - 0,02 EN 14105 / EN 14106
Total Glycerine % (m/m) - 0,25 EN 14105
Group I metals (Na+K) mg/kg - 5 EN 14108 / EN 14109 / EN 14538
Group II metals (Ca+Mg) mg/kg - 5 EN 14538
Phosphorus content mg/kg - 4 EN14107

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ PN-EN 14214:2012
[edit]
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