Jump to content

Karl von Einem: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
I fixed a small grammatical error
 
(29 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Prussian Minister of War}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name=Karl von Einem
|name=Karl von Einem
|birth_date={{birth date|1853|1|1|df=y}}
|birth_date={{birth date|1853|1|1|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1934|4|7|1853|1|1|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1934|4|7|1853|1|1|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Herzberg am Harz]], [[Kingdom of Hanover]]
|birth_place=[[Herzberg am Harz]], [[Kingdom of Hanover]], [[German Confederation]]
|death_place= [[Mülheim]], [[Nazi Germany]]
|death_place= [[Mülheim]], [[Nazi Germany]]
|image=KarlEinem.jpg
|image=Karl von Einem.jpg
|caption=
|caption=Karl von Einem genannt von Rothmaler
|nickname=
|nickname=
|allegiance={{flagicon |Prussia}} [[Prussia]] <br>{{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Imperial Germany]]
|allegiance={{flag|Kingdom of Prussia}}<br>{{flag|German Empire}}
|branch=[[Prussian Army]]
|branch=[[Prussian Army]]
|serviceyears=1870–1919
|serviceyears=1870–1919
Line 16: Line 17:
|battles=[[Franco-Prussian War]]<br>[[World War I]]
|battles=[[Franco-Prussian War]]<br>[[World War I]]
|awards=
|awards=
|laterwork=[[Prussian Minister of War]] (1903–&#xFEFF;1909)
|laterwork=[[Prussian Minister of War]] (1903–1909)
}}
}}
'''Karl von Einem''' '''''genannt von Rothmaler''''' (January 1, 1853 &ndash; April 7, 1934) was the commander of the German 3rd Army during the [[First World War]] and served as the [[Prussian Minister of War]] responsible for much of the German military buildup prior to the outbreak of the war.
'''Karl Wilhelm Georg August von Einem genannt von Rothmaler''' (1 January 1853 &ndash; 7 April 1934) was the commander of the German 3rd Army during the [[First World War]] and served as the [[Prussian Minister of War]] responsible for much of the German military buildup prior to the outbreak of the war.


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Born in [[Herzberg am Harz]], Einem served in the [[Prussian army]] for much of his life when he was appointed Minister of War in 1903. During his six years of service, Einem oversaw the reorganization of the German army building much of the military's heavy armament in preparation for modern warfare, specifically the introduction of the machine gun and modern heavy artillery.
Born in [[Herzberg am Harz]], Einem served in the [[Prussian army]] for much of his life when he was appointed Minister of War in 1903. During his six years of service, Einem oversaw the reorganization of the German army building much of the military's heavy armament in preparation for modern warfare, specifically the introduction of the machine gun and modern heavy artillery.


In 1909, Einem was appointed commander of VII Corps serving under the command of Gen. [[Karl von Bülow]]'s [[2nd Army (German Empire)|2nd Army]] later taking part in the [[First Battle of the Marne]] soon after Germany entry into [[World War I]] in August 1914.
In 1909, Einem was appointed commander of VII Corps serving under the command of Gen. [[Karl von Bülow]]'s [[2nd Army (German Empire)|2nd Army]] later taking part in the [[First Battle of the Marne]] soon after German entry into [[World War I]] in August 1914.


Assigned to France, Einem succeeded Gen. [[Max von Hausen]] as commander of the [[3rd Army (German Empire)|Third Army]] in September 1914. Successfully repulsing the French [[First Battle of Champagne|Champagne-Marne offensive]] from February–March and [[Second Battle of Champagne|September–November]] 1915 respectively, Einem would take part in all three [[Battles of the Aisne]] and would hold Gen. Anthoine's 4th Army (under Gen. [[Philippe Petain]]'s Center Army Group) during the [[Second Battle of the Aisne]] as part of the [[Nivelle Offensive]] from April 16-May 15, 1917.
Assigned to France, Einem succeeded Gen. [[Max von Hausen]] as commander of the [[3rd Army (German Empire)|Third Army]] in September 1914. Successfully repulsing the French [[First Battle of Champagne|Champagne-Marne offensive]] from February–March and [[Second Battle of Champagne|September–November]] 1915 respectively, Einem would take part in all three [[Battles of the Aisne]] and would hold Gen. Anthoine's 4th Army (under Gen. [[Philippe Petain]]'s Center Army Group) during the [[Second Battle of the Aisne]] as part of the [[Nivelle Offensive]] from 16 April to 15 May 1917.


Einem's right wing units would also participate in Gen. [[Erich Ludendorff]]'s Campagne-Marne offensive on July 15–17, 1918 supporting the east flank of the German 1st Army. After suffering severe casualties in battle with Gen. [[John J. Pershing]]'s Allied Expeditionary Force from September 26-November 11 in the [[Meuse-Argonne offensive]], he was forced to retreat northward shortly before the war's end. On November 10, 1918, only one day before the declaration of the Armistice, command of [[Wilhelm, German Crown Prince|Prince Wilhelm]]'s Army Group Crown Prince fell to Einem who would oversee Germany's demobilization. Retiring from the army in 1919, Einem lived in retirement until his death in [[Mülheim]] on April 7, 1934.
Einem's right wing units would also participate in Gen. [[Erich Ludendorff]]'s [[Second Battle of the Marne|Champagne-Marne offensive]] on 15–17 July 1918 supporting the east flank of the German 1st Army. After suffering severe casualties in battle with Gen. [[John J. Pershing]]'s Allied Expeditionary Force from 26 September to 11 November in the [[Meuse-Argonne offensive]], he was forced to retreat northward shortly before the war's end. On 10 November 1918, only one day before the declaration of the Armistice, command of [[Wilhelm, German Crown Prince|Prince Wilhelm]]'s [[Army Group German Crown Prince]] fell to Einem who would oversee Germany's demobilization. Retiring from the army in 1919, Einem lived in retirement until his death in [[Mülheim]] on 7 April 1934.


==Awards and decorations==
==Awards and decorations==
Line 38: Line 39:
* Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
* Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
* [[Pour le Mérite]] (16 March 1915), Oak Leaves added on 17 October 1916
* [[Pour le Mérite]] (16 March 1915), Oak Leaves added on 17 October 1916
* Grand Cross with Crown of the Merit [[Order of Philip the Magnanimous]] (8 September 1905)<ref name="ordensliste">{{citation|title=Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste|chapter=Verdienst-Orden Philipps des Großmütigen|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112089248600&view=1up&seq=190&skin=2021 168]|lang=German|location=Darmstadt|year=1907|publisher=Staatsverlag|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
* Commander First Class of the [[Military Order of St. Henry]] (15 October 1918)
* Commander First Class of the [[Military Order of St. Henry]] (15 October 1918)


== References ==
== References ==
{{no footnotes|date=January 2016}}
{{no footnotes|date=January 2016}}
{{reflist}}
* Buchan, John. ''History of the Great War'', 5 vols., Boston, 1922.
* Buchan, John. ''History of the Great War'', 5 vols., Boston, 1922.


Line 49: Line 52:
* [http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/einem.htm Karl Einem] at [http://www.firstworldwar.com FirstWorldWar.com]
* [http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/einem.htm Karl Einem] at [http://www.firstworldwar.com FirstWorldWar.com]
* [http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/bio/e/einen.html WWI Biographical Dictionary: Karl von Einem]
* [http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/bio/e/einen.html WWI Biographical Dictionary: Karl von Einem]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/004584}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
Line 54: Line 58:
{{succession box | before=[[Heinrich von Gossler]] | title=[[Prussian Minister of War]] | after=[[Josias von Heeringen]] | years=1903&ndash;1909}}
{{succession box | before=[[Heinrich von Gossler]] | title=[[Prussian Minister of War]] | after=[[Josias von Heeringen]] | years=1903&ndash;1909}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-mil}}
{{Succession box| title=Commander, [[3rd Army (German Empire)|3rd Army]]| before=[[Generaloberst]] [[Max von Hausen]] | after=Dissolved | years=12 September 1914–30 January 1919}}
{{Succession box| title=Commander, [[3rd Army (German Empire)|3rd Army]]| before=[[Generaloberst]] [[Max von Hausen]] | after=Dissolved | years=12 September 1914 – 30 January 1919}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}


Line 60: Line 64:


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Einem, Karl von
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German general
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 1, 1853
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Herzberg am Harz]], [[Prussia]]
| DATE OF DEATH = April 7, 1934
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Mülheim]], [[Germany]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Einem, Karl Von}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Einem, Karl Von}}
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1853 births]]
Line 77: Line 72:
[[Category:German untitled nobility]]
[[Category:German untitled nobility]]
[[Category:German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War]]
[[Category:German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War]]
[[Category:German military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:German Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:Prussian generals]]
[[Category:Colonel generals of Prussia]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Hanover]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Hanover]]
[[Category:Prussian politicians]]
[[Category:Prussian politicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Eagle, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Commanders of the House Order of Hohenzollern]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1870), 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1870), 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class]]
[[Category:Commanders 2nd Class of the Military Order of St. Henry]]
[[Category:19th-century Prussian military personnel]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Lower Saxony]]

Latest revision as of 22:31, 3 March 2023

Karl von Einem
Born(1853-01-01)1 January 1853
Herzberg am Harz, Kingdom of Hanover, German Confederation
Died7 April 1934(1934-04-07) (aged 81)
Mülheim, Nazi Germany
Allegiance Kingdom of Prussia
 German Empire
Service / branchPrussian Army
Years of service1870–1919
RankGeneraloberst
CommandsVII Army Corps
3rd Army
Battles / warsFranco-Prussian War
World War I
Other workPrussian Minister of War (1903–1909)

Karl Wilhelm Georg August von Einem genannt von Rothmaler (1 January 1853 – 7 April 1934) was the commander of the German 3rd Army during the First World War and served as the Prussian Minister of War responsible for much of the German military buildup prior to the outbreak of the war.

Life and career

[edit]

Born in Herzberg am Harz, Einem served in the Prussian army for much of his life when he was appointed Minister of War in 1903. During his six years of service, Einem oversaw the reorganization of the German army building much of the military's heavy armament in preparation for modern warfare, specifically the introduction of the machine gun and modern heavy artillery.

In 1909, Einem was appointed commander of VII Corps serving under the command of Gen. Karl von Bülow's 2nd Army later taking part in the First Battle of the Marne soon after German entry into World War I in August 1914.

Assigned to France, Einem succeeded Gen. Max von Hausen as commander of the Third Army in September 1914. Successfully repulsing the French Champagne-Marne offensive from February–March and September–November 1915 respectively, Einem would take part in all three Battles of the Aisne and would hold Gen. Anthoine's 4th Army (under Gen. Philippe Petain's Center Army Group) during the Second Battle of the Aisne as part of the Nivelle Offensive from 16 April to 15 May 1917.

Einem's right wing units would also participate in Gen. Erich Ludendorff's Champagne-Marne offensive on 15–17 July 1918 supporting the east flank of the German 1st Army. After suffering severe casualties in battle with Gen. John J. Pershing's Allied Expeditionary Force from 26 September to 11 November in the Meuse-Argonne offensive, he was forced to retreat northward shortly before the war's end. On 10 November 1918, only one day before the declaration of the Armistice, command of Prince Wilhelm's Army Group German Crown Prince fell to Einem who would oversee Germany's demobilization. Retiring from the army in 1919, Einem lived in retirement until his death in Mülheim on 7 April 1934.

Awards and decorations

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Verdienst-Orden Philipps des Großmütigen", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1907, p. 168 – via hathitrust.org
  • Buchan, John. History of the Great War, 5 vols., Boston, 1922.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Karl von Einem.
Wikisource has the text of the 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Einem, Karl von".
Political offices
Preceded by Prussian Minister of War
1903–1909 		Succeeded by
Military offices
Preceded by Commander, 3rd Army
12 September 1914 – 30 January 1919 		Succeeded by
Dissolved
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Karl_von_Einem&oldid=1142700415"