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{{Short description|French anatomist}}
[[File:Gilbert Breschet.jpg|thumb|Gilbert Breschet.]]
'''Gilbert Breschet''' (7 July 1784 – 10 May 1845) was a French [[anatomist]] who was born in [[Clermont-Ferrand]].
[[File:Gilbert Breschet 2.jpg|thumb|Gilbert Breschet.]]
'''Gilbert Breschet''' (7 July 1784 – 10 May 1845) was a French [[anatomist]] born in [[Clermont-Ferrand]].


He studied medicine at the [[University of Paris]], and in 1812 was conferred as doctor of medicine in [[Paris]]. In 1836 he succeeded [[Jean Cruveilhier]] (1791–1874) as professor of anatomy at the ''Faculté de médecine de Paris''.
He studied medicine at the [[University of Paris]], and in 1812 was conferred as doctor of medicine in [[Paris]]. In 1836 he succeeded [[Jean Cruveilhier]] (1791–1874) as professor of anatomy at the [[Faculté de Médecine de Paris]].


Breschet made many contributions in [[comparative anatomy]] and research of [[zoonosis|zoonotic]] diseases. In 1813 with [[François Magendie]] (1783–1855) he demonstrated that [[rabies]] can be transmitted from the [[saliva]] of humans to dogs. He also discovered the ''[[rete mirabile]]'' in whales and dolphins, which is a vascular network that allows these mammals to survive and adapt at ocean depths.
Breschet made many contributions in [[comparative anatomy]] and in his research of [[zoonosis|zoonotic]] diseases. In 1813 with [[François Magendie]] (1783–1855), he demonstrated that [[rabies]] can be transmitted from the [[saliva]] of humans to dogs. Also, he was the first to create an accurate figure of the ''[[rete mirabile]]'' in [[whale]]s and [[dolphin]]s, a vascular network that allows these mammals to survive and adapt in ocean depths; a feature discovered by Edward Tyson.


He did extensive anatomical studies of [[veins]] of the [[Human cranium|cranium]] and spine, and made important investigations of the auditory system in [[vertebrate]]s. He provided a comprehensive description of the [[utricle (ear)|utricle]] and [[saccule]] of the [[inner ear]], and is credited for introducing the terms [[otoconia]] and [[helicotrema]]. The helicotrema is sometimes referred to as "Breschet's hiatus", which is a passageway that connects the [[scala tympani]] and [[scala vestibuli]] at the top of the [[cochlea]]. Breschet has several other anatomical terms named after him, including:
He did extensive anatomical studies of [[veins]] of the [[Human cranium|cranium]] and spine, and made important investigations of the [[auditory system]] in [[vertebrate]]s. He provided a comprehensive description of the [[utricle (ear)|utricle]] and [[saccule]] of the [[inner ear]], and is credited for introducing the terms "[[otoconia]]" and "[[helicotrema]]".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9-QDAAAAQAAJ&dq=Breschet+otoconia&pg=PA294 Demonstrations of anatomy] by George Viner Ellis</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=s-KkFNDaThoC&dq=Breschet+helicotrema&pg=PA23 Human Physiology by Robley Dulingson, Volume 2]</ref> The helicotrema is sometimes referred to as "Breschet's hiatus", a passageway that connects the [[scala tympani]] and [[scala vestibuli]] at the top of the [[cochlea]]. Breschet has several other anatomical terms named after him, including:
* ''Breschet's bone(s)'': Small [[ossicle]]s occasionally found in the [[ligament]]s of the [[sternoclavicular articulation]]. Also known as "os suprasternale" or as an [[Ossification of sternum|episternal bone]].
* Breschet's bone(s): Small [[ossicle]]s occasionally found in the [[ligament]]s of the [[sternoclavicular articulation]]. Also known as "os suprasternale" or as an [[Ossification of sternum|episternal bone]].
* ''Breschet's canals'': (''canales diploici''), Channels in the [[diploe]] of the skull that accommodate the [[diploic veins]].
* Breschet's canals: (''canales diploici''), Channels in the [[diploe]] of the skull that accommodate the [[diploic veins]].
* ''Breschet's sinus'': Also known as the [[sphenoparietal sinus]].
* Breschet's sinus: Also known as the [[sphenoparietal sinus]].
* ''Breschet's veins'': (''venae diploici''), Diploic veins connected with the cerebral sinuses by [[emissary veins]].
* Breschet's veins: (''venae diploici''), Diploic veins connected with the cerebral sinuses by [[emissary veins]].


In 1842, he was elected a foreign member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]].
In 1842, he was elected a foreign member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]].


== Selected publications ==
== Selected publications ==
* ''Essai sur les veines du rachis'', 1819
* ''Essai sur les veines du rachis'', 1819.
* ''Traité des maladies des enfants'', 2 volumes 1833
* ''Traité des maladies des enfants'', two volumes 1833.
* ''Traité d’anatomie humaine'', with [[Alexandre Brière de Boismont]] (1797–1881), 1834.
* ''Traité d’anatomie humaine'', with [[Alexandre Brière de Boismont]] (1797–1881), 1834.
* ''Histoire anatomique et physiologique d'un organe de nature vasculaire découvert dans les Cétacés, Suivie de quelques considérations sur la respiration de ces animaux et des amphibies'', 1836
* ''Histoire anatomique et physiologique d'un organe de nature vasculaire découvert dans les Cétacés, Suivie de quelques considérations sur la respiration de ces animaux et des amphibies'', 1836.


== References ==
== References ==
* [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2698.html ''Gilbert Breschet''] @ [[Who Named It]]
* [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2698.html ''Gilbert Breschet''] @ [[Who Named It]]
* [http://www.ilab.org/db/book1091_8054.html The International League of Antiquarian Booksellers]
* [http://www.ilab.org/db/book1091_8054.html The International League of Antiquarian Booksellers]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Breschet, Gilbert
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 7 July 1784
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 10 May 1845
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Breschet, Gilbert}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Breschet, Gilbert}}
[[Category:French anatomists]]
[[Category:French anatomists]]
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[[Category:1784 births]]
[[Category:1784 births]]
[[Category:1845 deaths]]
[[Category:1845 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Clermont-Ferrand]]

[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[fr:Gilbert Breschet]]

Latest revision as of 20:40, 17 March 2023

Gilbert Breschet.

Gilbert Breschet (7 July 1784 – 10 May 1845) was a French anatomist born in Clermont-Ferrand.

He studied medicine at the University of Paris, and in 1812 was conferred as doctor of medicine in Paris. In 1836 he succeeded Jean Cruveilhier (1791–1874) as professor of anatomy at the Faculté de Médecine de Paris.

Breschet made many contributions in comparative anatomy and in his research of zoonotic diseases. In 1813 with François Magendie (1783–1855), he demonstrated that rabies can be transmitted from the saliva of humans to dogs. Also, he was the first to create an accurate figure of the rete mirabile in whales and dolphins, a vascular network that allows these mammals to survive and adapt in ocean depths; a feature discovered by Edward Tyson.

He did extensive anatomical studies of veins of the cranium and spine, and made important investigations of the auditory system in vertebrates. He provided a comprehensive description of the utricle and saccule of the inner ear, and is credited for introducing the terms "otoconia" and "helicotrema".[1][2] The helicotrema is sometimes referred to as "Breschet's hiatus", a passageway that connects the scala tympani and scala vestibuli at the top of the cochlea. Breschet has several other anatomical terms named after him, including:

In 1842, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Essai sur les veines du rachis, 1819.
  • Traité des maladies des enfants, two volumes 1833.
  • Traité d’anatomie humaine, with Alexandre Brière de Boismont (1797–1881), 1834.
  • Histoire anatomique et physiologique d'un organe de nature vasculaire découvert dans les Cétacés, Suivie de quelques considérations sur la respiration de ces animaux et des amphibies, 1836.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Demonstrations of anatomy by George Viner Ellis
  2. ^ Human Physiology by Robley Dulingson, Volume 2
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