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{{short description|Species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae}}
{{italic title}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|name = ''Clematis gouriana''
|name = ''Clematis gouriana''
|image = Clematis gouriana.JPG
|image = Clematis gouriana.JPG
⚫
|taxon = Clematis gouriana
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|authority = [[William Roxburgh|Roxb.]] ex [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC]].
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Ranunculales]]
|familia = [[Ranunculaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Clematis]]''
|species = '''''C. gouriana'''''
⚫
|binomial = ''Clematis gouriana''
⚫
|binomial_authority = [[William Roxburgh|Roxb.]] ex [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC]].
}}
}}

'''''Clematis gouriana''''' is a [[liana]] belonging to the [[buttercup]] family ([[Ranunculaceae]]). It was described by Roxb. ex DC. and published in ''Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale'' 1: 138-139, in 1818.<ref name="PlantList">{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2726069 |title=Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC. |website=The Plant List |accessdate=3 June 2016}}</ref>
<!--https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786419.2014.1000891?journalCode=gnpl20-->
'''''Clematis gouriana''''', or '''Indian Traveller's Joy''',<ref name="TalbotBombay">{{cite book|title=The Trees, Shrubs and Wood-Climbers of the Bombay Presidency|edition=2|author=W A Talbot|year=1902|publisher=Government Central Press|place=Bombay|page=2|url=https://archive.org/stream/treesshrubswoody1902talb#page/2/mode/2up|accessdate=24 March 2018}}</ref> is a [[liana]] found in [[Asia]] which belongs to the [[buttercup]] family ([[Ranunculaceae]]).<ref name="MahaStateGaz">{{cite book|title=Maharashtra State Gazetteer, Botany, Part III - Miscellaneous Plants|editor=P. Setu Madhava Rao|date=January 1961|edition=2|series=General Series Volume A|publisher=Maharastra State|place=Mumbai|page=522}}</ref> It was described by Roxb. ex DC. and published in ''Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale'' 1: 138-139, in 1818.<ref name="PlantList">{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2726069 |title=Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC. |website=The Plant List |accessdate=3 June 2016}}</ref>

==Distribution==
The creeper occurs in the [[Himalayas]] from [[Pakistan]], [[India]], eastward through [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Bangladesh]] and into western and southern [[China]].<ref name="ClematisEncyclopedia">{{cite book|title=An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Clematis|year=2001|last1=Toomey|first1=Mary|last2=Leeds|first2=Everett|publisher=British Clematis Society|place=Portland, Oregon, USA|page=206}}</ref><ref name="BSI">{{cite web|url=http://efloraindia.nic.in/efloraindia/taxonList.action?id=2109&type=4|title=11. Clematis gouriana|work=eFlora of India|publisher=Botanical Survey of India|place=Kolkata|accessdate=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324162448/http://efloraindia.nic.in/efloraindia/taxonList.action?id=2109&type=4|archive-date=24 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The hilly districts of the [[Western Ghats]], the eastern part of the India subcontinent, and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name="TalbotBombay"/><ref name="BSI"/>
In India, the creeper occurs in the states of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Orissa]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[West Bengal]], [[Sikkim]], [[Assam]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Nagaland]], [[Manipur]] and [[Tripura]].<ref name="BSI"/> The creeper is common in the Western Ghats, and the patches of adjoining forest of the [[Konkan]] coast and the [[Deccan plateau]].<ref name="MahaStateGaz"/>

==Description==
[[File:Clematis_gouriana_Rungiah.jpg|thumb|right|Botanical illustration of ''C. gouriana'' by Rungiah in ''Spicilegium Neilgherrense'', Volume 1 (1851) (plate 1 of 2).]]
[[File:Clematis_gouriana_Rungiah_2.jpg|thumb|right|Botanical illustration of ''C. gouriana'' by Rungiah in ''Spicilegium Neilgherrense'', Volume 1 (1851) (plate 2 of 2).]]
A large climbing shrub, reaching up to the canopies of trees. Glabrous, except for the younger parts of the plant. Grooved stem and branches. Leaves are pinnate, sometimes bi-pinnate or tri-pinnate. Leaflets may be ovate or oblong acuminate, with nerves and reticulate venation, and have a shining surface. Small flowers in many branched pannicles. Each flower is 1 to 1.5 inches wide, fragrant and greenish-white. Petals are absent but four greenish sepals present which are oblong-ovate and covered with soft down. Many stamens, with free, narrow and straight filaments which thicken towards the top. Compressed achenes, narrowly ovoid or oblong, with persistent feathery style.<ref name="TalbotBombay"/><ref name="MahaStateGaz"/><ref name="Dalziell">{{cite book|title=The Bombay Flora |edition=2 |last1=Talbot |first1=WA |last2=Gibson |first2=Alexander |year=1861 |publisher=Education Society Press|place=Bombay|page=1|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.221124/2015.221124.The-Bombay#page/n5/mode/2up|accessdate=24 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="FdGuideSahKonk">{{cite book|title=Field Guide to the Plants of Sahyadri and Konkan|last1=Sardesai|first1=Milind|last2=Govekar|first2=Ravikiran|last3=Yadav|first3=SR|date=2013|publisher=Forest Department, Government of Maharashtra|place=Pune|page=138}}</ref><ref name="FlowersSahyadri">{{cite book|title=Flowers of Sahyadri|author=Shrikant Ingalhallikar|date=November 2001|publisher=S. Ingalhallikar|place=Pune|page=98}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Morvel_(Marathi-_मोरवेल)_(2285568186).jpg|Flowers
File:Clematis_gouriana-2-ghat_road-yercaud-salem-India.JPG|Pinnate leaflets
File:Clematis_gouriana-1-sanyasimalai-yercaud-salem-India.JPG|Ribbed stems
File:Clematis_gouriana-5-ghat_roa-yercaud-salem-India.JPG|Achenes
</gallery>

==Natural history==
''C. gouriana'' is a vigorous climber spreading on thickets and climbing on trees. Principally in tropical and subtropical forests.<ref name="BSI"/> It occurs up to {{convert|5000|ft|m}} in the Himalayas; in the hilly districts of the peninsula it occurs between {{convert|1000|ft|m}} and {{convert|3000|ft|m}}.<ref name="FloristicPlants">{{cite book|last=Vardhana|first=Rashtra|title=Floristic Plants of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hH4AFtTzL9AC&pg=PA206|accessdate=24 March 2018|date=2006-09-15|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-651-3|page=206}}</ref> Flowering takes place from August to February, while fruits appear from September to May.<ref name="BSI"/>

==Medicinal uses==
''C. gouriana'' is recognised as a medicinal herb in traditional medicine and amongst tribal communities. It has been investigated for its medicinal properties.<ref name="Rana_et_al_2015">{{cite journal|title=Screening of bioconstituents and ''in vitro'' cytotoxicity of ''Clematis gouriana'' leaves|first1=Shalika |last1=Rana |first2=Kiran |last2=Rawat |first3=Madhavi |last3= Mahendru|first4=Yogendra |last4=Padwad |first5=Yogesh B. |last5=Pakade |first6=Brij |last6=Lal |first7=Shashi |last7=Bhushan|journal=Natural Product Research|volume=29|issue=23|pages=2242–2246|doi=10.1080/14786419.2014.1000891|pmid = 25587822|year = 2015}}</ref>

The bruised leaves and stem act as a vesicant and are poisonous.<ref name="CPKhare2008">{{cite book|author=C.P. Khare|title=Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gMwLwbUwtfkC|accessdate=24 March 2018|date=2008-04-22|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-387-70637-5|page=158}}</ref> In [[Ayurveda]], the leaves of the plant have been used for treating [[puerperal fever]] and [[bruises]].<ref name="APD">{{cite web|url=http://www.instituteofayurveda.org/plants/plants_detail.php?i=1092 |title=Clematis gouriana** |work=Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka| publisher=Barberyn Ayurvedic Resorts and University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka |accessdate=24 March 2018}}</ref> Leaf paste is applied to wounds of cattle by [[Jatapu]], [[Khond]] and [[Sora people|Savara]] tribals of Andhra Pradesh, India.<ref name="BSI"/>

== In culture ==
In [[Himachal Pradesh]], the plant is called [[Takri script|Takri]]: {{Lang|xnr|𑚏𑚮𑚠𑚖𑚱}} ISO: cibaḍū or [[Takri script|Takri]]: {{Lang|bfz|𑚏𑚮𑚠𑚤𑚱}} ISO: cibarū. <ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Pahari Hindi Shabdkosh|publisher=HPAACL|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{commons category inline|Clematis gouriana}}
* {{Commons category inline|Clematis gouriana}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q6577866}}
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[[Category:Clematis|g]]


⚫
[[Category:Clematis|g]]
{{ranunculales-stub}}
[[Category:Plants described in 1818]]

Latest revision as of 00:29, 19 March 2023

Clematis gouriana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Clematis
Species:
C. gouriana
Binomial name
Clematis gouriana
Roxb. ex DC.

Clematis gouriana, or Indian Traveller's Joy,[1] is a liana found in Asia which belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).[2] It was described by Roxb. ex DC. and published in Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale 1: 138-139, in 1818.[3]

Distribution

[edit]

The creeper occurs in the Himalayas from Pakistan, India, eastward through Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and into western and southern China.[4][5] The hilly districts of the Western Ghats, the eastern part of the India subcontinent, and Sri Lanka.[1][5] In India, the creeper occurs in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Tripura.[5] The creeper is common in the Western Ghats, and the patches of adjoining forest of the Konkan coast and the Deccan plateau.[2]

Description

[edit]
Botanical illustration of C. gouriana by Rungiah in Spicilegium Neilgherrense, Volume 1 (1851) (plate 1 of 2).
Botanical illustration of C. gouriana by Rungiah in Spicilegium Neilgherrense, Volume 1 (1851) (plate 2 of 2).

A large climbing shrub, reaching up to the canopies of trees. Glabrous, except for the younger parts of the plant. Grooved stem and branches. Leaves are pinnate, sometimes bi-pinnate or tri-pinnate. Leaflets may be ovate or oblong acuminate, with nerves and reticulate venation, and have a shining surface. Small flowers in many branched pannicles. Each flower is 1 to 1.5 inches wide, fragrant and greenish-white. Petals are absent but four greenish sepals present which are oblong-ovate and covered with soft down. Many stamens, with free, narrow and straight filaments which thicken towards the top. Compressed achenes, narrowly ovoid or oblong, with persistent feathery style.[1][2][6][7][8]

  • Flowers
    Flowers
  • Pinnate leaflets
    Pinnate leaflets
  • Ribbed stems
    Ribbed stems
  • Achenes
    Achenes

Natural history

[edit]

C. gouriana is a vigorous climber spreading on thickets and climbing on trees. Principally in tropical and subtropical forests.[5] It occurs up to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) in the Himalayas; in the hilly districts of the peninsula it occurs between 1,000 feet (300 m) and 3,000 feet (910 m).[9] Flowering takes place from August to February, while fruits appear from September to May.[5]

Medicinal uses

[edit]

C. gouriana is recognised as a medicinal herb in traditional medicine and amongst tribal communities. It has been investigated for its medicinal properties.[10]

The bruised leaves and stem act as a vesicant and are poisonous.[11] In Ayurveda, the leaves of the plant have been used for treating puerperal fever and bruises.[12] Leaf paste is applied to wounds of cattle by Jatapu, Khond and Savara tribals of Andhra Pradesh, India.[5]

In culture

[edit]

In Himachal Pradesh, the plant is called Takri: 𑚏𑚮𑚠𑚖𑚱 ISO: cibaḍū or Takri: 𑚏𑚮𑚠𑚤𑚱 ISO: cibarū. [13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c W A Talbot (1902). The Trees, Shrubs and Wood-Climbers of the Bombay Presidency (2 ed.). Bombay: Government Central Press. p. 2. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  2. ^ a b c P. Setu Madhava Rao, ed. (January 1961). Maharashtra State Gazetteer, Botany, Part III - Miscellaneous Plants. General Series Volume A (2 ed.). Mumbai: Maharastra State. p. 522.
  3. ^ "Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC". The Plant List. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  4. ^ Toomey, Mary; Leeds, Everett (2001). An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Clematis. Portland, Oregon, USA: British Clematis Society. p. 206.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "11. Clematis gouriana". eFlora of India. Kolkata: Botanical Survey of India. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  6. ^ Talbot, WA; Gibson, Alexander (1861). The Bombay Flora (2 ed.). Bombay: Education Society Press. p. 1. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  7. ^ Sardesai, Milind; Govekar, Ravikiran; Yadav, SR (2013). Field Guide to the Plants of Sahyadri and Konkan. Pune: Forest Department, Government of Maharashtra. p. 138.
  8. ^ Shrikant Ingalhallikar (November 2001). Flowers of Sahyadri. Pune: S. Ingalhallikar. p. 98.
  9. ^ Vardhana, Rashtra (2006-09-15). Floristic Plants of the World. Sarup & Sons. p. 206. ISBN 978-81-7625-651-3. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  10. ^ Rana, Shalika; Rawat, Kiran; Mahendru, Madhavi; Padwad, Yogendra; Pakade, Yogesh B.; Lal, Brij; Bhushan, Shashi (2015). "Screening of bioconstituents and in vitro cytotoxicity of Clematis gouriana leaves". Natural Product Research. 29 (23): 2242–2246. doi:10.1080/14786419.2014.1000891. PMID 25587822.
  11. ^ C.P. Khare (2008-04-22). Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-387-70637-5. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  12. ^ "Clematis gouriana**". Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka. Barberyn Ayurvedic Resorts and University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  13. ^ Pahari Hindi Shabdkosh. HPAACL.
[edit]
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