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{{Short description|Species of liverwort}}
{{Taxobox
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
⚫
| status = LR/lc | status_system = IUCN2.3
{{Speciesbox
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
| image = Marsupella profunda.jpg
| divisio = [[Marchantiophyta]]
| status = VU
| classis = [[Jungermanniopsida]]
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| ordo = [[Jungermanniales]]
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Sergio, C. |author2=Bergamini, A. |author3=Garcia, C. |author4=Garilleti, R. |author5=Infante, M. |author6=Porley, R.D. |date=2019 |title=''Marsupella profunda'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T39195A87726839 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T39195A87726839.en}}</ref>
| familia = [[Gymnomitriaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Marsupella]]''
| genus = Marsupella
| species = '''''M. profunda'''''
| species = profunda
| authority = [[Sextus Otto Lindberg|Lindb.]]
⚫
| binomial = ''Marsupella profunda''
| binomial_authority = Lindb.
}}
}}


'''''Marsupella profunda''''', the '''western rustwort''',<ref name=BBS>{{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Sean R.|date=2012|title=English Names for British Bryophytes|location=Wootton, Northampton|publisher=British Bryological Society|isbn=978-0-9561310-2-7|issn=0268-8034|series=British Bryological Society Special Volume|volume=5|edition=4th}}</ref> is a [[Marchantiophyta|liverwort]] native to Europe and known only from [[Portugal]] ([[Mainland Portugal|Mainland]], [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]]) and [[Great Britain]] ([[Cornwall]]) and has been sighted in the [[Canary Islands]].<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /><ref name=JNCC>{{cite web|title=1390 Western rustwort|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/species.asp?FeatureIntCode=S1390|publisher=[[Joint Nature Conservation Committee]]|accessdate=28 January 2012}}</ref> It is a small reddish liverwort and can be confused with ''[[Marsupella sprucei]]'' which has a more widespread distribution.<ref name=JNCC/>
'''''Marsupella profunda''''' ('''Western Rustwort''') is a plant species of [[Marchantiophyta|liverwort]].


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
''Marsupella profunda'' is a [[saxicolous]] plant, commonly found on open but shady sites, in wet rock crevices or on slopes.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /> It has a very [[disjunct population]], from [[Santa Maria Island]] and [[Madeira Island]] in [[Macaronesia]] to mountainous areas in [[Continental Portugal]], to [[Cornwall]] in [[England]]. The species was also sighted in [[La Palma]] on the [[Canary Islands]] though its presence on the archipelago is not confirmed.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" />
⚫
The species is rare in a British context; it is known from just three locations, all in west [[Cornwall]]. These three sites [[Lower Bostraze and Leswidden SSSI|Lower Bostraze and Leswidden]], [[St Austell Clay Pits]] and [[Tregonning Hill]] are all protected as [[Sites of Special Scientific Interest]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lower Bostraze And Leswidden|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000182.pdf|publisher=[[Natural England]]|accessdate=11 January 2012|year=1996}}</ref><ref name=StAustell>{{cite web|title=St Austell Clay Pits|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000425.pdf|publisher=[[Natural England]]|accessdate=11 January 2012|year=2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tregonning Hill|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1007148.pdf|publisher=[[Natural England]]|accessdate=11 January 2012|year=1994}}</ref> It is also internationally rare, being known only from [[Portugal]], the [[Canary Islands]], the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]]; throughout this range it is a vulnerable species.<ref>{{cite web|title=1390 Western rustwort|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/species.asp?FeatureIntCode=S1390|publisher=[[Joint Nature Conservation Committee]]|accessdate=12 January 2012}}</ref>


Less than 1000 individuals are known, occupying an area of about {{convert|208|sqkm|sqmi}} from {{convert|100|to|1200|m|ft}} in altitude.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" />
Within Cornwall, Western Rustwort is generally found growing on micaceous or clay waste substrates which are flat or gently sloping. Some patches occur on granitic rocks,usually where these are soft or crumbling. It appears to be a pioneer species, the largest populations being found on surfaces showing the early stages of colonisation by other bryophytes and by vascular plants.<ref name=StAustell />

In Portugal the species is mainly reported from the [[Peneda-Gerês National Park]], the [[Serra da Estrela Natural Park]], the [[Serra de São Mamede Natural Park]], the [[Alvão Natural Park|Alvão]]/[[Serra do Marão|Marão]] ranges and, to some degree, the [[Serra de Monchique|Monchique Range]].<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" />

⚫
The species is rare in Britain; it is known from just ten locations, all in Cornwall. These sites at [[Lower Bostraze and Leswidden SSSI|Lower Bostraze and Leswidden]], [[St Austell Clay Pits]] and [[Tregonning Hill]], are all protected as [[Sites of Special Scientific Interest]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lower Bostraze And Leswidden |url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000182.pdf |publisher=[[Natural England]] |accessdate=11 January 2012 |year=1996 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024220421/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000182.pdf |archivedate=24 October 2012 }}</ref><ref name=StAustell>{{cite web|title=St Austell Clay Pits |url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000425.pdf |publisher=[[Natural England]] |accessdate=11 January 2012 |year=2000 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024225028/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/2000425.pdf |archivedate=24 October 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tregonning Hill|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1007148.pdf|publisher=[[Natural England]]|accessdate=11 January 2012|year=1994}}</ref>

Within Cornwall, western rustwort is generally found growing on micaceous or clay waste substrates which are flat or gently sloping. Some patches occur on granitic rocks, usually where these are soft or crumbling. It appears to be a [[pioneer species]], the largest populations being found on surfaces showing the early stages of colonisation by other [[bryophyte]]s and by vascular plants.<ref name=StAustell /> New plants develop and grow rapidly from spores, while older plants disappear as they are shaded out by surrounding vegetation.<ref name=JNCC/> It disappeared from at least six Cornish sites between 1971 and 2005 due to shading from European gorse (''[[Ulex europaeus]]'') and bramble (''[[Rubus fruticosus]]'' agg.)<ref>{{cite book|last=Holyoak|first=David T|title=Bryophytes. ''In'', Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly|year=2007|publisher=Croceago Press|location=Praze-an-Beeble|isbn=978-1-901685-01-5|pages=72–104|edition=Second}}</ref>


==Conservation==
==Conservation==
The species has several conservation designations. It is listed on Schedule 8 of the [[Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981]], in Appendix 1 of the [[Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats|Bern Convention]], and in Annex II of the [[European Community Habitats and Species Directive]].
This liverwort is rare in all parts of its range and is known from only a few sites in each locality where it is present. The species has several conservation designations. It is listed on Schedule 8 of the [[Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981]], in Appendix 1 of the [[Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats|Bern Convention]],<ref name=JNCC/> and as a 'priority species' in Annex II of the [[European Community Habitats and Species Directive]] (1992).<ref name=JNCC/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:31992L0043&from=EN|title=Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora |website=Eur-Lex |access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref>

Annex II means areas in which it occurs can be declared [[Special Areas of Conservation]], ''if'' these areas belong to one of the number of [[habitat]]s listed in Annex I of the directive.<ref name=":0"/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

* {{IUCN2006|assessors=Bryophyte Specialist Group|year=2000|id=39195|title=Marsupella profunda|downloaded=06 May 2006}}
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Marsupella profunda|''Marsupella profunda''}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5427188}}


[[Category:Jungermanniales]]
[[Category:Jungermanniales]]
[[Category:Least concern plants]]
[[Category:Flora of Portugal]]
[[Category:Flora of Madeira]]
[[Category:Flora of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Environment of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Environment of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Vulnerable plants]]

Latest revision as of 16:59, 24 March 2023

Marsupella profunda
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Marchantiophyta
Class: Jungermanniopsida
Order: Jungermanniales
Family: Gymnomitriaceae
Genus: Marsupella
Species:
M. profunda
Binomial name
Marsupella profunda

Marsupella profunda, the western rustwort,[2] is a liverwort native to Europe and known only from Portugal (Mainland, Azores and Madeira) and Great Britain (Cornwall) and has been sighted in the Canary Islands.[1][3] It is a small reddish liverwort and can be confused with Marsupella sprucei which has a more widespread distribution.[3]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Marsupella profunda is a saxicolous plant, commonly found on open but shady sites, in wet rock crevices or on slopes.[1] It has a very disjunct population, from Santa Maria Island and Madeira Island in Macaronesia to mountainous areas in Continental Portugal, to Cornwall in England. The species was also sighted in La Palma on the Canary Islands though its presence on the archipelago is not confirmed.[1]

Less than 1000 individuals are known, occupying an area of about 208 square kilometres (80 sq mi) from 100 to 1,200 metres (330 to 3,940 ft) in altitude.[1]

In Portugal the species is mainly reported from the Peneda-Gerês National Park, the Serra da Estrela Natural Park, the Serra de São Mamede Natural Park, the Alvão/Marão ranges and, to some degree, the Monchique Range.[1]

The species is rare in Britain; it is known from just ten locations, all in Cornwall. These sites at Lower Bostraze and Leswidden, St Austell Clay Pits and Tregonning Hill, are all protected as Sites of Special Scientific Interest.[4][5][6]

Within Cornwall, western rustwort is generally found growing on micaceous or clay waste substrates which are flat or gently sloping. Some patches occur on granitic rocks, usually where these are soft or crumbling. It appears to be a pioneer species, the largest populations being found on surfaces showing the early stages of colonisation by other bryophytes and by vascular plants.[5] New plants develop and grow rapidly from spores, while older plants disappear as they are shaded out by surrounding vegetation.[3] It disappeared from at least six Cornish sites between 1971 and 2005 due to shading from European gorse (Ulex europaeus) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.)[7]

Conservation

[edit]

This liverwort is rare in all parts of its range and is known from only a few sites in each locality where it is present. The species has several conservation designations. It is listed on Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, in Appendix 1 of the Bern Convention,[3] and as a 'priority species' in Annex II of the European Community Habitats and Species Directive (1992).[3][8]

Annex II means areas in which it occurs can be declared Special Areas of Conservation, if these areas belong to one of the number of habitats listed in Annex I of the directive.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Sergio, C.; Bergamini, A.; Garcia, C.; Garilleti, R.; Infante, M.; Porley, R.D. (2019). "Marsupella profunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39195A87726839. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T39195A87726839.en.
  2. ^ Edwards, Sean R. (2012). English Names for British Bryophytes. British Bryological Society Special Volume. Vol. 5 (4th ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society. ISBN 978-0-9561310-2-7. ISSN 0268-8034.
  3. ^ a b c d e "1390 Western rustwort". Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
  4. ^ "Lower Bostraze And Leswidden" (PDF). Natural England. 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  5. ^ a b "St Austell Clay Pits" (PDF). Natural England. 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  6. ^ "Tregonning Hill" (PDF). Natural England. 1994. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  7. ^ Holyoak, David T (2007). Bryophytes. In, Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (Second ed.). Praze-an-Beeble: Croceago Press. pp. 72–104. ISBN 978-1-901685-01-5.
  8. ^ a b "Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora". Eur-Lex. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
[edit]

Media related to Marsupella profunda at Wikimedia Commons

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