Thomas's fruit-eating bat: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of bat}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Thomas's fruit-eating bat |
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| image = |
| image = Dermanura watsoni.jpg |
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| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author= |
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Solari, S. |date=2016 |title=''Dermanura watsoni'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T99586593A21997358 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99586593A21997358.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| genus = Dermanura |
| genus = Dermanura |
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| species = watsoni |
| species = watsoni |
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| authority = ([[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1901) |
| authority = ([[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1901) |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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* ''Artibeus watsoni'' |
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* ''Artibeus incomitatus'' |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Thomas's fruit-eating bat''' (''Dermanura watsoni''), sometimes also popularly called '''Watson's fruit-eating bat''',<ref name = "Beolens"/> is a [[species]] of [[bat]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Phyllostomidae]].<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13801395 | page = 420 | heading = ''Artibeus watsoni''}}</ref> It is found |
'''Thomas's fruit-eating bat''' ('''''Dermanura watsoni'''''), sometimes also popularly called '''Watson's fruit-eating bat''',<ref name = "Beolens"/> is a [[species]] of [[bat]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Phyllostomidae]].<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13801395 | page = 420 | heading = ''Artibeus watsoni''}}</ref> It is found from southern Mexico, through Central America to Colombia. Its South American range is to the west of the [[Andes]].<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /> The species name is in honor of H. J. Watson, a plantation owner in western Panama who used to send specimens to the British [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], where [[Oldfield Thomas]] would often describe them.<ref name = "Beolens">{{Cite book |
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| last = Beolens | first = Bo |author2=Watkins, Michael |author3=Grayson, Michael |
| last = Beolens | first = Bo |author2=Watkins, Michael |author3=Grayson, Michael |
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| title = The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals |
| title = The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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This species was formerly placed in the genus ''[[Artibeus]]'', but was reclassified, based on mitochondrial [[cytochrome b]] gene sequence data, in 2004. ''Dermanura'', formerly a subgenus of ''Artibeus'', was elevated to a separate genus. The two genera cannot be differentiated by [[morphology (biology)|morphology]].<ref name=iucn/><ref name="Lim 2004">{{cite journal|last1=Lim|first1=B. K.|last2=Engstrom|first2=M. D.|last3=Lee|first3=T. E.|last4=Patton|first4=J. C.|last5=Bickham|first5=J. W.|title=Molecular Differentiation of Large Species of Fruit-Eating Bats (''Artibeus'') and Phylogenetic Relationships Based on the Cytochrome b Gene|journal= Acta Chiropterologica|volume= 6|issue= 1|year= 2004|pages= 1–12|doi= 10.3161/001.006.0101|s2cid=86707279}}</ref> |
This species was formerly placed in the genus ''[[Artibeus]]'', but was reclassified, based on mitochondrial [[cytochrome b]] gene sequence data, in 2004. ''Dermanura'', formerly a subgenus of ''Artibeus'', was elevated to a separate genus. The two genera cannot be differentiated by [[morphology (biology)|morphology]].<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /><ref name="Lim 2004">{{cite journal|last1=Lim|first1=B. K.|last2=Engstrom|first2=M. D.|last3=Lee|first3=T. E.|last4=Patton|first4=J. C.|last5=Bickham|first5=J. W.|title=Molecular Differentiation of Large Species of Fruit-Eating Bats (''Artibeus'') and Phylogenetic Relationships Based on the Cytochrome b Gene|journal= Acta Chiropterologica|volume= 6|issue= 1|year= 2004|pages= 1–12|doi= 10.3161/001.006.0101|s2cid=86707279|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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===Population on Isla Escudo de Veraguas=== |
===Population on Isla Escudo de Veraguas=== |
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The population on the small (3.4 km<sup>2</sup>) island [[Isla Escudo de Veraguas]] off the |
The population on the small (3.4 km<sup>2</sup>) island [[Isla Escudo de Veraguas]] off the Caribbean coast of Panama was classified as a separate species within the genus (''D. incomitata'', the solitary fruit-eating bat) in 1994.<ref name = "Kalko1994">{{cite journal |last1= Kalko |first1= E.K.V. |last2= Handley |first2= C.O. Jr. |title= Evolution, biogeography, and description of a new species of fruit-eating bat, genus ''Artibeus'' Leach (1821), from Panama |journal= Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume= 59 |pages= 257–273 |date= 1994 |url= https://archive.org/details/biostor-140856 |access-date = 2018-05-20}}</ref><ref name = MSW3b>{{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13801366 | page = 418 |heading = ''Artibeus incomitatus''}}</ref> It had been evaluated as critically endangered by the IUCN, being threatened by habitat loss in addition to the tiny size of its range,<ref name=iucn_incomitatus>{{cite iucn | author = Pino, J. | author2 = Samudio, R. | title = ''Artibeus incomitatus'' | volume= 2012 | year = 2012 | url = https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2133/0 | access-date = 17 May 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121114032149/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2133/0| archive-date= 2012-11-14| url-status= dead}}</ref> as well as a species in danger of imminent [[extinction]] by the [[Alliance for Zero Extinction]].<ref name="strategy plan">{{cite web |url=http://www.batcon.org/pdfs/BCI%20Strategic%20Plan%202013.pdf |title=A Five-Year Plan for Global Bat Conservation |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=October 2013 |website=batcon.org |publisher=Bat Conservation International |access-date=May 1, 2017 |archive-date=April 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417043325/http://www.batcon.org/pdfs/BCI%20Strategic%20Plan%202013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was transferred to ''D. watsoni'' in 2009, based on cytochrome b data that showed it nested within ''watsoni''.<ref name="Solari2009">{{cite journal|last1= Solari|first1= S.|last2= Hoofer|first2=S. R.|last3= Larsen|first3=P. A.|last4= Brown|first4=A. D.|last5= Bull|first5=R. J.|last6= Guerrero|first6=J. A.|last7= Ortega|first7= J.|last8= Carrera|first8=J. P.|last9= Bradley|first9=R. D.|last10= Baker|first10=R. J.|title= Operational Criteria for Genetically Defined Species: Analysis of the Diversification of the Small Fruit-Eating Bats, ''Dermanura'' (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) |journal=Acta Chiropterologica|volume= 11|issue= 2|year= 2009|pages= 279–288|doi= 10.3161/150811009X485521|s2cid= 15355333}}</ref> The IUCN has followed this recommendation.<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /> Solari ''et al.'' (2009) described it as the subspecies ''D. w. incomitata''. They stated that "The paraphyly and specific status of watsoni/incomitata is not easily resolved" and suggested that nuclear DNA sequence comparisons would be useful.<ref name="Solari2009" /> The only morphological distinction between the island and mainland populations noted was differences in the cusps of the lower molars, while the DNA sequence divergence of 3.6% is less than typical for [[sister species]] in the genus.<ref name="Solari2009" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 12:02, 29 March 2023
| Thomas's fruit-eating bat | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Phyllostomidae |
| Genus: | Dermanura |
| Species: | D. watsoni
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| Binomial name | |
| Dermanura watsoni (Thomas, 1901)
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| Synonyms | |
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Thomas's fruit-eating bat (Dermanura watsoni), sometimes also popularly called Watson's fruit-eating bat,[2] is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae.[3] It is found from southern Mexico, through Central America to Colombia. Its South American range is to the west of the Andes.[1] The species name is in honor of H. J. Watson, a plantation owner in western Panama who used to send specimens to the British Natural History Museum, where Oldfield Thomas would often describe them.[2][4]
Taxonomy
[edit]This species was formerly placed in the genus Artibeus, but was reclassified, based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence data, in 2004. Dermanura, formerly a subgenus of Artibeus, was elevated to a separate genus. The two genera cannot be differentiated by morphology.[1][5]
Population on Isla Escudo de Veraguas
[edit]The population on the small (3.4 km2) island Isla Escudo de Veraguas off the Caribbean coast of Panama was classified as a separate species within the genus (D. incomitata, the solitary fruit-eating bat) in 1994.[6][7] It had been evaluated as critically endangered by the IUCN, being threatened by habitat loss in addition to the tiny size of its range,[8] as well as a species in danger of imminent extinction by the Alliance for Zero Extinction.[9] It was transferred to D. watsoni in 2009, based on cytochrome b data that showed it nested within watsoni.[10] The IUCN has followed this recommendation.[1] Solari et al. (2009) described it as the subspecies D. w. incomitata. They stated that "The paraphyly and specific status of watsoni/incomitata is not easily resolved" and suggested that nuclear DNA sequence comparisons would be useful.[10] The only morphological distinction between the island and mainland populations noted was differences in the cusps of the lower molars, while the DNA sequence divergence of 3.6% is less than typical for sister species in the genus.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Solari, S. (2016). "Dermanura watsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T99586593A21997358. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99586593A21997358.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ a b Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2009-09-28). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 440. ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9. OCLC 270129903.
- ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Artibeus watsoni". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Goldman, Edward Alphonso (1920). Mammals of Panama. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. (see p. 16).
- ^ Lim, B. K.; Engstrom, M. D.; Lee, T. E.; Patton, J. C.; Bickham, J. W. (2004). "Molecular Differentiation of Large Species of Fruit-Eating Bats (Artibeus) and Phylogenetic Relationships Based on the Cytochrome b Gene". Acta Chiropterologica. 6 (1): 1–12. doi:10.3161/001.006.0101. S2CID 86707279.
- ^ Kalko, E.K.V.; Handley, C.O. Jr. (1994). "Evolution, biogeography, and description of a new species of fruit-eating bat, genus Artibeus Leach (1821), from Panama". Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 59: 257–273. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
- ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Artibeus incomitatus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 418. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Pino, J.; Samudio, R. (2012). "Artibeus incomitatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- ^ "A Five-Year Plan for Global Bat Conservation" (PDF). batcon.org. Bat Conservation International. October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- ^ a b c Solari, S.; Hoofer, S. R.; Larsen, P. A.; Brown, A. D.; Bull, R. J.; Guerrero, J. A.; Ortega, J.; Carrera, J. P.; Bradley, R. D.; Baker, R. J. (2009). "Operational Criteria for Genetically Defined Species: Analysis of the Diversification of the Small Fruit-Eating Bats, Dermanura (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)". Acta Chiropterologica. 11 (2): 279–288. doi:10.3161/150811009X485521. S2CID 15355333.