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{{short description|IP licensing and technology R&D company}}
'''IPCom GmbH & Co. KG'''<ref> "GmbH" means "''[[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung]]''" (English: company with limited liability); "KG" means "''[[Kommanditgesellschaft]]''"; see also [[GmbH & Co. KG]]. </ref> (not to be confused with IP.com<ref name="register"> Bill Ray, [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/01/19/ipcom_patents/ ''High Court strikes down IPCom patents''], [[The Register]], January 19, 2010. Consulted on January 30, 2011.</ref>) is a [[Germany|German]] company that acquired in 2007 a [[patent portfolio|portfolio]] of [[mobile phone|mobile-technology]] [[patent]]s from [[Robert Bosch GmbH]] and then sought [[Royalties#Patent royalties|royalties]] from them.<ref name="bloomberg"> Erik Larson and James Lumley, [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-20/nokia-wins-london-appeals-court-ruling-invalidating-two-ipcom-patents.html ''Nokia Wins U.K. Ruling Invalidating Two IPCom Patents''], Bloomberg, January 20, 2011. Consulted on January 29, 2011.</ref> According to a judgment by the [[England and Wales Court of Appeal]], written by [[Lord Justice Jacob]], "IPCom is a "non practising entity", i.e. a patentee with no business of its own in products covered by the patents,"<ref name="judgement"> [http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2011/6.html Nokia GmbH v IPCOM GmbH & Co KG (2011) EWCA Civ 6 (20 January 2011)]</ref> whereas IPCom was reportedly asking for €12 billion from [[Nokia]].<ref name="judgement"/> IPCom is based in [[Pullach]], Germany,<ref name="bloomberg"/> and is backed by [[Fortress Investment Group]].<ref name="register"/>
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = IPCom GmbH & Co. KG
| logo =
| image = IPCom Office Pullach.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_caption = IPCom office in Pullach
| type = [[Kommanditgesellschaft|GmbH & Co. KG]]
| traded_as =
| founder =
| foundation = 2007<ref name="new entry CR">[https://www.unternehmensregister.de/ureg/result.html;jsessionid=0DD79D3F13EBC07756D7C96FE297A9BA.web03-1?submitaction=showDocument&id=271308 New entry in the german company registry]{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved on 23 February 2022.</ref>
| location = Zugspitzstr. 15, 82049 [[Pullach]], [[Germany]]
| area_served =
| key_people = Pio Suh, Martin Hans, Edward Tomlinson
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees = 12
| industry = [[Telecommunications]], intellectual property licensing
| products =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.ipcom-munich.com/}}
| subsid =
| parent =
}}


'''IPCom [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]] & Co. [[Kommanditgesellschaft|KG]]''' is a German [[intellectual property]] rights licensing and technology [[R&D]] company.<ref name="Ashurst blog">[https://www.ashurst.com/en/news-and-insights/legal-updates/frand-determination-stay-agreed-for-ipcom-v-nokia-trial/ FRAND determination stay agreed for IPCom v Nokia trial] Ashurst blog, Shreedevi Chatterjee</ref>
⚫
==References==

<!--This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cite/Cite.php -->
== History and business model ==
[[File:Pio Suh Managing Director.jpg|thumb |300px|Pio Suh, IPCom's Managing Director]]
The company was founded in 2007 by German patent lawyers Bernhard Frohwitter and Christoph Schoeller in [[Munich, Germany]].<ref name="new entry CR" /> Shortly after, the name was changed to ''IPCom Beteiligungs GmbH'' and its headquarters moved to nearby [[Pullach]].<ref>[https://www.unternehmensregister.de/ureg/result.html;jsessionid=0DD79D3F13EBC07756D7C96FE297A9BA.web03-1?submitaction=showDocument&id=411243 Company registry entry: IPCom Beteiligungs GmbH: changes], unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved 23 February 2022.</ref> The present ''IPCom GmbH & Co. KG'' was founded in 2009 as ''Profi-Start Beteiligungs GmbH''<ref>[https://www.unternehmensregister.de/ureg/result.html;jsessionid=0DD79D3F13EBC07756D7C96FE297A9BA.web03-1?submitaction=showDocument&id=3653810 Company Registry: new entry Profi-Start Beteiligungs GmbH], unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved 23 February 2022.</ref> and changed its name to its current name in 2011.<ref>[https://www.unternehmensregister.de/ureg/result.html;jsessionid=0DD79D3F13EBC07756D7C96FE297A9BA.web03-1?submitaction=showDocument&id=7825722 Company Registry: Changes], unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved 23 February 2022.</ref> In July 2018 Pio Suh, a German attorney, was appointed as the new Managing Director of IPCom. At the same time, Frohwitter and Schoeller resigned as shareholders of the company. Under Suh's tenure IPCom settled long-lasting disputes with various smartphone manufacturers as well as with network providers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klos |first=Mathieu |date=2020-08-19 |title=IPCom undergoes major management restructure |url=https://www.juve-patent.com/news-and-stories/people-and-business/ipcom-undergoes-major-management-restructure/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=JUVE Patent |language=en-US}}</ref>

IPCom acquires and monetizes intellectual property rights, especially [[patent]]s in the mobile communication sector. <ref>{{Cite web|title=IPCom {{!}} IP Consulting Company {{!}} Licensing Programs|url=https://www.ipcom-munich.com/licensing-programs|access-date=2022-02-23|website=IPCom|language=de}}</ref> 35 of which are considered [[Essential patent|standard essential patents (SEP)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPCom {{!}} Intellectual Property (IP) Consulting Company|url=https://www.ipcom-munich.com/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=IPCom|language=de}}</ref> The company licences patents according to [[FRAND]] standards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPCom {{!}} IP Consulting Company {{!}} Patent Licensing|url=https://www.ipcom-munich.com/patent-licensing|access-date=2022-02-23|website=IPCom|language=de}}</ref> In the time of its existence, IPCom has filed numerous law suits for patent infringements (see [[IPCom#Law suits|section on law suits]]). In 2014, the company established its own [[Research and development|R&D]] department.<ref name="Jahresabschluss 2018">[https://www.unternehmensregister.de/ureg/result.html;jsessionid=0DD79D3F13EBC07756D7C96FE297A9BA.web03-1?submitaction=showDocument&id=27738314 Jahresabschluss zum Geschäftsjahr vom 01.01.2018 bis zum 31.12.2018], unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved 23. February 2022.</ref> Through ongoing R&D activity, IPCom has also developed its own global 5G patent portfolio, with numerous applications currently pending.<ref name="Vanilla Plus article 2">[https://www.vanillaplus.com/2018/11/16/43472-will-monetise-ip-no-matter-much-costs-says-ipcom-managing-director/ We will monetise our IP no matter how much it costs, says IPCom managing director ]''Vanilla Plus'', George Malim</ref> In 2018, IPCom expanded its business activities with a new consulting service that assists companies in developing and monetizing patents.<ref name="Jahresabschluss 2018" />

== Law suits ==
In 2007, IPCom acquired a portfolio of mobile technology patents from [[Robert Bosch GmbH]], with the financial help of [[Fortress Investment Group]]. This comprised more than 160 patent families in 2G, 2.5G, 3G and LTE technologies, 30 of which are SEPs covering the USA, Europe and Asia. Technologies covered in the portfolio span areas including interface, MMS and digital rights management, applications, synchronization and packet data transmission.<ref name="Reuters article">{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ipcom-htc/patent-firm-sues-german-retailers-over-htc-phones-idUSTRE7BL0RZ20111222/ | title=Patent firm sues German retailers over HTC phones | date=22 December 2011 | publisher=Reuters | first1=Christoph | last1=Steitz | first2=Tarmo | last2=Virki | accessdate=23 November 2019 }}</ref> One of the central patents is from the 100 family, called 100A ([[European Patent Convention|EP]] 1 841 268). 100A relates to controlling how UMTS mobile phones gain initial access to a network. Since 2007, IPCom has sued several communications companies over infringements of this 100A patent,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Klos|first=Mathieu|date=2020-02-19|title=How IPCom kept the mobile phone industry on tenterhooks for 13 years|url=https://www.juve-patent.com/news-and-stories/people-and-business/how-ipcom-kept-the-mobile-phone-industry-on-tenterhooks-for-13-years/|access-date=2022-02-24|website=JUVE Patent}}</ref> and other patent families.

Backed by Fortress, IPCom sued [[Nokia]] for patent infringement of 8 patent families for € 12 billion ($18 billion at the time) in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-01-30|title=Fortress-backed company sues Nokia over patents|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nokia-patents-idLTAL3084752820080130|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> The lawsuit was later settled under undisclosed conditions.<ref name=":0" /> Also in 2008, IPCom filed a lawsuit against HTC. The conflict dragged until 2022, when the opponents finally reached an agreement. The legal conflict encompassed several lawsuits in Germany, the United Kingdom and at the [[European Patent Office]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Klos|first=Mathieu|date=2022-01-21|title=IPCom settles 15-year SEP dispute with HTC|url=https://www.juve-patent.com/news-and-stories/cases/ipcom-settles-15-year-sep-dispute-with-htc/|access-date=2022-02-24|website=JUVE Patent}}</ref> IPCom eventually sued retailer [[MediaSaturn Holding|MediaSaturn]] for selling HTC phones.<ref name=":0" /> Other lawsuits were filed against [[Deutsche Telekom]], which were settled in 2013, when Deutsche Telekom paid "several 100 million euros" to IPCom.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-03|title=Patentverwalter: IPCom schröpft Telekom um hunderte Millionen|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/dienstleister/patentverwalter-ipcom-schroepft-telekom-um-hunderte-millionen/8445124.html|access-date=2022-02-24|website=www.handelsblatt.com|language=de}}</ref> Another case that received media coverage was IPCom's unsuccessful lawsuit against [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] over € 1.6 billion in Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-02-28|title=German court dismisses IPCom patent claim against Apple|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26387803|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> IPCom filed a patent infringement lawsuit at the District Court of Fuzhou, China putting Apple under great pressure due to its exposure in China where supposedly all of its smartphones have been manufactured. Finally, IPCom secured a settlement with Apple, allegedly with an "eight-digit sum" in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bing|first=Zhao|date=2022-01-07|title=IPCom patent campaign against Apple in China appears to end with global settlement|url=https://www.iam-media.com/frandseps/ipcom-patent-campaign-against-apple-in-china-appears-end-global-settlement|access-date=2022-02-24|website=www.iam-media.com|language=en}}</ref> Other lawsuits concerned [[Vodafone]], [[Lenovo]], and [[Xiaomi]].<ref name=":0" />

Some of the patents have been invalidated by the courts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.com/sites/articles/2014/02/28/freshfields-hogan-lovells-knock-out-ipcoms-patent-claims/?slreturn=20141110063719|title=Freshfields, Hogan Lovells Knock Out IPCom's Patent Claims|author=Jan Wolfe|work=law.com}}</ref> including the German [[Federal Patent Court (Germany)|Federal Patent Court]].<ref name=":0" /> The 100A patent however was ultimately upheld by the Federal Patent Court in October 2019, dismissing a nullity action brought by Apple and HTC.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schulze|first=Christina|date=2019-10-15|title=IPCom's 100A patent upheld at Federal Patent Court|url=https://www.juve-patent.com/news-and-stories/cases/ipcoms-100a-patent-upheld-at-federal-patent-court/|access-date=2022-02-24|website=JUVE Patent}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
IPCom's litigation practice evoked widespread criticism. Before 2007, "[[Patent troll|patent trolls]]" were a mostly north American phenomenon. With their lawsuit against Nokia, demanding an unprecedented 12 billion euros, IPCom was seen the first European patent troll.<ref name=":0" /> In the subsequent lawsuits, the company was repeatedly called a patent troll.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=2014-02-28|title=German court dismisses $2 billion patent troll claim against Apple|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/28/5456272/german-court-dismisses-ipcom-apple-damage-claim|access-date=2022-02-24|website=The Verge|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Chicheportiche {{!}}|first=Par Olivier|date=2014-02-06|title=Le "patent troll" IPCom réclame 1,5 milliard de dollars à Apple|url=https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/le-patent-troll-ipcom-reclame-15-milliard-de-dollars-a-apple-39797646.htm|access-date=2022-02-24|website=ZDNet France|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Best|first=Michael|last2=Mueller|first2=Friedrich LLP-Lisa L.|date=2014-02-24|title=Patent trolls: a view from Europe|url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b3e33fad-bdc1-4224-be85-4f04cd5685f5|access-date=2022-02-24|website=Lexology|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-07-03|title=Telekom zahlt Hunderte Millionen Euro an Patent-Troll IPCom|language=de|work=Der Spiegel|url=https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/telekom-zahlt-hunderte-millionen-euro-an-patent-troll-ipcom-a-909323.html|access-date=2022-02-24|issn=2195-1349}}</ref> IPCom has always rejected these accusations.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-19|title=First days of IPCom: the battle with Nokia begins|url=https://www.juve-patent.com/news-and-stories/cases/the-battle-with-nokia-begins/|access-date=2022-02-24|website=JUVE Patent}}</ref> According to Germany-based legal magazine JUVE-Patent, IPCom founder Frohwitter made tactical mistakes during the first Nokia-trials, which made IPCom look too greedy and contributed to the company's bad reputation. JUVE-Patent editor Mathieu Klos believes that "IPCom has long since shed its dubious reputation as a patent troll".<ref name=":0" />
⚫
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite web |title=Antitrust: Commission welcomes IPCom's public FRAND declaration (MEMO/09/549) |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-09-549_en.htm |website=europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |location=Brussels |date=10 December 2009}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
*[http://www.ipcom-munich.com Official web site]
*[http://www.ipcom-munich.com Official web site]


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[[Category:Telecommunications companies of Germany]]
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{{Germany-company-stub}}
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[[Category:German companies established in 2007]]


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{{Germany-company-stub}}
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[[Category:Companies of Germany]]
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[[Category:Companies established in 2007]]

Latest revision as of 14:37, 31 March 2023

IPCom GmbH & Co. KG
Company typeGmbH & Co. KG
IndustryTelecommunications, intellectual property licensing
Founded2007[1]
HeadquartersZugspitzstr. 15, 82049 Pullach, Germany
Key people
Pio Suh, Martin Hans, Edward Tomlinson
Number of employees
12
Websitewww.ipcom-munich.com

IPCom GmbH & Co. KG is a German intellectual property rights licensing and technology R&D company.[2]

History and business model

[edit]
Pio Suh, IPCom's Managing Director

The company was founded in 2007 by German patent lawyers Bernhard Frohwitter and Christoph Schoeller in Munich, Germany.[1] Shortly after, the name was changed to IPCom Beteiligungs GmbH and its headquarters moved to nearby Pullach.[3] The present IPCom GmbH & Co. KG was founded in 2009 as Profi-Start Beteiligungs GmbH[4] and changed its name to its current name in 2011.[5] In July 2018 Pio Suh, a German attorney, was appointed as the new Managing Director of IPCom. At the same time, Frohwitter and Schoeller resigned as shareholders of the company. Under Suh's tenure IPCom settled long-lasting disputes with various smartphone manufacturers as well as with network providers.[6]

IPCom acquires and monetizes intellectual property rights, especially patents in the mobile communication sector. [7] 35 of which are considered standard essential patents (SEP).[8] The company licences patents according to FRAND standards.[9] In the time of its existence, IPCom has filed numerous law suits for patent infringements (see section on law suits). In 2014, the company established its own R&D department.[10] Through ongoing R&D activity, IPCom has also developed its own global 5G patent portfolio, with numerous applications currently pending.[11] In 2018, IPCom expanded its business activities with a new consulting service that assists companies in developing and monetizing patents.[10]

Law suits

[edit]

In 2007, IPCom acquired a portfolio of mobile technology patents from Robert Bosch GmbH, with the financial help of Fortress Investment Group. This comprised more than 160 patent families in 2G, 2.5G, 3G and LTE technologies, 30 of which are SEPs covering the USA, Europe and Asia. Technologies covered in the portfolio span areas including interface, MMS and digital rights management, applications, synchronization and packet data transmission.[12] One of the central patents is from the 100 family, called 100A (EP 1 841 268). 100A relates to controlling how UMTS mobile phones gain initial access to a network. Since 2007, IPCom has sued several communications companies over infringements of this 100A patent,[13] and other patent families.

Backed by Fortress, IPCom sued Nokia for patent infringement of 8 patent families for € 12 billion ($18 billion at the time) in 2008.[14] The lawsuit was later settled under undisclosed conditions.[13] Also in 2008, IPCom filed a lawsuit against HTC. The conflict dragged until 2022, when the opponents finally reached an agreement. The legal conflict encompassed several lawsuits in Germany, the United Kingdom and at the European Patent Office.[15] IPCom eventually sued retailer MediaSaturn for selling HTC phones.[13] Other lawsuits were filed against Deutsche Telekom, which were settled in 2013, when Deutsche Telekom paid "several 100 million euros" to IPCom.[16] Another case that received media coverage was IPCom's unsuccessful lawsuit against Apple over € 1.6 billion in Germany.[17] IPCom filed a patent infringement lawsuit at the District Court of Fuzhou, China putting Apple under great pressure due to its exposure in China where supposedly all of its smartphones have been manufactured. Finally, IPCom secured a settlement with Apple, allegedly with an "eight-digit sum" in 2022.[18] Other lawsuits concerned Vodafone, Lenovo, and Xiaomi.[13]

Some of the patents have been invalidated by the courts,[19] including the German Federal Patent Court.[13] The 100A patent however was ultimately upheld by the Federal Patent Court in October 2019, dismissing a nullity action brought by Apple and HTC.[20]

Controversy

[edit]

IPCom's litigation practice evoked widespread criticism. Before 2007, "patent trolls" were a mostly north American phenomenon. With their lawsuit against Nokia, demanding an unprecedented 12 billion euros, IPCom was seen the first European patent troll.[13] In the subsequent lawsuits, the company was repeatedly called a patent troll.[21][22][23][24] IPCom has always rejected these accusations.[25] According to Germany-based legal magazine JUVE-Patent, IPCom founder Frohwitter made tactical mistakes during the first Nokia-trials, which made IPCom look too greedy and contributed to the company's bad reputation. JUVE-Patent editor Mathieu Klos believes that "IPCom has long since shed its dubious reputation as a patent troll".[13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b New entry in the german company registry[permanent dead link‍], unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved on 23 February 2022.
  2. ^ FRAND determination stay agreed for IPCom v Nokia trial Ashurst blog, Shreedevi Chatterjee
  3. ^ Company registry entry: IPCom Beteiligungs GmbH: changes, unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved 23 February 2022.
  4. ^ Company Registry: new entry Profi-Start Beteiligungs GmbH, unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved 23 February 2022.
  5. ^ Company Registry: Changes, unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved 23 February 2022.
  6. ^ Klos, Mathieu (19 August 2020). "IPCom undergoes major management restructure". JUVE Patent. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  7. ^ "IPCom | IP Consulting Company | Licensing Programs". IPCom (in German). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  8. ^ "IPCom | Intellectual Property (IP) Consulting Company". IPCom (in German). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  9. ^ "IPCom | IP Consulting Company | Patent Licensing". IPCom (in German). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  10. ^ a b Jahresabschluss zum Geschäftsjahr vom 01.01.2018 bis zum 31.12.2018, unternehmensregister.de, last retrieved 23. February 2022.
  11. ^ We will monetise our IP no matter how much it costs, says IPCom managing director Vanilla Plus, George Malim
  12. ^ Steitz, Christoph; Virki, Tarmo (22 December 2011). "Patent firm sues German retailers over HTC phones". Reuters. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Klos, Mathieu (19 February 2020). "How IPCom kept the mobile phone industry on tenterhooks for 13 years". JUVE Patent. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  14. ^ "Fortress-backed company sues Nokia over patents". Reuters. 30 January 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  15. ^ Klos, Mathieu (21 January 2022). "IPCom settles 15-year SEP dispute with HTC". JUVE Patent. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Patentverwalter: IPCom schröpft Telekom um hunderte Millionen". www.handelsblatt.com (in German). 3 July 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  17. ^ "German court dismisses IPCom patent claim against Apple". BBC News. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  18. ^ Bing, Zhao (7 January 2022). "IPCom patent campaign against Apple in China appears to end with global settlement". www.iam-media.com. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  19. ^ Jan Wolfe. "Freshfields, Hogan Lovells Knock Out IPCom's Patent Claims". law.com.
  20. ^ Schulze, Christina (15 October 2019). "IPCom's 100A patent upheld at Federal Patent Court". JUVE Patent. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  21. ^ Warren, Tom (28 February 2014). "German court dismisses $2 billion patent troll claim against Apple". The Verge. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  22. ^ Chicheportiche |, Par Olivier (6 February 2014). "Le "patent troll" IPCom réclame 1,5 milliard de dollars à Apple". ZDNet France (in French). Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  23. ^ Best, Michael; Mueller, Friedrich LLP-Lisa L. (24 February 2014). "Patent trolls: a view from Europe". Lexology. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  24. ^ "Telekom zahlt Hunderte Millionen Euro an Patent-Troll IPCom". Der Spiegel (in German). 3 July 2013. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  25. ^ "First days of IPCom: the battle with Nokia begins". JUVE Patent. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2022.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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