Rhodium(III) oxide: Difference between revisions

Rhodium(III) oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12036-35-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.666
EC Number	234-846-9;
PubChem CID	159409;
UNII	6PYI3777JI ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80276468 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3O.2Rh/q3-2;2+3;
	SMILES [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Rh+3].[Rh+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	Rh2O3
Molar mass	253.8092 g/mol
Appearance	dark grey odorless powder
Density	8.20 g/cm3
Melting point	1,100 °C (2,010 °F; 1,370 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	insoluble
Solubility	insoluble in aqua regia
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	+104.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	hexagonal (corundum)
Space group	R3c
Lattice constant	a = 512.7 pm (hexagonal setting), c = 1385.3 pm (hexagonal setting)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H302+H332, H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements	P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P312, P332+P313, P337+P313
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

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Rhodium(III) oxide (or Rhodium sesquioxide) is the inorganic compound with the formula Rh₂ O₃. It is a gray solid that is insoluble in ordinary solvents.

Structure

Rh₂O₃ has been found in two major forms. The hexagonal form adopts the corundum structure. It transforms into an orthorhombic structure when heated above 750 °C.^[1]

Production

Rhodium oxide can be produced via several routes:

Treating RhCl₃ with oxygen at high temperatures.^[3]
Rh metal powder is fused with potassium hydrogen sulfate. Adding sodium hydroxide results in hydrated rhodium oxide, which upon heating converts to Rh₂O₃.^[4]
Rhodium oxide thin films can be produced by exposing Rh layer to oxygen plasma.^[5]
Nanoparticles can be produced by the hydrothermal synthesis.^[6]

Physical properties

Rhodium oxide films behave as a fast two-color electrochromic system: Reversible yellow ↔ dark green or yellow ↔ brown-purple color changes are obtained in KOH solutions by applying voltage ~1 V.^[7]

Rhodium oxide films are transparent and conductive, like indium tin oxide (ITO) - the common transparent electrode, but Rh₂O₃ has 0.2 eV lower work function than ITO. Consequently, deposition of rhodium oxide on ITO improves the carrier injection from ITO thereby improving the electrical properties of organic light-emitting diodes.^[5]

Catalytic properties

Rhodium oxides are catalysts for hydroformylation of alkenes,^[8] N₂O production from NO,^[9] and the hydrogenation of CO.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b Coey, J. M. D. (1970-11-01). "The crystal structure of Rh₂O₃". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 26 (11). International Union of Crystallography (IUCr): 1876–1877. doi:10.1107/s0567740870005022. ISSN 0567-7408.
^ GHS: Alfa Aesar 011814 SDS (Feb 2021)
^ H. L. Grube (1963). "The Platinum Metals". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. NY: Academic Press. p. 1588.
^ Wold, Aaron; Arnott, Ronald J.; Croft, William J. (1963). "The Reaction of Rare Earth Oxides with a High Temperature Form of Rhodium(III) Oxide". Inorganic Chemistry. 2 (5). American Chemical Society (ACS): 972–974. doi:10.1021/ic50009a023. ISSN 0020-1669.
^ ^a ^b Kim, Soo Young; Baik, Jeong Min; Yu, Hak Ki; Kim, Kwang Young; Tak, Yoon-Heung; Lee, Jong-Lam (2005-08-15). "Rhodium-oxide-coated indium tin oxide for enhancement of hole injection in organic light emitting diodes". Applied Physics Letters. 87 (7). AIP Publishing: 072105. Bibcode:2005ApPhL..87g2105K. doi:10.1063/1.2012534. ISSN 0003-6951.
^ Mulukutla, Ravichandra S.; Asakura, Kiyotaka; Kogure, Toshihiro; Namba, Seitaro; Iwasawa, Yasuhiro (1999). "Synthesis and characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in mesoporous MCM-41". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 1 (8). Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC): 2027–2032. Bibcode:1999PCCP....1.2027M. doi:10.1039/a900588i. ISSN 1463-9076.
^ Gottesfeld, S. (1980). "The Anodic Rhodium Oxide Film: A Two-Color Electrochromic System". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 127 (2). The Electrochemical Society: 272. doi:10.1149/1.2129654. ISSN 0013-4651.
^ Pino, P.; Botteghi, C. (1977). "Aldehydes from olefins: cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde". Organic Syntheses. 57: 11. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.057.0011.
^ Mulukutla, Ravichandra S; Shido, Takafumi; Asakura, Kiyotaka; Kogure, Toshihiro; Iwasawa, Yasuhiro (2002). "Characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in MCM-41 and their catalytic performances for NO–CO reactions in excess O₂". Applied Catalysis A: General. 228 (1–2). Elsevier BV: 305–314. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00992-9. ISSN 0926-860X.
^ Watson, P; Somorjai, G. A. (1981). "The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces". Journal of Catalysis. 72 (2). Elsevier BV: 347–363. doi:10.1016/0021-9517(81)90018-x. ISSN 0021-9517.

[Coey1970-1] Coey, J. M. D. (1970-11-01). "The crystal structure of Rh₂O₃". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 26 (11). International Union of Crystallography (IUCr): 1876–1877. doi:10.1107/s0567740870005022. ISSN 0567-7408.

[2] GHS: Alfa Aesar 011814 SDS (Feb 2021)

[3] H. L. Grube (1963). "The Platinum Metals". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. NY: Academic Press. p. 1588.

[wold-4] Wold, Aaron; Arnott, Ronald J.; Croft, William J. (1963). "The Reaction of Rare Earth Oxides with a High Temperature Form of Rhodium(III) Oxide". Inorganic Chemistry. 2 (5). American Chemical Society (ACS): 972–974. doi:10.1021/ic50009a023. ISSN 0020-1669.

[apl-5] Kim, Soo Young; Baik, Jeong Min; Yu, Hak Ki; Kim, Kwang Young; Tak, Yoon-Heung; Lee, Jong-Lam (2005-08-15). "Rhodium-oxide-coated indium tin oxide for enhancement of hole injection in organic light emitting diodes". Applied Physics Letters. 87 (7). AIP Publishing: 072105. Bibcode:2005ApPhL..87g2105K. doi:10.1063/1.2012534. ISSN 0003-6951.

[6] Mulukutla, Ravichandra S.; Asakura, Kiyotaka; Kogure, Toshihiro; Namba, Seitaro; Iwasawa, Yasuhiro (1999). "Synthesis and characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in mesoporous MCM-41". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 1 (8). Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC): 2027–2032. Bibcode:1999PCCP....1.2027M. doi:10.1039/a900588i. ISSN 1463-9076.

[7] Gottesfeld, S. (1980). "The Anodic Rhodium Oxide Film: A Two-Color Electrochromic System". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 127 (2). The Electrochemical Society: 272. doi:10.1149/1.2129654. ISSN 0013-4651.

[8] Pino, P.; Botteghi, C. (1977). "Aldehydes from olefins: cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde". Organic Syntheses. 57: 11. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.057.0011.

[9] Mulukutla, Ravichandra S; Shido, Takafumi; Asakura, Kiyotaka; Kogure, Toshihiro; Iwasawa, Yasuhiro (2002). "Characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in MCM-41 and their catalytic performances for NO–CO reactions in excess O₂". Applied Catalysis A: General. 228 (1–2). Elsevier BV: 305–314. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00992-9. ISSN 0926-860X.

[10] Watson, P; Somorjai, G. A. (1981). "The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces". Journal of Catalysis. 72 (2). Elsevier BV: 347–363. doi:10.1016/0021-9517(81)90018-x. ISSN 0021-9517.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{chembox
+|Verifiedfields = changed
-|   Name = Rhodium(III) oxide
+|Watchedfields = changed
-|   ImageFile = Haematite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
+|verifiedrevid = 415279290
-<!-- | ImageSize = 200px -->
-|   ImageName = Rhodium(III) oxide
+|Name = Rhodium(III) oxide
+|ImageFile = Haematite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
-|   OtherNames =
+|ImageName = Rhodium(III) oxide
-| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
+|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
-|   CASNo = 12036-35-0
+|CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
-  }}
+|CASNo = 12036-35-0
-| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
+|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
-|   Formula = Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
+|UNII = 6PYI3777JI
-|   MolarMass = 253.8092 g/mol
+|PubChem = 159409
-|   Appearance = dark grey odorless powder
+|EINECS = 234-846-9
-|   Density = 8.20 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
+|InChI = 1S/3O.2Rh/q3*-2;2*+3
-|   Solubility = insoluble
+|SMILES = [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Rh+3].[Rh+3]
-|   SolubleOther = insoluble in [[aqua regia]]
+}}
-|   MeltingPt = 1100°C (decomposes)
+|Section2={{Chembox Properties
-|   BoilingPt =
+|Formula = Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
+|MolarMass = 253.8092 g/mol
+|Appearance = dark grey odorless powder
+|Density = 8.20 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
+|Solubility = insoluble
+|SolubleOther = insoluble in [[aqua regia]]
+|MeltingPtC = 1100
+|MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)
+|MagSus = +104.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
+}}
+|Section3={{Chembox Structure
+|Structure_ref = <ref name=Coey1970 />
+|CrystalStruct = [[Hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]] ([[corundum]])
+|SpaceGroup = R{{overline|3}}c
+|LattConst_a = 512.7 pm (hexagonal setting)
+|LattConst_c = 1385.3 pm (hexagonal setting)
+}}
+|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
+|GHSPictograms = {{GHS03}}{{GHS07}}
+|GHSSignalWord = danger
+|HPhrases = {{HPhrases|H315 |H319|H335|H302 + H332 }}
+|PPhrases = {{PPhrases|P301 + P330 + P331 |P312 |P304 + P340 | P302 + P352 |P337 + P313 |P280 |P332 + P313}}
+|EUPhrases = {{EUH-phrases|EUH032 }}
+|GHS_ref = <ref>GHS: [https://www.alfa.com/de/catalog/011814/ Alfa Aesar 011814] SDS (Feb 2021)</ref>
 }}
-| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
-|   Coordination =
-|   CrystalStruct = [[hexagonal]] ([[corundum]])
-  }}
-| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
-|   EUClass = not listed
-  }}
 }}
-'''Rhodium(III) oxide''' (or '''Rhodium sesquioxide''') is the [[chemical compound]] with the formula [[Rhodium|Rh<sub>2</sub>]][[Oxygen|O<sub>3</sub>]].
+'''Rhodium(III) oxide''' (or '''Rhodium sesquioxide''') is the [[inorganic compound]] with the formula [[Rhodium|Rh<sub>2</sub>]][[Oxide|O<sub>3</sub>]]. It is a gray solid that is insoluble in ordinary solvents.
 ==Structure==
-Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has been found in two major forms. The hexagonal form has the [[corundum]] structure. It transforms into an [[orthorhombic]] structure when heated above 750 °C.<ref>J. M. D. Coey "The crystal structure of Rh2O3" [http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740870005022 Acta Cryst. (1970). B26, 1876]</ref>
+Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has been found in two major forms. The hexagonal form adopts the [[corundum]] structure. It transforms into an [[orthorhombic]] structure when heated above 750&nbsp;°C.<ref name=Coey1970>{{cite journal | last=Coey | first=J. M. D. | title=The crystal structure of Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry | publisher=International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) | volume=26 | issue=11 | date=1970-11-01 | issn=0567-7408 | doi=10.1107/s0567740870005022 | pages=1876–1877}}</ref>
 ==Production==
 Rhodium oxide can be produced via several routes:
+* Treating RhCl<sub>3</sub> with oxygen at high temperatures.<ref>{{cite book|editor=G. Brauer|author=H. L. Grube|chapter=The Platinum Metals|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed.|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY|page=1588}}</ref>
-* Rh metal powder is fused potassium hydrogen sulfate. Adding sodium hydroxide results in hydrated rhodium oxide, which upon heating converts to Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> <ref name=wold>A. Wold et al. "The Reaction of Rare Earth Oxides with a High Temperature Form of Rhodium(III) Oxide" [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50009a023 Inorg. Chem. 2 (1963) 972]</ref>.
+* Rh metal powder is fused with [[potassium hydrogen sulfate]]. Adding [[sodium hydroxide]] results in [[hydrate]]d rhodium oxide, which upon heating converts to Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.<ref name=wold>{{cite journal | last=Wold | first=Aaron | last2=Arnott | first2=Ronald J. | last3=Croft | first3=William J. | title=The Reaction of Rare Earth Oxides with a High Temperature Form of Rhodium(III) Oxide | journal=Inorganic Chemistry | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=2 | issue=5 | year=1963 | issn=0020-1669 | doi=10.1021/ic50009a023 | pages=972–974}}</ref>
+* Rhodium oxide [[thin film]]s can be produced by exposing Rh layer to oxygen plasma.<ref name=apl/>
+* [[Nanoparticle]]s can be produced by the [[hydrothermal synthesis]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=Mulukutla | first=Ravichandra S. | last2=Asakura | first2=Kiyotaka | last3=Kogure | first3=Toshihiro | last4=Namba | first4=Seitaro | last5=Iwasawa | first5=Yasuhiro | title=Synthesis and characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in mesoporous MCM-41 | journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics | publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) | volume=1 | issue=8 | year=1999 | issn=1463-9076 | doi=10.1039/a900588i | pages=2027–2032| bibcode=1999PCCP....1.2027M}}</ref>
-* Rhodium oxide thin films can be produced by exposing Rh layer to oxygen plasma <ref name=apl/>.
-* Nanoparticles can be produced by the [[hydrothermal synthesis]] <ref>R. S. Mulukutla "Synthesis and characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in
-mesoporous MCM-41" [http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a900588i Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1 (1999) 2027]</ref>.
 ==Physical properties==
-Rhodium oxide films behave as a fast two-color [[Electrochromism|electrochromic]] system: Reversible yellow ↔ dark green or yellow ↔ brown-purple color changes are obtained in KOH solutions by applying voltage ~1 V <ref>S. Gottesfeld "The Anodic Rhodium Oxide Film: A Two-Color
+Rhodium oxide films behave as a fast two-color [[Electrochromism|electrochromic]] system: Reversible yellow ↔ dark green or yellow ↔ brown-purple color changes are obtained in [[potassium hydroxide|KOH]] solutions by applying voltage ~1 [[volt|V]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=Gottesfeld | first=S. | title=The Anodic Rhodium Oxide Film: A Two-Color Electrochromic System | journal=Journal of the Electrochemical Society | publisher=The Electrochemical Society | volume=127 | issue=2 | year=1980 | issn=0013-4651 | doi=10.1149/1.2129654 | page=272}}</ref>
-Electrochromic System" [http://link.aip.org/link/?JESOAN/127/272/1 J. Electrochem. Soc. 127 (1980) 272]</ref>.
-Rhodium oxide films is a transparent, conducting material like [[indium tin oxide]] (ITO) - the common transparent electrode, but Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has 0.2 eV lower [[work function]] than ITO. Consequently, deposition of rhodium oxide on ITO improves the carrier injection from ITO thereby improving the electrical properties of [[organic light emitting diodes]] <ref name=apl>S. Y. Kim et al. "Rhodium-oxide-coated indium tin oxide for enhancement of hole injection
+Rhodium oxide films are transparent and conductive, like [[indium tin oxide]] (ITO) - the common transparent electrode, but Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has 0.2 eV lower [[work function]] than ITO. Consequently, deposition of rhodium oxide on ITO improves the carrier injection from ITO thereby improving the electrical properties of [[organic light-emitting diode]]s.<ref name=apl>{{cite journal | last=Kim | first=Soo Young | last2=Baik | first2=Jeong Min | last3=Yu | first3=Hak Ki | last4=Kim | first4=Kwang Young | last5=Tak | first5=Yoon-Heung | last6=Lee | first6=Jong-Lam | title=Rhodium-oxide-coated indium tin oxide for enhancement of hole injection in organic light emitting diodes | journal=Applied Physics Letters | publisher=AIP Publishing | volume=87 | issue=7 | date=2005-08-15 | issn=0003-6951 | doi=10.1063/1.2012534 | page=072105| bibcode=2005ApPhL..87g2105K | url=https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/7384}}</ref>
-in organic light emitting diodes" [http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/87/072105/1 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 (2005) 072105 ]</ref>.
+==Catalytic properties==
-==Applications==
+Rhodium oxides are [[catalyst]]s for [[hydroformylation]] of alkenes,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pino|first1=P.|last2=Botteghi|first2=C.|title=Aldehydes from olefins: cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde|journal=Organic Syntheses|date=1977|volume=57|page=11|doi=10.15227/orgsyn.057.0011}}</ref> [[nitrous oxide|N<sub>2</sub>O]] production from [[nitric oxide|NO]],<ref>{{cite journal | last=Mulukutla | first=Ravichandra S | last2=Shido | first2=Takafumi | last3=Asakura | first3=Kiyotaka | last4=Kogure | first4=Toshihiro | last5=Iwasawa | first5=Yasuhiro | title=Characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in MCM-41 and their catalytic performances for NO–CO reactions in excess O<sub>2</sub> | journal=Applied Catalysis A: General | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=228 | issue=1–2 | year=2002 | issn=0926-860X | doi=10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00992-9 | pages=305–314}}</ref> and the [[hydrogenation]] of [[carbon monoxide|CO]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=Watson| first=P |first2=G. A. |last2=Somorjai| title=The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces | journal=Journal of Catalysis | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=72 | issue=2 | year=1981 | issn=0021-9517 | doi=10.1016/0021-9517(81)90018-x | pages=347–363| url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/861193km}}</ref>
-The major application of rhodium oxides is in [[catalyst]]s, e.g. for the conversion of CO <ref>P. R. Watson and G. A. Somorjai "The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces" [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(81)90018-X Journal of Catalysis 72 (1981) 347]</ref> or NO gases <ref>R. S. Mulukutla "Characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in MCM-41 and their catalytic performances for NO–CO reactions in excess O2" [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00992-9 Applied Catalysis A: 228 (2002) 305]</ref>
-==Safety==
-Conditions/substances to avoid are: extreme [[heat]], [[organic solvent]]s, [[hydrochloric acid]], [[hydrosulfuric acid]] and [[ammonia]].
 ==See also==
 *[[Rhodium]]
 *[[Rhodium(IV) oxide]]
+*[[Rhodium-platinum oxide]]
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
+{{Rhodium compounds}}
-[[Category:Oxides]]
+{{Oxides}}
-[[Category:Rhodium compounds]]
-[[Category:Inorganic compound stubs]]
+[[Category:Transition metal oxides]]
+[[Category:Rhodium(III) compounds]]
 [[Category:Sesquioxides]]
+[[Category:Chromism]]
-{{inorganic-compound-stub}}

v t e Oxides
Mixed oxidation states	Antimony tetroxide (Sb₂O₄) Boron suboxide (B₁₂O₂) Carbon suboxide (C₃O₂) Chlorine perchlorate (Cl₂O₄) Chloryl perchlorate (Cl₂O₆) Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co₃O₄) Dichlorine pentoxide (Cl₂O₅) Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe₃O₄) Lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb₃O₄) Manganese(II,III) oxide (Mn₃O₄) Mellitic anhydride (C₁₂O₉) Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide (Pr₆O₁₁) Silver(I,III) oxide (Ag₂O₂) Terbium(III,IV) oxide (Tb₄O₇) Tribromine octoxide (Br₃O₈) Triuranium octoxide (U₃O₈)
+1 oxidation state	Aluminium(I) oxide (Al₂O) Copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O) Caesium monoxide (Cs₂O) Dibromine monoxide (Br₂O) Dicarbon monoxide (C₂O) Dichlorine monoxide (Cl₂O) Gallium(I) oxide (Ga₂O) Iodine(I) oxide (I₂O) Lithium oxide (Li₂O) Mercury(I) oxide (Hg₂O) Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Potassium oxide (K₂O) Rubidium oxide (Rb₂O) Silver oxide (Ag₂O) Thallium(I) oxide (Tl₂O) Sodium oxide (Na₂O) Water (hydrogen oxide) (H₂O)
+2 oxidation state	Aluminium(II) oxide (AlO) Barium oxide (BaO) Berkelium monoxide (BkO) Beryllium oxide (BeO) Boron monoxide (BO) Bromine monoxide (BrO) Cadmium oxide (CdO) Calcium oxide (CaO) Carbon monoxide (CO) Chlorine monoxide (ClO) Chromium(II) oxide (CrO) Cobalt(II) oxide (CoO) Copper(II) oxide (CuO) Dinitrogen dioxide (N₂O₂) Europium(II) oxide (EuO) Germanium monoxide (GeO) Iron(II) oxide (FeO) Iodine monoxide (IO) Lead(II) oxide (PbO) Magnesium oxide (MgO) Manganese(II) oxide (MnO) Mercury(II) oxide (HgO) Nickel(II) oxide (NiO) Nitric oxide (NO) Niobium monoxide (NbO) Palladium(II) oxide (PdO) Phosphorus monoxide (PO) Polonium monoxide (PoO) Protactinium monoxide (PaO) Radium oxide (RaO) Silicon monoxide (SiO) Strontium oxide (SrO) Sulfur monoxide (SO) Disulfur dioxide (S₂O₂) Thorium monoxide (ThO) Tin(II) oxide (SnO) Titanium(II) oxide (TiO) Vanadium(II) oxide (VO) Yttrium(II) oxide (YO) Zirconium monoxide (ZrO) Zinc oxide (ZnO)
+3 oxidation state	Actinium(III) oxide (Ac₂O₃) Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) Americium(III) oxide (Am₂O₃) Antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) Arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) Berkelium(III) oxide (Bk₂O₃) Bismuth(III) oxide (Bi₂O₃) Boron trioxide (B₂O₃) Caesium sesquioxide (Cs₂O₃) Californium(III) oxide (Cf₂O₃) Cerium(III) oxide (Ce₂O₃) Chromium(III) oxide (Cr₂O₃) Cobalt(III) oxide (Co₂O₃) Dinitrogen trioxide (N₂O₃) Dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy₂O₃) Einsteinium(III) oxide (Es₂O₃) Erbium(III) oxide (Er₂O₃) Europium(III) oxide (Eu₂O₃) Gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd₂O₃) Gallium(III) oxide (Ga₂O₃) Gold(III) oxide (Au₂O₃) Holmium(III) oxide (Ho₂O₃) Indium(III) oxide (In₂O₃) Iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) Lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) Lutetium(III) oxide (Lu₂O₃) Manganese(III) oxide (Mn₂O₃) Neodymium(III) oxide (Nd₂O₃) Nickel(III) oxide (Ni₂O₃) Phosphorus trioxide (P₄O₆) Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr₂O₃) Promethium(III) oxide (Pm₂O₃) Rhodium(III) oxide (Rh₂O₃) Samarium(III) oxide (Sm₂O₃) Scandium oxide (Sc₂O₃) Terbium(III) oxide (Tb₂O₃) Thallium(III) oxide (Tl₂O₃) Thulium(III) oxide (Tm₂O₃) Titanium(III) oxide (Ti₂O₃) Tungsten(III) oxide (W₂O₃) Vanadium(III) oxide (V₂O₃) Ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb₂O₃) Yttrium(III) oxide (Y₂O₃)
+4 oxidation state	Americium dioxide (AmO₂) Berkelium(IV) oxide (BkO₂) Bromine dioxide (BrO₂) Californium dioxide (CfO₂) Carbon dioxide (CO₂) Carbon trioxide (CO₃) Cerium(IV) oxide (CeO₂) Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) Chromium(IV) oxide (CrO₂) Curium(IV) oxide (CmO₂) Dinitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄) Germanium dioxide (GeO₂) Iodine dioxide (IO₂) Iridium dioxide (IrO₂) Hafnium(IV) oxide (HfO₂) Lead dioxide (PbO₂) Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) Molybdenum dioxide (MoO₂) Neptunium(IV) oxide (NpO₂) Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) Niobium dioxide (NbO₂) Osmium dioxide (OsO₂) Platinum dioxide (PtO₂) Plutonium(IV) oxide (PuO₂) Polonium dioxide (PoO₂) Praseodymium(IV) oxide (PrO₂) Protactinium(IV) oxide (PaO₂) Rhenium(IV) oxide (ReO₂) Rhodium(IV) oxide (RhO₂) Ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO₂) Selenium dioxide (SeO₂) Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) Technetium(IV) oxide (TcO₂) Tellurium dioxide (TeO₂) Terbium(IV) oxide (TbO₂) Thorium dioxide (ThO₂) Tin dioxide (SnO₂) Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) Tungsten(IV) oxide (WO₂) Uranium dioxide (UO₂) Vanadium(IV) oxide (VO₂) Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂)
+5 oxidation state	Antimony pentoxide (Sb₂O₅) Arsenic pentoxide (As₂O₅) Bismuth pentoxide (Bi₂O₅) Dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅) Niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅) Phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) Protactinium(V) oxide (Pa₂O₅) Tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) Tungsten pentoxide (W₂O₅) Vanadium(V) oxide (V₂O₅)
+6 oxidation state	Chromium trioxide (CrO₃) Molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) Polonium trioxide (PoO₃) Rhenium trioxide (ReO₃) Selenium trioxide (SeO₃) Sulfur trioxide (SO₃) Tellurium trioxide (TeO₃) Tungsten trioxide (WO₃) Uranium trioxide (UO₃) Xenon trioxide (XeO₃)
+7 oxidation state	Dichlorine heptoxide (Cl₂O₇) Manganese heptoxide (Mn₂O₇) Rhenium(VII) oxide (Re₂O₇) Technetium(VII) oxide (Tc₂O₇)
+8 oxidation state	Iridium tetroxide (IrO₄) Osmium tetroxide (OsO₄) Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO₄) Xenon tetroxide (XeO₄) Hassium tetroxide (HsO₄)
Related	Oxocarbon Suboxide Oxyanion Ozonide Peroxide Superoxide Oxypnictide
Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides