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m Llammakey moved page USS General C. H. Muir (AP-142) to USS General C. H. Muir over redirect: only ship of name - no need for disambiguation, per WP:NC-SHIPS on article titles
 
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}


{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=USS General C. H. Muir (AP-142).jpg
|Ship image=USS General C. H. Muir (AP-142).jpg
|Ship caption=
|Ship caption=USS ''General C. H. Muir'' (AP-142)
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=United States
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1944}}
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1944}}
|Ship name=
|Ship name= ''General C. H. Muir''
|Ship namesake=[[Charles Henry Muir]]
|Ship namesake=[[Charles Henry Muir]]
|Ship owner=
|Ship owner=
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|Ship decommissioned=18 June 1946
|Ship decommissioned=18 June 1946
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship in service=*18 June 1946 (Army)<ref name=shiplist>{{cite web | url = http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsG.html | title = Ship Descriptions - G | work = The Ships List | date = | accessdate = 2007-11-17 | url-status=dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071111000153/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsG.html | archivedate = 11 November 2007 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
|Ship in service=*18 June 1946 (Army)<ref name=shiplist>{{cite web | url = http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsG.html | title = Ship Descriptions - G | work = The Ships List | access-date = 2007-11-17 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071111000153/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsG.html | archive-date = 11 November 2007 }}</ref>
*1 March 1950 (MSTS)
*1 March 1950 (MSTS)
|Ship out of service=*1 March 1950 (Army)
|Ship out of service=*1 March 1950 (Army)
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|Ship honors=
|Ship honors=
|Ship captured=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=scrapped<ref name=colton>{{cite web|url=http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/merchantshipbuilders/permanentenumber3.htm |title=Kaiser Company, Inc., Richmond No. 3 Yard, Richmond CA |publisher=Colton Company |date= |accessdate=2007-11-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713052135/http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/merchantshipbuilders/permanentenumber3.htm |archivedate=13 July 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> after 1985<ref name=shiplist />
|Ship fate=Scrapped<ref name=colton>{{cite web|url=http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/merchantshipbuilders/permanentenumber3.htm |title=Kaiser Company, Inc., Richmond No. 3 Yard, Richmond CA |publisher=Colton Company |access-date=2007-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713052135/http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/merchantshipbuilders/permanentenumber3.htm |archive-date=13 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> after 1985<ref name=shiplist />
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
|Ship badge=
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass-|General G. O. Squier|transport ship}}
|Ship class={{sclass|General G. O. Squier|transport ship}}
|Ship type=
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=9,950 tons (light), 17,250 tons (full)
|Ship displacement=9,950 tons (light), 17,250 tons (full)
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship length={{convert|522|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|522|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|71|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|71|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
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|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*4 × [[5"/38 caliber gun|5"/38 caliber]] [[gun mount]]s
|Ship armament=*4 × [[5"/38 caliber gun|5"/38 caliber]] [[gun mount]]s
*4 × [[Bofors 40 mm gun|40 mm]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|AA]] gun mounts
*4 × [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40 mm]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|AA]] gun mounts
*16 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20&nbsp;mm]] AA gun mounts
*16 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20&nbsp;mm]] AA gun mounts


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}}
}}
|}
|}
'''USS ''General C. H. Muir'' (AP-142)''' was a {{sclass-|General G. O. Squier|transport ship}} for the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] in [[World War II]]. The ship was crewed by the [[United States Coast Guard|U.S. Coast Guard]] until decommissioning.<ref name=USCG >{{cite web | url = http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/G_Muir.html | title = General C. H. Muir, AP-142 | publisher = Historian's Office, [[United States Coast Guard]] | date = August 2001 | accessdate = 2007-11-17 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> She was named in honor of [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] general [[Charles Henry Muir]]. She was transferred to the U.S. Army as '''USAT ''General C. H. Muir''''' in 1946. On 1 March 1950 she was transferred to the [[Military Sea Transportation Service]] (MSTS) as '''USNS ''General C. H. Muir'' (T-AP-142)'''. She was later sold for commercial operation under the names '''SS ''Chicago''''' and '''SS ''San Juan''''', and was scrapped<ref name=colton /> some time after 1985.<ref name=shiplist />
'''USS ''General C. H. Muir'' (AP-142)''' was a {{sclass|General G. O. Squier|transport ship}} for the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] in [[World War II]]. The ship was crewed by the [[United States Coast Guard|U.S. Coast Guard]] until decommissioning.<ref name=USCG >{{cite web | url = http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/G_Muir.html | title = General C. H. Muir, AP-142 | publisher = Historian's Office, [[United States Coast Guard]] | date = August 2001 | access-date = 2007-11-17 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> She was named in honor of [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] general [[Charles Henry Muir]]. She was transferred to the U.S. Army as '''USAT ''General C. H. Muir''''' in 1946. On 1 March 1950 she was transferred to the [[Military Sea Transportation Service]] (MSTS) as '''USNS ''General C. H. Muir'' (T-AP-142)'''. She was later sold for commercial operation under the names '''SS ''Chicago''''' and '''SS ''San Juan''''', and was scrapped<ref name=colton /> some time after 1985.<ref name=shiplist />


==Operational history==
==Operational history==
''General C. H. Muir'' (AP-142) was launched 24 November 1944 under [[United States Maritime Commission|Maritime Commission]] contract (MC #709) by [[Kaiser Shipyards|Kaiser Co., Inc.]], Yard 3, [[Richmond, California]]; sponsored by Mrs. John H. Deasy; acquired and commissioned 12 April 1945 at Portland, Captain J. D. Conway in command.
''General C. H. Muir'' (AP-142) was launched 24 November 1944 under [[United States Maritime Commission|Maritime Commission]] contract (MC #709) by [[Kaiser Shipyards|Kaiser Co., Inc.]], Yard 3, [[Richmond, California]]; sponsored by Mrs. John H. Deasy; acquired and commissioned 12 April 1945 at Portland.


Following shakedown off [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], ''General C. H. Muir'' departed 13 May from [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] for her first troop-carrying voyage to the war zones of the Pacific. The ship brought troops to [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Enewetak|Eniwetok]], [[Ulithi]], and [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]]; served briefly as a receiving ship in the [[Philippines]]; and returned to [[New York City|New York]] via the [[Panama Canal]] 14 August 1945. The long Pacific war over, ''General C. H. Muir'' sailed 3 September to pick up returning veterans at [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[Indian Ocean]] ports. She arrived New York 1 November, and then, retracing her steps to bring home another full contingent of troops, she finally returned New York 9 January 1946. The ship made three subsequent voyages, one to [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]] and two to Europe, before decommissioning at [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]] 18 June 1946. She was returned to the Maritime Commission on that day and turned over to the Army Transportation Service.
Following shakedown off [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], ''General C. H. Muir'' departed 13 May from [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] for her first troop-carrying voyage to the war zones of the Pacific. The ship brought troops to [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Enewetak|Eniwetok]], [[Ulithi]], and [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]]; served briefly as a receiving ship in the [[Philippines]]; and returned to [[New York City|New York]] via the [[Panama Canal]] 14 August 1945. The long Pacific war over, ''General C. H. Muir'' sailed 3 September to pick up returning veterans at [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[Indian Ocean]] ports. She arrived New York 1 November, and then, retracing her steps to bring home another full contingent of troops, she finally returned New York 9 January 1946. The ship made three subsequent voyages, one to [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]] and two to Europe, before decommissioning at [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]] 18 June 1946. She was returned to the Maritime Commission on that day and turned over to the Army Transportation Service.

On 16 June 1949 she left Bremerhaven, Germany and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on 24 June 1949.


Reacquired by the Navy 1 March 1950, ''General C. H. Muir'' began operations under [[Military Sea Transportation Service|MSTS]] and was re-designated T-AP-142.
Reacquired by the Navy 1 March 1950, ''General C. H. Muir'' began operations under [[Military Sea Transportation Service|MSTS]] and was re-designated T-AP-142.


On 16 March 1950 USNS ''General C. H. Muir'' arrived in [[Sydney]] with 1,278 [[displaced person]]s from Europe. This voyage was one of almost 150 "Fifth Fleet" voyages by some 40 ships bringing refugees of World War II to Australia. ''General C. H. Muir'' made one more such trip herself, arriving in [[Melbourne]] with 1,280 refugees on 26 October 1950. In Ancestry .com link she is mentioned arriving in New York carrying refugees from Bremen Germany 17 May 1951. On the list were 4 Latvian DPs.<ref name=5thfleetlist>{{cite web | url = http://www.fifthfleet.net/pb/wp_6a2460ca/wp_6a2460ca.html | title = Ships of the Fifth Fleet | first = Ann | last = Tündern-Smith | work = FifthFleet.net | date = 31 December 2006 | accessdate = 2007-11-17 }}</ref> In Ancestry .com link she is mentioned arriving in New York from Bremerhaven, Germany 26 April 1952.<ref name="Manifest of in-bound passengers (aliens)">{{cite web | url =http://wiz.ancestry.com/wiz/RecordImage/?recordId=30286180497488 | title = Manifest of in-bound passengers (aliens)| first = Paul J. | last = Wigowsky | date = 7 January 2014}}</ref>
On 16 March 1950 USNS ''General C. H. Muir'' arrived in [[Sydney]] with 1,278 [[displaced person]]s from Europe. This voyage was one of almost 150 "Fifth Fleet" voyages by some 40 ships bringing refugees of World War II to Australia. ''General C. H. Muir'' made one more such trip herself, arriving in [[Melbourne]] with 1,280 refugees on 26 October 1950. In Ancestry .com link she is mentioned arriving in New York carrying refugees from Bremen Germany 17 May 1951. On the list were 4 Latvian DPs.<ref name=5thfleetlist>{{cite web | url = http://www.fifthfleet.net/pb/wp_6a2460ca/wp_6a2460ca.html | title = Ships of the Fifth Fleet | first = Ann | last = Tündern-Smith | work = FifthFleet.net | date = 31 December 2006 | access-date = 2007-11-17 }}</ref> In Ancestry .com link she is mentioned arriving in New York from Bremerhaven, Germany 26 April 1952.<ref name="Manifest of in-bound passengers (aliens)">{{cite web | url =http://wiz.ancestry.com/wiz/RecordImage/?recordId=30286180497488 | title = Manifest of in-bound passengers (aliens)| first = Paul J. | last = Wigowsky | date = 7 January 2014}}</ref>


In addition to runs to Australia, the transport supported American forces in Europe, and on eastward crossings of the Atlantic brought back to the United States thousands of refugees under the [[International Refugee Organization]].
In addition to runs to Australia, the transport supported American forces in Europe, and on eastward crossings of the Atlantic brought back to the United States thousands of refugees under the [[International Refugee Organization]].
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In late 1952 the ship sailed from New York through the Mediterranean and thence through the [[Suez Canal]] bringing reinforcements to [[United Nations Command (Korea)|U.N. troops]] [[Korean War|fighting in Korea]]. She made another long rotation voyage, stopping at many European and Asian ports before being placed in Reduced Operational Status at New York 30 September 1953. In August 1954 ''General C. H. Muir'' steamed through the Panama Canal to San Francisco and sailed once more to Korea with replacement troops. Upon her return the ship was placed in the [[Pacific Reserve Fleet]] at San Diego, 7 February 1955. She was returned to the [[United States Maritime Administration|Maritime Administration]] in 1960. She entered the [[National Defense Reserve Fleet]] 30 June, and was berthed at [[Suisun Bay|Suisun Bay, California]] until 1968.<ref name=shiplist />
In late 1952 the ship sailed from New York through the Mediterranean and thence through the [[Suez Canal]] bringing reinforcements to [[United Nations Command (Korea)|U.N. troops]] [[Korean War|fighting in Korea]]. She made another long rotation voyage, stopping at many European and Asian ports before being placed in Reduced Operational Status at New York 30 September 1953. In August 1954 ''General C. H. Muir'' steamed through the Panama Canal to San Francisco and sailed once more to Korea with replacement troops. Upon her return the ship was placed in the [[Pacific Reserve Fleet]] at San Diego, 7 February 1955. She was returned to the [[United States Maritime Administration|Maritime Administration]] in 1960. She entered the [[National Defense Reserve Fleet]] 30 June, and was berthed at [[Suisun Bay|Suisun Bay, California]] until 1968.<ref name=shiplist />


At that time, the ship was sold under the MARAD Ship Exchange Program to [[Sea-Land Service, Inc.|Sea-Land Service]] of [[Wilmington, Delaware]]. In 1969 Sea Land had [[Todd Pacific Shipyards|Todd Shipyard]], [[Galveston, Texas|Galveston]] convert her to an 18,455-gross ton [[container ship]] named SS ''Chicago'', USCG ON 516542, IMO 6904806. The ship was sold in 1975 to Navieras de Puerto Rico, also known as the [[Puerto Rico Maritime Shipping Authority]], of [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], who renamed her SS ''San Juan''.<ref name=shiplist /> The veteran ship operated through 1985,<ref name=shiplist /> and was scrapped in 1988.<ref name=colton /><ref>Williams, 2013, pp. 130-131</ref><ref>Cudahy, 2006, pp. 263, 280</ref>
At that time, the ship was sold under the MARAD Ship Exchange Program to [[Sea-Land Service, Inc.|Sea-Land Service]] of [[Wilmington, Delaware]]. In 1969 Sea Land had [[Todd Pacific Shipyards|Todd Shipyard]], [[Galveston, Texas|Galveston]] convert her to an 18,455-gross ton [[container ship]] named SS ''Chicago'', USCG ON 516542, IMO 6904806. The ship was sold in 1975 to Navieras de Puerto Rico, also known as the [[Puerto Rico Maritime Shipping Authority]], of [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], who renamed her SS ''San Juan''.<ref name=shiplist /> The veteran ship operated through 1985,<ref name=shiplist /> and was scrapped in 1988.<ref name=colton /><ref>Williams, 2013, pp. 130–131</ref><ref>Cudahy, 2006, pp. 263, 280</ref>


''General C. H. Muir'' received two [[battle star]]s for Korean War service.
''General C. H. Muir'' received two [[battle star]]s for Korean War service.


The General Muir, restaurant and deli, Atlanta, Georgia, is named for this ship.<ref>{{cite web
A restaurant in the Druid Hills neighborhood of Atlanta is named "The General Muir" in remembrance of the ship that carried the grandparents of one of the co-owners from Germany to New York in 1949. They were Jewish displaced persons cleared for immigration into the United States.<ref>http://www.thegeneralmuir.com/general</ref>
| url = https://www.thegeneralmuir.com/
| title = The General Muir, restaurant and deli, Atlanta, Georgia
}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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== Sources ==
== Sources ==
* {{cite book| last=Cudahy |first=Brian J. |title=Box Boats: How Container Ships Changed the World |publisher= Fordham University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2569-9}}
* {{cite book| last=Cudahy |first=Brian J. |title=Box Boats: How Container Ships Changed the World | url=https://archive.org/details/boxboats00bria | url-access=registration |publisher= Fordham University Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8232-2569-9}}
* {{cite book| last=Williams |first= Greg H. |title=World War II U.S. Navy Vessels in Private Hands |publisher=McFarland Books |year=2013 |isbn= 978-0-7864-6645-0}}
* {{cite book| last=Williams |first= Greg H. |title=World War II U.S. Navy Vessels in Private Hands |publisher=McFarland Books |year=2013 |isbn= 978-0-7864-6645-0}}
* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/g2/general_c_h_muir.htm}}
* {{DANFS|https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/g/general-c-h-muir-ap-142.html}}


==External links==
==External links==
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{{General G. O. Squier class transport ship}}
{{General G. O. Squier class transport ship}}
{{Kaiser, Richmond Ship Yards}}
{{Kaiser, Permanente Metals, Richmond Shipyards}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:General C. H. Muir}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:General C. H. Muir}}

Latest revision as of 19:54, 9 April 2023

USS General C. H. Muir (AP-142)
History
United States
NameGeneral C. H. Muir
NamesakeCharles Henry Muir
Builder
Laid downdate unknown
Launched24 November 1944
Acquired12 April 1945
Commissioned12 April 1945
Decommissioned18 June 1946
In service
  • 18 June 1946 (Army)[1]
  • 1 March 1950 (MSTS)
Out of service
  • 1 March 1950 (Army)
  • 7 February 1955 (MSTS)
Renamed
  • SS Chicago, 1969[1]
  • SS San Juan, 1975[1]
ReclassifiedT-AP-142, 1 March 1950
IdentificationIMO number: 6904806
FateScrapped[2] after 1985[1]
General characteristics
Class and typeGeneral G. O. Squier-class transport ship
Displacement9,950 tons (light), 17,250 tons (full)
Length522 ft 10 in (159.36 m)
Beam71 ft 6 in (21.79 m)
Draft24 ft (7.32 m)
Propulsionsingle-screw steam turbine with 9,900 shp (7,400 kW)
Speed17 knots (31 km/h)
Capacity3,823 troops
Complement356 (officers and enlisted)
Armament

USS General C. H. Muir (AP-142) was a General G. O. Squier-class transport ship for the U.S. Navy in World War II. The ship was crewed by the U.S. Coast Guard until decommissioning.[3] She was named in honor of U.S. Army general Charles Henry Muir. She was transferred to the U.S. Army as USAT General C. H. Muir in 1946. On 1 March 1950 she was transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) as USNS General C. H. Muir (T-AP-142). She was later sold for commercial operation under the names SS Chicago and SS San Juan, and was scrapped[2] some time after 1985.[1]

Operational history

[edit]

General C. H. Muir (AP-142) was launched 24 November 1944 under Maritime Commission contract (MC #709) by Kaiser Co., Inc., Yard 3, Richmond, California; sponsored by Mrs. John H. Deasy; acquired and commissioned 12 April 1945 at Portland.

Following shakedown off San Diego, General C. H. Muir departed 13 May from San Francisco for her first troop-carrying voyage to the war zones of the Pacific. The ship brought troops to Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, Ulithi, and Leyte; served briefly as a receiving ship in the Philippines; and returned to New York via the Panama Canal 14 August 1945. The long Pacific war over, General C. H. Muir sailed 3 September to pick up returning veterans at Mediterranean and Indian Ocean ports. She arrived New York 1 November, and then, retracing her steps to bring home another full contingent of troops, she finally returned New York 9 January 1946. The ship made three subsequent voyages, one to New Orleans and two to Europe, before decommissioning at Baltimore 18 June 1946. She was returned to the Maritime Commission on that day and turned over to the Army Transportation Service.

On 16 June 1949 she left Bremerhaven, Germany and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on 24 June 1949.

Reacquired by the Navy 1 March 1950, General C. H. Muir began operations under MSTS and was re-designated T-AP-142.

On 16 March 1950 USNS General C. H. Muir arrived in Sydney with 1,278 displaced persons from Europe. This voyage was one of almost 150 "Fifth Fleet" voyages by some 40 ships bringing refugees of World War II to Australia. General C. H. Muir made one more such trip herself, arriving in Melbourne with 1,280 refugees on 26 October 1950. In Ancestry .com link she is mentioned arriving in New York carrying refugees from Bremen Germany 17 May 1951. On the list were 4 Latvian DPs.[4] In Ancestry .com link she is mentioned arriving in New York from Bremerhaven, Germany 26 April 1952.[5]

In addition to runs to Australia, the transport supported American forces in Europe, and on eastward crossings of the Atlantic brought back to the United States thousands of refugees under the International Refugee Organization.

In late 1952 the ship sailed from New York through the Mediterranean and thence through the Suez Canal bringing reinforcements to U.N. troops fighting in Korea. She made another long rotation voyage, stopping at many European and Asian ports before being placed in Reduced Operational Status at New York 30 September 1953. In August 1954 General C. H. Muir steamed through the Panama Canal to San Francisco and sailed once more to Korea with replacement troops. Upon her return the ship was placed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet at San Diego, 7 February 1955. She was returned to the Maritime Administration in 1960. She entered the National Defense Reserve Fleet 30 June, and was berthed at Suisun Bay, California until 1968.[1]

At that time, the ship was sold under the MARAD Ship Exchange Program to Sea-Land Service of Wilmington, Delaware. In 1969 Sea Land had Todd Shipyard, Galveston convert her to an 18,455-gross ton container ship named SS Chicago, USCG ON 516542, IMO 6904806. The ship was sold in 1975 to Navieras de Puerto Rico, also known as the Puerto Rico Maritime Shipping Authority, of San Juan, Puerto Rico, who renamed her SS San Juan.[1] The veteran ship operated through 1985,[1] and was scrapped in 1988.[2][6][7]

General C. H. Muir received two battle stars for Korean War service.

The General Muir, restaurant and deli, Atlanta, Georgia, is named for this ship.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Ship Descriptions - G". The Ships List. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
  2. ^ a b c "Kaiser Company, Inc., Richmond No. 3 Yard, Richmond CA". Colton Company. Archived from the original on 13 July 2007. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
  3. ^ "General C. H. Muir, AP-142". Historian's Office, United States Coast Guard. August 2001. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link‍]
  4. ^ Tündern-Smith, Ann (31 December 2006). "Ships of the Fifth Fleet". FifthFleet.net. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
  5. ^ Wigowsky, Paul J. (7 January 2014). "Manifest of in-bound passengers (aliens)".
  6. ^ Williams, 2013, pp. 130–131
  7. ^ Cudahy, 2006, pp. 263, 280
  8. ^ "The General Muir, restaurant and deli, Atlanta, Georgia".

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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