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{{Short description|School of thought in psychiatry}} |
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'''Somatic school''' may refer to those in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who argued for a biological (as opposed to psychological) [[etiology]] of insanity; or it may refer to a group of nineteenth-century German psychiatrists, including [[Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi|Carl Jacobi]], [[Christian Friedrich Nasse]] and [[Carl Friedrich Flemming]], who taught that insanity is a symptom of biological diseases ''located outside the brain'', particularly diseases of the abdominal and thoracic viscera (akin to the delirium caused by many acute biological illnesses). This latter German school opposed the "physiological school" represented in Germany by [[Wilhelm Roser]], [[Wilhelm Griesinger]] and [[Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich|Carl Wunderlich]], who insisted on there being a brain [[lesion]] underlying every case of insanity, even if in some instances that lesion is the product of a pre-existing, extra-cerebral biological illness<ref name = Asylum>{{cite book| author = Bucknoll JC | title = The asylum journal of mental science | volume = 2 | year = 1856 | publisher = William Pollard | location = Exeter | pages = 78–9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cR8HAQAAIAAJ }}</ref><ref name = Engstrom>{{cite book | author = Engstrom EJ | title = Clinical psychiatry in imperial Germany: a history of psychiatric practice | year = 2003 | pages = 58–9| publisher = Cornell University Press | isbn = 0-8014-4195-1 }}</ref> and the [[psychical school]] of [[Johann Christian August Heinroth|Johann Heinroth]] and others, who asserted that all insanity is the product of moral or psychological weakness and rejected any notion of a physical pathological cause.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of Die KorperlichenGrundlagen der Guistesstorungen; ein vortrag by Paul Flechsig|author=Anonymous|date=July 1882|journal=American Journal of Insanity|volume=39|page=89|url=http://www.forgottenbooks.org/download_pdf/the_american_journal_of_psychiatry_1882-83_v39_1000146422.pdf}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Psychiatry}} |
{{Psychiatry}} |
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[[Category:History of psychiatry]] |
[[Category:History of psychiatry]] |
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[[Category:Psychological schools]] |
[[Category:Psychological schools]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:49, 22 April 2023
Somatic school may refer to those in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who argued for a biological (as opposed to psychological) etiology of insanity; or it may refer to a group of nineteenth-century German psychiatrists, including Carl Jacobi, Christian Friedrich Nasse and Carl Friedrich Flemming, who taught that insanity is a symptom of biological diseases located outside the brain, particularly diseases of the abdominal and thoracic viscera (akin to the delirium caused by many acute biological illnesses). This latter German school opposed the "physiological school" represented in Germany by Wilhelm Roser, Wilhelm Griesinger and Carl Wunderlich, who insisted on there being a brain lesion underlying every case of insanity, even if in some instances that lesion is the product of a pre-existing, extra-cerebral biological illness[1][2] and the psychical school of Johann Heinroth and others, who asserted that all insanity is the product of moral or psychological weakness and rejected any notion of a physical pathological cause.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Bucknoll JC (1856). The asylum journal of mental science. Vol. 2. Exeter: William Pollard. pp. 78–9.
- ^ Engstrom EJ (2003). Clinical psychiatry in imperial Germany: a history of psychiatric practice. Cornell University Press. pp. 58–9. ISBN 0-8014-4195-1.
- ^ Anonymous (July 1882). "Review of Die KorperlichenGrundlagen der Guistesstorungen; ein vortrag by Paul Flechsig" (PDF). American Journal of Insanity. 39: 89.
