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{{Routemap |
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<!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> |
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|title = ''Canadian'' |
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|navbar = VIA Canadian |
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==[[Ohio State Route 1 (1961–1965)]] Jct lists== |
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|navbar pos = 2 |
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Note: since SR 1 moved 3+ times, A jct list was created for every year SR 1 existed. (deleted by 1965; not after) Also, a picture was found showing the 1948 signage being used in 1961,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://media.fyre.co/WwigxG2LReCCsjyLm9cv_ohio_rt_1.jpg|title = media.fyre.co|date = |access-date = |website = Image of SR 1 concurrency with SR 306|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> taken out of usage by 1962<ref>{{cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sohio_columbus_i71-1.JPG|website=Wikimedia}}</ref>, so both have been requested for these JCT lists. Per policy this not expected to be completed any time soon.(to give users like [[User:Fredddie|Fredddie]] a break) Finally, I noticed the requests policy does not specify a certain time span for users making multiple large requests, so it should be in consideration to standardize the amount of time that users have to wait between bulk requests. (ex: 20 or 30 days) [[User:Cards84664|Cards84664]] ([[User talk:Cards84664|talk]]) 04:02, 28 January 2016 (UTC) |
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|text-width=60 |
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|map = |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=15em| |
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KBHFa\~~ ~~[[Montreal Central Station|Montreal]] |
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:[[:File:OH-48 (1948).svg]] |
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-startCollapsible-collapsed-replace- |
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:[[:File:OH-4 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exLSTR\CONTl+f\~~ ~~ ~~''[[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (Via Rail)|Corridor]] to {{stn|Windsor||Ontario}}'' |
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:[[:File:OH-202 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\STR!~STRl\dCONTfq\d\~~ ~~ ~~''[[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (Via Rail)|Corridor]] to [[Gare du Palais|Quebec]]'' |
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:[[:File:OH-69 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\HST\\~~ ~~[[Dorval station (Via Rail)|Dorval]] |
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:[[:File:OH-444 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\STR!~STRl\dCONTfq\d\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|''[[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (Via Rail)|Corridor]] to [[Union Station (Toronto)|Toronto]]''|''via {{stn|Cornwall}}''}} |
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:[[:File:OH-369 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\HST\\~~ ~~{{stn|Ottawa}} |
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:[[:File:OH-440 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exSTR!~STRl\dCONTfq\d\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|''[[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (Via Rail)|Corridor]] to [[Union Station (Toronto)|Toronto]]''|''via [[Fallowfield station (Ontario)|Fallowfield]]''}} |
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:[[:File:OH-70 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~{{stl|Canadian Pacific Railway|Carleton Place}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-54 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~[[Arnprior station (Canadian Pacific Railway)|Arnprior]]~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-56 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~{{stn|Renfraw}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-38 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~[[Pembroke station (Canadian Pacific Railway)|Pembroke]]~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-29 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~{{stn|Petawawa}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-142 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~[[Chalk River station (Canadian Pacific Railway)|Chalk River]]~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-18 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~{{stn|Mattawa}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-176 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~[[North Bay station (Canadian Pacific Railway)|North Bay]]~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-303 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exHST\\~~ ~~{{stn|Sturgeon Falls}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-8 (1948).svg]] |
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c\c\exSTR\CONTl+f\~~ ~~ ~~''[[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (Via Rail)|Corridor]] to {{stn|Windsor||Ontario}}'' |
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:[[:File:OH-631 (1948).svg]] |
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-endCollapsible- |
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:[[:File:OH-14 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR\INTACC~~{{BScvt|0|x}}~~[[Union Station (Toronto)|Toronto]] |
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:[[:File:OH-91 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR\CONTr+g!~STR~~ ~~ ~~''[[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor (Via Rail)|Corridor]] to {{stn|Quebec City}}'' |
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:[[:File:OH-43 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR\eHST~~ ~~[[Newmarket GO Station|Newmarket]]~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Bypassed|1997|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-306 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR\eHST~~ ~~{{stn|Barrie}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1997|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-87 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR\eHST~~ ~~{{stn|Orillia}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1997|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-84 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR\HST~~{{BScvt|143|x}}~~{{stn|Washago}} |
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:[[:File:OH-615 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR\HST~~{{BScvt|241|x}}~~{{stn|Parry Sound}} |
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:[[:File:OH-44 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR\eHST~~ ~~{{stn|Rutter}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-608 (1948).svg]] |
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exSTR2!~STRc2\exSTR!~STR3 |
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:[[:File:OH-528 (1948).svg]] |
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STR+1\exSTR+4!~exSTR!~STRc4 |
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:[[:File:OH-534 (1948).svg]] |
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HSTACC\exSTR~~{{BScvt|422|x}}~~{{stn|Sudbury Junction}} |
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:[[:File:OH-45 (1948).svg]] |
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STR\exSTR!~fKSTRa!~flBHF~~ ~~[[Sudbury station (Ontario)|Sudbury]]~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Bypassed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-46 (1948).svg]] |
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STR!~\fLSTR!~POINTERf@gq~~ ~~ ~~''[[Sudbury–White River train]]'' |
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:[[:File:OH-90 (1948).svg]] |
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ACC\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|444|x}}~~{{stn|Capreol}} |
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:[[:File:OH-7 (1948).svg]] |
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HST\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|493|x}}~~{{stn|Laforest}} |
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:[[:File:OH-48 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|494|x}}~~{{stn|McKee's Camp}} |
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:[[:File:OH-4 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|521|x}}~~{{stn|Felix}} |
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:[[:File:OH-202 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|527|x}}~~{{stn|Ruel}} |
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:[[:File:OH-201 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\fHST~~ ~~[[Cartier station (Ontario)|Cartier]]~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Bypassed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-444 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|547|x}}~~{{stn|Westree}} |
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:[[:File:OH-235 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|583|x}}~~{{stn|Gogama}} |
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:[[:File:OH-369 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\fHST~~ ~~{{stn|Biscotasing}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Bypassed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-54 (1960).svg]] |
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HSTACC\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|683|x}}~~{{stn|Foleyet}} |
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:[[:File:OH-56 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|739|x}}~~{{stn|Elsas}} |
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:[[:File:OH-38 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\fLHST!~fKSTRe~~ ~~{{stn|Chapleau}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Bypassed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-29 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\fLHST!~fKSTRa~~ ~~{{stn|Missanabie}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Bypassed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-142 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|859|x}}~~{{stn|Oba}} |
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:[[:File:OH-94 (1960).svg]] |
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BHF\fLSTR~~{{BScvt|921|x}}~~{{stn|Hornepayne}} |
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:[[:File:OH-18 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exSTR!~fKSTRe!~flBHF~~ ~~{{stn|White River}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Bypassed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-176 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|989|x}}~~{{stn|Hillsport}} |
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:[[:File:OH-303 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Mobert}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-48 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1046|x}}~~{{stn|Caramat}} |
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:[[:File:OH-8 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Heron Bay}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-91 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Marathon}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-43 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1084|x}}~~{{stn|Longlac}} |
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:[[:File:OH-82 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1133|x}}~~{{stn|Nakina}} |
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:[[:File:OH-306 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Terrace Bay}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-87 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Schreiber}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-615 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1222|x}}~~{{stn|Auden}} |
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:[[:File:OH-44 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Nipigon}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-608 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Red Rock}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-528 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1265|x}}~~{{stn|Ferland}} |
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:[[:File:OH-534 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1273|x}}~~{{stn|Mud River}} |
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:[[:File:OH-45 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1314|x}}~~{{stn|Armstrong}} |
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:[[:File:OH-46 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exBHF~~ ~~{{stn|Thunder Bay}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-84 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1348|x}}~~{{stn|Collins}} |
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:[[:File:OH-170 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1401|x}}~~{{stn|Allanwater Bridge}} |
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:[[:File:OH-17 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1421|x}}~~{{stn|Flindt Landing}} |
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:[[:File:OH-14 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1440|x}}~~{{stn|Savant Lake}} |
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:[[:File:OH-10 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Ignace}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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:[[:File:OH-2 (1960).svg]] |
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ACC\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1537|x}}~~{{stn|Sioux Lookout}} |
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:[[:File:OH-283 (1960).svg]] |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1621|x}}~~{{stn|Richan}} |
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:[[:File:OH-175 (1960).svg]] |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Dryden}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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}} |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1652|x}}~~{{stn|Red Lake Road}} |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1682|x}}~~{{stl|Via Rail|Canyon}} |
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== Major intersections in 1964 == |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1720|x}}~~{{stn|Farlane}} |
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{{jcttop|length_ref=}} |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1735|x}}~~{{stn|Redditt}} |
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{{OHint |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Kenora}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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|county = Hamilton |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1758|x}}~~{{stn|Minaki}} |
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|cspan = |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1780|x}}~~{{stn|Ottermere}} |
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|location = Cincinnati |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1784|x}}~~{{stn|Malachi}} |
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|lspan = |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1788|x}}~~{{stn|Copelands Landing}} |
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|type = concur |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1796|x}}~~{{stn|Rice Lake}} |
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|mile = 0.00 |
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STR+GRZq\exSTR~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|[[Ontario]]|[[Manitoba]]|line=1}} |
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|road = {{Jct|state=OH|I|75|dir1=North}} |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1801|x}}~~{{stn|Winnitoba}} |
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|notes = Southern Terminus at Kentucky state line; southern end of I-75 concurrency}} |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1806|x}}~~{{stn|Ophir}} |
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{{jctgap |text=See [[Interstate 75 in Ohio#Exit list|Interstate 75]] Exits 1–61}} |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|1826|x}}~~{{stn|Brereton Lake}} |
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{{OHint |
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STR2\exSTR3!~STRc3 |
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|county = Montgomery |
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exSTR+1!~STRc1\STR+4~~ ~~ |
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|cspan = 9 |
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exHST\STR~~ ~~{{stn|Whitemouth}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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|location = Dayton |
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exSTR\HST~~{{BScvt|1854|x}}~~{{stn|Elma}} |
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|lspan = 7 |
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exSTR2\STR!~exSTRc3 |
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|type = concur |
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exSTRc1\exSTR+4!~ACC~~{{BScvt|1943|x}}~~[[Union Station (Winnipeg)|Winnipeg]] |
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|mile = |
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\HST~~{{BScvt|2032|x}}~~{{stn|Portage la Prairie}} |
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|road ={{Jct|state=OH|I|75|US 1961|25}} |
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\dCONTgq\ABZgr\d~~ ~~ ~~''To {{stn|The Pas}} / {{stn|Churchill||Manitoba}}'' |
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|notes = Northern terminus of I-75; southern terminus of US 25 concurrency |
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STRc2\exSTR!~STR3 |
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}} |
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STR+1\exSTR!~STRc4 |
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{{OHint |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Carberry}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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|type = |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~[[Brandon station (Canadian Pacific Railway)|Brandon]]~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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|mile = |
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HST\exSTR~~{{BScvt|2173|x}}~~{{stn|Rivers}} |
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|road ={{Jct|state=OH|US 1961|35}} |
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STR\exHST~~ ~~{{stn|Virden}}~~ ~~{{BSsplit|Closed|1990|it=on}} |
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|notes = |
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STR+GRZq\exCONTf~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|[[Manitoba]]|[[Saskatchewan]]|line=1}} |
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}} |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|2394|x}}~~{{stn|Melville}} |
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{{OHint |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|2602|x}}~~{{stn|Watrous}} |
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|location = |
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ACC\~~{{BScvt|2702|x}}~~{{stn|Saskatoon}} |
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|lspan = |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|2792|x}}~~{{stn|Biggar}} |
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|type = concur |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|2885|x}}~~{{stn|Unity}} |
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|mile = |
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STR+GRZq\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|[[Saskatchewan]]|[[Alberta]]|line=1}} |
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|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|4}} |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|3017|x}}~~{{stn|Wainwright}} |
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|notes =Southern terminus of SR 4 concurrency |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|3089|x}}~~{{stn|Viking}} |
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}} |
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ACC\~~{{BScvt|3221|x}}~~{{stn|Edmonton||Via Rail}} |
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{{OHint |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|3331|x}}~~{{stn|Evansburg}} |
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|location = |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|3430|x}}~~{{stn|Edson}} |
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|lspan = |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|3518|x}}~~{{stn|Hinton||Alberta}} |
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|type = concur |
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ACC\~~{{BScvt|3600|x}}~~{{stn|Jasper}} |
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|mile = |
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STR+GRZq\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|[[Alberta]]|[[British Columbia]]|line=1}} |
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|road ={{Jct|state=OH|US 1961|25|dir1=|OH 1960|69|dir2=}} |
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dCONTgq\ABZgr\d\~~ ~~ ~~''To {{stn|Prince Rupert}}'' |
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|notes =Northern terminus of US 25 concurrency; southern terminus of SR 69 concurrency |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|3721|x}}~~{{stn|Valemount}} |
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}} |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|3814|x}}~~{{stn|Blue River}} |
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{{OHint |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|3923|x}}~~{{stn|Clearwater}} |
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|location = |
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ACC\~~{{BScvt|4038|x}}~~{{stn|Kamloops North}} |
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|lspan = |
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HST\~~{{BScvt|4117|x}}~~{{stn|Ashcroft}} |
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|type = |
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BS2+l\BS2+r\ |
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|mile = |
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HSTg\HSTf\~~{{BScvt|4240|x}}~~{{BSsplit|North|Bend|North Bend station}}│{{BSsplit|Boston|Bar|Boston Bar station}} |
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|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|202|dir1=north}} |
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STRg\HSTf\~~{{BScvt|4305|x}}~~{{stn|Hope||British Columbia}} |
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|notes = Southern terminus of SR 202 |
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HSTg\STRf\~~{{BScvt|4312|x}}~~{{stn|Katz}} |
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}} |
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HSTg\STRf\~~{{BScvt|4335|x}}~~{{stn|Agassiz||British Columbia}} |
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{{OHint |
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STRg\HSTf\~~{{BScvt|4355|x}}~~{{stn|Chilliwack}} |
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|location = |
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HSTg\HSTf\~~{{BScvt|4380|x}}~~{{BSsplit|Mission|Harbour|Mission Harbour station}}│{{stn|Abbotsford}} |
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|lspan = |
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BS2l\BS2r\ |
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|type = |
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d\ABZg+l\dCONTfq\~~ ~~ ~~{{BSsplit|''[[Amtrak Cascades]]''|''to {{stn|Eugene||Oregon}}, [[United States|US]]''}} |
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|mile = |
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KACCe\~~{{BScvt|4466|x}}~~[[Pacific Central Station|Vancouver]] |
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|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|201|dir1=north}} |
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}}<noinclude> |
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|notes = Southern terminus of SR 201 |
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{{Railway-routemap|CAN|Canadian (train)|display=''Canadian''|type=[[passenger train]]}} |
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}} |
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[[Category:Via Rail railway templates|Canadian]] |
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{{OHint |
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</noinclude> |
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|location = |
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|lspan = |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
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|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|444|dir1=north}} |
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|notes = Southern terminus of SR 444 |
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}} |
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{{OHint |
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|ctdab=Montgomery |
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|location = Wayne Township |
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|lspan = 2 |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|235|dir1=north}} |
|||
|notes = Northern terminus of SR 235 |
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}} |
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{{OHint |
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|ctdab= |
|||
|location = |
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|lspan = |
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|type =concur |
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|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|I|70|dir1=|US 1961|40|dir2=|OH 1960|69|dir3=}} |
|||
|notes = Northern end of SR 69 concurrency; east end of I-70 and US 40 concurrency |
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}} |
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{{OHint |
|||
|county =Clark |
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|ctdab=Clark |
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|cspan = 8 |
|||
|location =Mad River Township |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|I|70|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes =Eastern end of I-70; east end of I-70 concurrency |
|||
}} |
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{{OHint |
|||
|ctdab=Clark |
|||
|location =Bethel Township |
|||
|lspan =1 |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|369}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location =Springfield Township |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|OH 1960|440|dir1=west}} |
|||
|notes =Eastern terminus of SR 440 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location =Springfield |
|||
|lspan =4 |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|US 1961|68|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location = |
|||
|lspan = |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|41|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes =Northern end of SR 41 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location = |
|||
|lspan = |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|4|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes =Northern end of SR 4 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location = |
|||
|lspan = |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|41|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes =Southern end of SR 41 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location = South Vienna |
|||
|type = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|54}} |
|||
|notes =}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county =Madison |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
|cspan = 5 |
|||
|location =Summerford |
|||
|lspan = 2 |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|56|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county = |
|||
|location = |
|||
|lspan = |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|38|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county = |
|||
|location =Lafayette |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|US 1961|42|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county = |
|||
|location =West Jefferson |
|||
|lspan = 2 |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|29|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes =Western terminus of SR 29 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county = |
|||
|location = |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|142|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes =Western terminus of SR 142 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county =Franklin |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
|cspan = 2 |
|||
|location =Columbus |
|||
|lspan = 2 |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|US 1961|62|}} |
|||
|notes = East end of US 62 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location = |
|||
|lspan = |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|I|71|dir1=|US 1961|40|US 1961|62|}} |
|||
|notes = Southern terminus of I-71 concurrency; east end of US 40 and US 62 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{jctgap |text=See [[Interstate 71#Exit list|Interstate 71]] Exits 108B–218}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county =Medina |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
|cspan = 2 |
|||
|location =Medina Township |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|I|71|dir1=south|SR|18|}} |
|||
|notes = Northern terminus of I-71; north end of concurrency; west end of SR 18 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|township=Sharon |
|||
|township2=Granger |
|||
|ctdab=Medina |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|94|dir1=}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county =Summit |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
|cspan = 5 |
|||
|location =Copley Township |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|US 1961|21|dir1=|SR|18|}} |
|||
|notes = Southern terminus of US 21 concurrency; north end of SR 18 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location =Montrose-Ghent |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|I|77|SR|176}} |
|||
|notes = Southern terminus of SR 176 concurrency; southern terminus of I-77 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location = Richfield |
|||
|lspan = 3 |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|176}} |
|||
|notes = Northern terminus of SR 176 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|lspan = |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|303}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|lspan = |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|I|80S|OHTP|}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county =Cuyahoga |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
|cspan = 11 |
|||
|location =Brecksville |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|82}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location =Independence |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|17}} |
|||
|notes = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location =Cleveland |
|||
|lspan = 6 |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|14|SR|43}} |
|||
|notes =Southern terminus of SR 14 and SR 43 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|type = |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|10}} |
|||
|notes =Eastern terminus of SR 10 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|US 1961|422|SR|87}} |
|||
|notes =Southern end of US 422 and SR 87 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|I|90|US 1961|21|US 1961|422|SR|14|SR|43|SR|87}} |
|||
|notes =Western terminus of I-90 concurrency; northern end of US 21 / US 422 / SR 14 / SR 43 / SR 87 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|2}} |
|||
|notes =Western end of SR 2 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|type =concur |
|||
|mile = |
|||
|road ={{Jct|state=OH|SR|283}} |
|||
|notes =Western end of SR 283 concurrency |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location=Bratenahl |
|||
|type=concur |
|||
|road={{jct|state=OH|SR|283|dir1=east|name1=}} |
|||
|notes=Eastern terminus of concurrency with SR 283 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location=Cleveland |
|||
|lspan=2 |
|||
|road={{jct|state=OH|SR|175|name1=}} |
|||
|notes= |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|mile= |
|||
|type=concur |
|||
|road={{jct|state=OH|SR|2|dir1=|city1=}} |
|||
|notes=Eastern terminus of concurrency with SR 2}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county1=Cuyahoga |
|||
|county2=Lake |
|||
|location1=Euclid |
|||
|location2=Wickliffe |
|||
|mile= |
|||
|road={{jct|state=OH|US|20|name1=[[Euclid Avenue (Cleveland, Ohio)|Euclid Avenue]]}} |
|||
|notes=}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county=Lake |
|||
|cspan=2 |
|||
|location=Wickliffe |
|||
|mile= |
|||
|road={{jct|state=OH|SR|84|name1=}} |
|||
|notes= |
|||
}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|location=Willoughby Hills |
|||
|mile= |
|||
|road={{jct|state=OH|I|271|dir1=south|I|290|dir2=south}} |
|||
|notes=Northern terminus of I-271 and I-290 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{jctgap |text=See [[Interstate 90 in Ohio#Exit list|Interstate 90]] Exits 188–241}} |
|||
{{OHint |
|||
|county=Ashtabula |
|||
|location=Conneaut |
|||
|mile= |
|||
|road={{jct|state=PA|I|90|dir1=east}} |
|||
|notes=Continuation into [[Pennsylvania]]; Northern terminus of SR 1}} |
|||
{{jctbtm|exit|keys=concur}} |
|||
Geauga |
|||
2 |
|||
7 |
|||
8 |
|||
10 |
|||
11 |
|||
16 |
|||
21 |
|||
44 |
|||
59 |
|||
82 |
|||
104 |
|||
126 |
|||
161 |
|||
176 |
|||
237 |
|||
315 |
|||
562 |
|||
711 |
|||
{{disambig-acronym|OH 2|{{ushr|Ohio|2}}}} |
|||
{{Infobox road |
|||
|state=OH |
|||
|type=SR |
|||
|route=2 |
|||
|marker_image={{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=OH|route=2}}{{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=OH|route=53}}{{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=OH|route=269}}{{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=US|route=6}}{{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=I|route=90}}{{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=OH|route=254}}{{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=US|route=20}}{{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=OH|route=283}}{{infobox road/shieldmain/USA|state=OH|type=OH|route=44}} |
|||
|map=OH 2 map.svg |
|||
|map_notes=Route of SR 2 highlighted in red |
|||
|maint=[[Ohio Department of Transportation|ODOT]] |
|||
|length_mi=227.26 |
|||
|length_round=2 |
|||
|length_ref=<ref name=sld>Mileages retrieved from [http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/TechServ/TIM/Pages/Straight-Line-Diagrams.aspx Technical Services Straight Line Diagrams] unless otherwise noted.</ref> |
|||
|established=1923 |
|||
|direction_a=West |
|||
|terminus_a={{Jct|state=IN|IN|37}} near [[Hicksville, Ohio|Hicksville]] |
|||
|junction={{Jct|state=OH|I|80|I|90|OHTP|}} near [[Swanton, Ohio|Swanton]]<br>{{Jct|state=OH|I|90}} near [[Elyria, Ohio|Elyria]]<br>{{Jct|state=OH|I|90}} in [[Rocky River, Ohio|Rocky River]]<br>{{Jct|state=OH|I|90}} in [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]]<br>{{Jct|state=OH|I|90}} in [[Euclid, Ohio|Euclid]] |
|||
|direction_b=East |
|||
|terminus_b={{Jct|state=OH|US|20}} in [[Painesville Township, Ohio|Painesville Township]] |
|||
|counties=[[Defiance County, Ohio|Defiance]], [[Williams County, Ohio|Williams]], [[Fulton County, Ohio|Fulton]], [[Lucas County, Ohio|Lucas]], [[Ottawa County, Ohio|Ottawa]], [[Erie County, Ohio|Erie]], [[Lorain County, Ohio|Lorain]], [[Cuyahoga County, Ohio|Cuyahoga]], [[Lake County, Ohio|Lake]] |
|||
|previous_type=OH 1960 |
|||
|previous_route=1 |
|||
|next_type=SR |
|||
|next_route=3 |
|||
}} |
|||
==Merovingian dynasty (486–751)== |
|||
The '''Merovingians''' were a [[Salian Franks|Salian Frankish]] dynasty that ruled the [[Franks]] for nearly 300 years in a region known as [[Francia]] in [[Latin]], beginning in the middle of the 5th century CE. Their territory largely corresponded to ancient [[Gaul]] as well as the Roman provinces of [[Raetia]], [[Germania Superior]] and the southern part of [[Germania]]. The Merovingian dynasty was founded by [[Childeric I]] (c. 457{{snd}}481 CE), the son of [[Merovech]], leader of the Salian Franks, but it was his famous son [[Clovis I]] (481–511 CE) who united all of Gaul under Merovingian rule. |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Death |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Clovis 1er.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Clovis I]] <br><small>(Clovis Ier)</small> |
|||
| 481 |
|||
| 511 |
|||
| Likely died of natural causes aged 46. Buried at [[Abbey of St Genevieve]] until 18th century. Remains relocated to [[Basilica of St Denis]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of [[Childeric I]] |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Tiers de sou d'or de Childebert Ier.png|100px]] |
|||
| [[Childebert I]] <br><small>(Childebert Ier)</small> |
|||
| 511 |
|||
| 13 December 558 |
|||
| Died aged 64. Buried at [[Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Clovis I |
|||
| King of Paris <br><small>(Roi de Paris)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Monnaie d'argent de Clotaire Ier.png|100px]] |
|||
| [[Chlothar I]] ''the Old'' <br><small>(Clotaire Ier ''le Vieux'')</small> |
|||
| 13 December 558 |
|||
| 29 November 561 |
|||
| Died aged 64. Buried at [[Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Clovis I <br>{{*}}Younger brother of Childebert I |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Jean-Joseph Dassy (1796-1865) - Caribert, roi franc de Paris et de l'ouest de Gaule (mort en 567).jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Charibert I]] <br><small>(Caribert Ier)</small> |
|||
| 29 November 561 |
|||
| 567 |
|||
| Died aged 50. Buried at [[Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Chlothar I |
|||
| King of Paris <br><small>(Roi de Paris)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Portrait Roi de france Chilpéric roy de France.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Chilperic I]] <br><small>(Chilpéric Ier)</small> |
|||
| 567 |
|||
| 584 |
|||
| Died aged 45. Buried at [[Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Chlothar I <br>{{*}}Younger brother of Charibert I |
|||
| King of Paris <br><small>(Roi de Paris)</small> <br><br>King of Neustria <br><small>(Roi de Neustrie)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Clothaire II 584 628.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Chlothar II]] ''the Great, the Young'' <br><small>(Clotaire II ''le Grand, le Jeune'')</small> |
|||
| 584 |
|||
| 18 October 629 |
|||
| Died aged 45. Buried at [[Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Chilperic I |
|||
| King of Neustria <br><small>(Roi de Neustrie)</small> <br><br>King of Paris <br><small>(Roi de Paris)</small> <br>(595–629) <br><br>King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> <br>(613–629) |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Tiers de sou or Dagobert Ier.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Dagobert I]] <br><small>(Dagobert Ier)</small> |
|||
| 18 October 629 |
|||
| 19 January 639 |
|||
| Died aged 36. Buried at [[Basilica of St Denis]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Chlothar II |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Tiers de sous d'or de Clovis II.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Clovis II]] ''the Lazy''<br><small>(Clovis II ''le Fainéant'')</small> |
|||
| 19 January 639 |
|||
| 31 October 657 |
|||
| Died aged 20. Buried at [[Basilica of St Denis]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Dagobert I |
|||
| King of Neustria and Burgundy <br><small>(Roi de Neustrie et de Bourgogne)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Clothar III.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Chlothar III]] <br><small>(Clotaire III)</small> |
|||
| 31 October 657 |
|||
| 673 |
|||
| Died aged 21. Buried at [[Basilica of St Denis]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Clovis II |
|||
| King of Neustria and Burgundy <br><small>(Roi de Neustrie et de Bourgogne)</small> <br><br>King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> <br>(657–663) |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Portrait Roi de france Childéric II.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Childeric II]] <br><small>(Childéric II)</small> |
|||
| 673 |
|||
| 675 |
|||
| Died aged 22. Buried at [[Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Clovis II <br>{{*}}Younger brother of Chlothar III |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Theuderic III.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Theuderic III]] <br><small>(Thierry III)</small> |
|||
| 675 |
|||
| 691 |
|||
| Died aged 37. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Clovis II <br>{{*}}Younger brother of Childeric II |
|||
| King of Neustria <br><small>(Roi de Neustrie)</small> <br><br>King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> <br>(687–691) |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Georges Rouget (1783-1869) - Clovis III roi d'Austrasie en 691 (682-695).jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Clovis IV]] <br><small>(Clovis IV)</small> |
|||
| 691 |
|||
| 695 |
|||
| Died aged 13. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Theuderic III |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Childebert III 694 711.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Childebert III]] ''the Just''<br><small>(Childebert III ''le Juste'')</small> |
|||
| 695 |
|||
| 23 April 711 |
|||
| Died aged 41. Buried at Church of St Stephen at [[Choisy-au-Bac]], near [[Compiègne]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Theuderic III <br>{{*}}Younger brother of Clovis IV |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Portrait Roi de france Dagobert II (i.e III).jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Dagobert III]] |
|||
| 23 April 711 |
|||
| 715 |
|||
| Died aged 14. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Childebert III |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Portrait Roy de france Chilperic II.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Chilperic II]] <br><small>(Chilpéric II)</small> |
|||
| 715 |
|||
| 13 February 721 |
|||
| Died aged 49. Buried at [[Noyon]]. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Probably son of Childeric II |
|||
| King of Neustria and Burgundy <br><small>(Roi de Neustrie et de Bourgogne)</small> <br><br> King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> <br>(719–721) |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Theuderic IV.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Theuderic IV]] |
|||
| 721 |
|||
| 737 |
|||
| Died aged 25. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Dagobert III |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
The last Merovingian kings, known as the lazy kings (rois fainéants), did not hold any real political power, while the [[Mayor of the Palace]] governed instead. When Theuderic IV died in 737, Mayor of the Palace [[Charles Martel]] left the throne vacant and continued to rule until his own death in 741. His sons [[Pepin the Younger|Pepin]] and [[Carloman (mayor of the palace)|Carloman]] briefly restored the Merovingian dynasty by raising Childeric III to the throne in 743. In 751, Pepin deposed Childerich and acceded to the throne. |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Death |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Jean Dassier (1676-1763) - Childéric III roy de France (754).jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Childeric III]] <br><small>(Childéric III)</small> |
|||
| 743 |
|||
| November 751 |
|||
| Died aged 37. |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Chilperic II or of Theuderic IV |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|} |
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==Carolingian dynasty (751–888) == |
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The Carolingian dynasty was a [[Franks|Frankish]] noble family with origins in the [[Pippinids|Arnulfing and Pippinid]] clans of the 7th century AD. The family consolidated its power in the late 8th century, eventually making the offices of [[mayor of the palace]] and ''[[dux et princeps Francorum]]'' hereditary and becoming the ''de facto'' rulers of the Franks as the real powers behind the throne. By 751, the [[Merovingian dynasty]], which until then had ruled the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] [[Franks]] by right, was deprived of this right with the consent of the [[Papacy]] and the aristocracy, and a Carolingian, [[Pepin the Short]], was crowned [[King of the Franks]]. |
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<onlyinclude> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Pépin the younger.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Pepin the Short|Pepin]] ''the Younger'', ''the Short'' <br><small>(Pépin ''le Bref'')</small> |
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| 751 |
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| 24 September 768 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of [[Charles Martel]] |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
|||
| [[Image:Carloman.jpg|100px]] |
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| [[Carloman I]] |
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| 24 September 768 |
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| 4 December 771 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Pepin the Short |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg|100px]] |
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| [[Charlemagne]] (Charles I, ''the Great'') |
|||
| 24 September 768 |
|||
| 28 January 814 |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Pepin the Short |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> <br><br>Emperor of the Romans <br><small>(Imperator Romanorum)</small> <br>(800–814) |
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|- |
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| [[Image:Ludwik I Pobożny.jpg|100px]] |
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| [[Louis the Pious|Louis I]] ''the Pious, the Debonaire'' <br><small>(Louis Ier ''le Pieux, le Débonnaire'')</small> |
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| 28 January 814 |
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| 20 June 840 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Charlemagne |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> <br><br>Emperor of the Romans <br><small>(Imperator Romanorum)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[Image:CharlesIItheBald.JPG|100px]] |
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| [[Charles the Bald|Charles II]] ''the Bald'' <br><small>(Charles II ''le Chauve'')</small> |
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| 20 June 840 |
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| 6 October 877 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis I |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> <br><br>Emperor of the Romans <br><small>(Imperator Romanorum)</small> <br> (875–877) |
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|- |
|||
| [[Image:Louis II of France.JPG|100px]] |
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| [[Louis the Stammerer|Louis II]] ''the Stammerer'' <br><small>(Louis II ''le Bègue'')</small> |
|||
| 6 October 877 |
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| 10 April 879 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Charles II |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[Image:King Louis III.gif|100px]] |
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| [[Louis III of France|Louis III]] |
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| 10 April 879 |
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| 5 August 882 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis II |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[Image:Carloman II of France.jpg|100px]] |
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| [[Carloman II]] |
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| 5 August 882 |
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| 6 December 884 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis II |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
|||
| [[File:Sceau de Charles le gros.jpg|100px]] |
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| [[Charles the Fat|Charles III ''the Fat'']] <br><small>(Charles ''le Gros'')</small> |
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| 20 May 885 |
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| 13 January 888 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of [[Louis the German]]<br>{{*}}Cousin of Louis II and Carloman II<br>{{*}}Grandson of Louis I ''the Pious'' |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> <br><br>Emperor of the Romans <br><small>(Imperator Romanorum)</small> <br> (881–887) |
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|} |
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==Robertian dynasty (888–898) == |
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The Robertians were Frankish noblemen owing fealty to the Carolingians, and ancestors of the subsequent [[Capetian dynasty]]. Odo, [[Count of Paris]] was chosen by the western Franks to be their king following the removal of emperor [[Charles the Fat]]. He was crowned at [[Compiègne]] in February 888 by Walter, Archbishop of Sens. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Odo of France.PNG|100px]] |
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| [[Odo, Count of Paris|Odo of Paris]]<br><small>(Eudes de Paris)</small> |
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| 29 February 888 |
|||
| 1 January 898 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of [[Robert the Strong]] ([[Robertians]])<br>{{*}}Elected king against young Charles III. |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|} |
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==Carolingian dynasty (893–922) == |
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Charles, the posthumous son of Louis II, was crowned by a faction opposed to the Robertian Odo at [[Reims Cathedral]], though he only became the effectual monarch with the death of Odo in 898. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Georges Rouget (1783-1869) - Charles III, dit le simple, roi de France en 896 (879-929).jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Charles the Simple|Charles III]] ''the Simple'' <br><small>(Charles III ''le Simple'')</small> |
|||
| 28 January 898 |
|||
| 30 June 922 |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Posthumous son of Louis II<br>{{*}}Younger half-brother of Louis III and Carloman II<includeonly> |
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|}</includeonly></onlyinclude><!-- See [[Wikipedia_talk:Featured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists]] for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags above --> |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|} |
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==Robertian dynasty (922–923) == |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Robert I de France.jpg|100px]] |
|||
| [[Robert I of France|Robert I]]<br><small>(Robert Ier)</small> |
|||
| 30 June 922 |
|||
| 15 June 923 |
|||
| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of [[Robert the Strong]] ([[Robertians]])<br>{{*}}Younger brother of Odo |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|} |
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==Bosonid dynasty (923–936)== |
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The [[Bosonids]] were a noble family descended from [[Boso the Elder]], their member, Rudolph (Raoul), was elected "King of the Franks" in 923. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Rudolph of France.PNG|100px]] |
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| [[Rudolph of France|Rudolph]]<br><small>(Raoul de France)</small> |
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| 13 July 923 |
|||
| 14 January 936 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of [[Richard, Duke of Burgundy]] ([[Bosonids]])<br>{{*}}Son-in-law of Robert I |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|} |
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==Carolingian dynasty (936–987) == |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Louis IV of France.PNG|100px]] |
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| [[Louis IV of France|Louis IV]] ''of Outremer'' <br><small>(Louis IV ''d'Outremer'')</small> |
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| 19 June 936 |
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| 10 September 954 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Charles III |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:Lothaire-Face.jpg|100px]] |
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| [[Lothair of France|Lothair]]<br><small>(Lothaire de France)</small> |
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| 12 November 954 |
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| 2 March 986 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis IV |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[Image:Louis V.jpg|100px]] |
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| [[Louis V of France|Louis V]] ''the Lazy'' <br><small>(Louis V ''le Fainéant'')</small> |
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| 8 June 986 |
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| 22 May 987 |
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| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Lothair |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|} |
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==Capetian dynasty (987–1792)== |
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After the death of Louis V, the son of [[Hugh the Great]] and grandson of Robert I, Hugh Capet, was elected by the nobility as king of France. The [[Capetian Dynasty]], the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, ruled France continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. They were direct descendants of the [[Robertians|Robertian]] kings. The [[cadet branches]] of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of ''Valois'' and ''Bourbon''. |
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Not listed below are [[Hugh Magnus of France|Hugh Magnus]], eldest son of Robert II, and [[Philip of France (1116–1131)|Philip of France]], eldest son of Louis VI; both were co-Kings with their fathers (in accordance with the early Capetian practice whereby kings would crown their heirs in their own lifetimes and share power with the co-king), but predeceased them. Because neither Hugh nor Philip were sole or senior king in their own lifetimes, they are not traditionally listed as Kings of France, and are not given ordinals. |
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Henry VI of England, son of [[Catherine of Valois]], became titular King of France upon his grandfather Charles VI's death in accordance with the Treaty of Troyes of 1420 however this was disputed and he is not always regarded as a legitimate king of France. |
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From 21 January 1793 to 8 June 1795, Louis XVI's son Louis-Charles was the titular King of France as '''[[Louis XVII of France|Louis XVII]]'''; in reality, however, he was imprisoned in the Temple throughout this duration, and power was held by the leaders of the Republic. Upon Louis XVII's death, his uncle (Louis XVI's brother) Louis-Stanislas claimed the throne, as '''[[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]]''', but only became ''de facto'' King of France in 1814.'' |
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===House of Capet (987–1328) === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:King Hugh Capet.jpg|100px]]|| || [[Hugh Capet]] <br><small>(Hugues Capet)</small> || 3 July 987|| 24 October 996|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Grandson of Robert I |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
|||
||| || [[Robert II of France|Robert II]] ''the Pious, the Wise'' <br><small>(Robert II ''le Pieux, le Sage'')</small> || 24 October 996|| 20 July 1031|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Hugh Capet |
|||
| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
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| [[Image:Henri I.jpg|100px]]|| || [[Henry I of France|Henry I]]<br><small>(Henri Ier)</small>|| 20 July 1031|| 4 August 1060|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Robert II |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
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| [[File:Philip I of France · HHWXI28.svg|100px]]|| || [[Philip I of France|Philip I]] ''the Amorous''<br><small>(Philippe Ier ''l' Amoureux'')</small>|| 4 August 1060|| 29 July 1108|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Henry I |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:Louis VI of France.gif|100px]]|| || [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] ''the Fat'' <br><small>(Louis VI ''le Gros'')</small>|| 29 July 1108|| 1 August 1137|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Philip I |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[Image:II Geza es VII Lajos KK.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|100px]] || [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] ''the Young'' <br><small>(Louis VII ''le Jeune'')</small>|| 1 August 1137|| 18 September 1180|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis VI |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small> |
|||
|- |
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| [[File:Louis-Félix Amiel-Philippe II dit Philippe-Auguste Roi de France (1165-1223).jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|100px]] || [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ''Augustus'' <br><small>(Philippe II ''Auguste'')</small>|| 18 September 1180|| 14 July 1223|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis VII |
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| King of the Franks <br><small>(Roi des Francs)</small><br>first monarch to use the title of ''King of France''<br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:Louis8lelion.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|100px]] || [[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]] ''the Lion'' <br><small>(Louis VIII ''le Lion'')</small>|| 14 July 1223|| 8 November 1226|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Philip II Augustus |
|||
| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:Louis-ix.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|100px]] || [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] ''the Saint'' <br><small>(Saint Louis)</small>|| 8 November 1226|| 25 August 1270|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis VIII |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[Image:Miniature Philippe III Courronement.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|100px]] || [[Philip III of France|Philip III]] ''the Bold'' <br><small>(Philippe III ''le Hardi'')</small>|| 25 August 1270|| 5 October 1285|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis IX |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:Philippe IV le bel.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France & Navarre (Ancien).svg|100px]]|| [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV]] ''the Fair'', ''the Iron King'' <br><small>(Philippe IV ''le Bel'')</small>|| 5 October 1285|| 29 November 1314|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Philip III |
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| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|- |
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| [[File:Louis X Le Hutin.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France & Navarre (Ancien).svg|100px]]|| [[Louis X of France|Louis X]] ''the Quarreller'' <br><small>(Louis X ''le Hutin'')</small>|| 29 November 1314|| 5 June 1316|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Philip IV |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|- |
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| [[Image:John I of France.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France & Navarre (Ancien).svg|100px]]|| [[John I of France|John I]] ''the Posthumous'' <br><small>(Jean Ier ''le Posthume'')</small>|| 15 November 1316|| 20 November 1316|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis X |
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| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|- |
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| [[File:Philippe V Le Long.JPG|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France & Navarre (Ancien).svg|100px]]|| [[Philip V of France|Philip V]] ''the Tall'' <br><small>(Philippe V ''le Long'')</small>|| 20 November 1316|| 3 January 1322|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Philip IV<br>{{*}}Younger brother of Louis X |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Charles IV Le Bel.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France & Navarre (Ancien).svg|100px]]|| [[Charles IV of France|Charles IV]] ''the Fair'' <br><small>(Charles IV ''le Bel'')</small>|| 3 January 1322|| 1 February 1328|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Philip IV<br>{{*}}Younger brother of Louis X and Philip V |
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| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|} |
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===House of Valois (1328–1589) === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[image:Phil6france.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|100px]]|| [[Philip VI of France|Philip VI]] ''of Valois'', ''the Fortunate'' <br><small>(Philippe VI ''de Valois'', ''le Fortuné'')</small>|| 1 April 1328|| 22 August 1350|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Grandson of [[Philip III of France]] |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:JeanIIdFrance.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|100px]]|| [[John II of France|John II]] ''the Good'' <br><small>(Jean II ''le Bon'')</small>|| 22 August 1350|| 8 April 1364|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Philip VI |
|||
| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Charles5lesage.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Ancien).svg|100px]][[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg|100px]]|| [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] ''the Wise'' <br><small>(Charles V ''le Sage'')</small>|| 8 April 1364|| 16 September 1380|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of John II |
|||
| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Charles VI de France - Dialogues de Pierre Salmon - Bib de Genève MsFr165f4.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg|100px]] || [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]] ''the Beloved'', ''the Mad'' <br><small>(Charles VI ''le Bienaimé'', ''le Fol'')</small> || 16 September 1380||align="center" |21 October 1422|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Charles V |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
|||
|} |
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===House of Lancaster (1422–1453) (disputed)=== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Claim |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:King Henry VI from NPG (2).jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Coat of Arms of Henry VI of England (1422-1471).svg|100px]]|| [[Henry VI of England]] <br><small>(Henri VI d'Angleterre)</small> || 21 October 1422|| 19 October 1453|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}By right of his father [[Henry V of England]] by the [[Treaty of Troyes]] become heir and regent to the French throne|| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
===House of Valois (1328–1589) === |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Charles VII by Jean Fouquet 1445 1450.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg|100px]] || [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]] ''the Victorious'', ''the Well-Served'' <br><small>(Charles VII ''le Victorieux'', ''le Bien-Servi'')</small> || 21 October 1422|| 22 July 1461|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Charles VI |
|||
| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Louis XI of France.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg|100px]] || [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]] ''the Prudent'', ''the Cunning'', ''the Universal Spider'' <br><small>(Louis XI ''le Prudent'', ''le Rusé'', ''l'Universelle Aragne'')</small> || 22 July 1461|| 30 August 1483|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Charles VII |
|||
| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Charles VIII Ecole Francaise 16th century Musee de Conde Chantilly.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Coat of Arms of Charles VIII of France.svg|100px]] || [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]] ''the Affable'' <br><small>(Charles VIII ''l'Affable'')</small>|| 30 August 1483|| 7 April 1498|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis XI |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|} |
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====Orléans branch (1498–1515) ==== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
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! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
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| [[Image:Ludvig XII av Frankrike på målning från 1500-talet.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg|100px]]|| [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]] ''Father of the People'' <br><small>(Louis XII ''le Père du Peuple'')</small> || 7 April 1498|| 1 January 1515|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Great-grandson of Charles V<br>{{*}}Second cousin, and by first marriage son-in-law of Louis XI<br>{{*}}By second marriage husband of [[Anne of Brittany]], widow of Charles VIII |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|} |
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====Orléans–Angoulême Branch (1515–1589) ==== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Jean Clouet 001.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France.svg|100px]]|| [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] ''the Father and Restorer of Letters'' <br><small>(François Ier ''le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres'')</small>|| 1 January 1515|| 31 March 1547|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Great-great-grandson of Charles V<br>{{*}}First cousin once removed, and by <br>first marriage son-in-law of Louis XII |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:Henry II of France..jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France.svg|100px]]|| [[Henry II of France|Henry II]] <br><small>(Henri II)</small> || 31 March 1547|| 10 July 1559|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Francis I/Maternal grandson of Louis XII |
|||
| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:FrancoisII.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France.svg|100px]]|| [[Francis II of France|Francis II]] <br><small>(François II)</small> || 10 July 1559|| 5 December 1560|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Henry II |
|||
| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> <br><br>King of Scots <br>(1558–1560) |
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|- |
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| [[File:CharlesIX.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France.svg|100px]]|| [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]]|| 5 December 1560|| 30 May 1574|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Henry II |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[File:Anjou 1570louvre.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France.svg|100px]] || [[Henry III of France|Henry III]] <br><small>(Henri III)</small>|| 30 May 1574|| 2 August 1589|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Henry II |
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| King of France <br><small>(Roi de France)</small> <br><br>King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania <br>(1573–1575) |
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|} |
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===House of Bourbon (1589–1792)=== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%;" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Henry IV of france by pourbous younger.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg|100px]] || [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]], ''Good King Henry'', ''the Green Gallant'' <br><small>(Henri IV, ''le Bon Roi Henri'', ''le Vert-Galant'') </small>|| 2 August 1589|| 14 May 1610|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Tenth generation descendant of Louis IX in the male line<br>{{*}}By first marriage son in law of Henry II, Brother in law of Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III<br> |
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| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
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|- |
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| [[Image:LouisXIII.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg|100px]] || [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] ''the Just'' <br><small>(Louis XIII ''le Juste'') </small> || 14 May 1610|| 14 May 1643|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Henry IV |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Hyacinthe Rigaud - Louis XIV, roi de France (1638-1715) - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg|100px]] || [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] ''the Great'', ''the Sun King'' <br><small>(Louis XIV ''le Grand'', ''le Roi Soleil'')</small>|| 14 May 1643|| 1 September 1715|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis XIII |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:LouisXV-Rigaud1.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg|100px]] || [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]] ''the Beloved'' <br><small>(Louis XV ''le Bien-Aimé'')</small>|| 1 September 1715|| 10 May 1774|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Great-grandson of Louis XIV |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Antoine-François Callet - Louis XVI, roi de France et de Navarre (1754-1793), revêtu du grand costume royal en 1779 - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg|100px]] || [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] ''the Restorer of French Liberty''<br><small>(Louis XVI ''le Restaurateur de la Liberté Française'')</small>|| 10 May 1774|| 21 September 1792|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Grandson of Louis XV |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> <br>(1774–1791) <br><br> King of the French <br><small>(Roi des Français)</small> <br>(1791–1792) |
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|- |
|||
|bgcolor="#FBDDBD" align="center"|[[File:Louis XVII coll Ulysse Moussali.jpg|100px]]||bgcolor="#FBDDBD" align="center"|[[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre.svg|100px]] ||bgcolor="#FBDDBD" align="center"|[[Louis XVII of France|Louis XVII]] ''(Claimant)''||bgcolor="#FBDDBD" align="center"|21 January 1793||bgcolor="#FBDDBD" align="center"|8 June 1795||bgcolor="#FBDDBD"| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Son of Louis XVI |
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|bgcolor="#FBDDBD" align="center"|King of France and of Navarre<br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
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|} |
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==First French Republic (1792–1804)== |
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===Presidents of the National Convention=== |
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==Moderate Phase: September 1792 – June 1793== |
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Initially, ''La Marais'', or The Plain, a moderate, amorphous group, controlled the Convention. At the first session, held on 20 September 1792, the elder statesman [[Philippe Rühl]] presided over the session. The following day, amidst profound silence, the proposition was put to the assembly, "''[[Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy|That royalty be abolished in France]]''"; it carried, with cheers. On the 22nd came the news of the Republic's victory at the [[Battle of Valmy]]. On the same day, the Convention decreed that "in future, the acts of the assembly shall be dated ''First Year of the French Republic''". Three days later, the Convention added the corollary of "''the French republic is one and indivisible''", to guard against federalism. |
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The following men were elected for two-week terms as Presidents, or executives, of the Convention. |
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{|class="sortable wikitable" |
|||
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Image |
|||
! scope="col" | Dates |
|||
! scope="col" | Name |
|||
! scope="col" |Fate |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:AduC_150_Ruhl_(P.J.,_1737-1795).JPG|80px]] |
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|20 September 1792 || [[Philippe Rühl]] |
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|Suicide, 29/30 May 1795 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Jérôme_Pétion_de_Villeneuve.jpg|80px]] |
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|20 September 1792 {{dash}} 4 October 1792 || [[Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve]] |
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|Botched suicide, guillotined 18 June 1794 |
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|- |
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|[[File:AduC_139_Lacroix_(J.F._de,_1754-1794).JPG|80px]] |
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| 4 October 1792 {{dash}} 18 October 1792 || [[Jean-François Delacroix]] |
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|Guillotined with [[Georges Danton]], 5 April 1794 |
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|- |
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|[[File:E._Guadet.jpg|80px]] |
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|18 October 1792 {{dash}} 1 November 1792 || [[Élie Guadet|Marguerite-Élie Guadet]] |
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|Guillotined 17 June 1794 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Jean-Lous_Laneuville_-_Marie-Jean_Hérault_de_Séchelles.JPG|80px]] |
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|1 November 1792 {{dash}} 15 November 1792 || [[Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles]] |
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|Guillotined with Georges Danton, 5 April 1794 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Gregoire.jpg|80px]] |
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|15 November 1792 {{dash}} 29 November 1792 || [[Henri Grégoire]] |
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|Died 28 May 1831 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Barere.jpg|80px]] |
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|29 November 1792 – 13 December 1792 || [[Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac]] |
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|Died 13 January 1841 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Jacquedefermon.jpg|80px|portrait of Jacques defermon]] |
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|13 December 1792 {{dash}} 27 December 1792 || [[Jacques Defermon des Chapelieres]] |
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|20 June 1831 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Jean-Baptiste_Treilhard_1742-1810.jpg|80px]] |
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|27 December 1792 {{dash}} 10 January 1793 || [[Jean-Baptiste Treilhard]] |
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|Died 1 December 1810 |
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|- |
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|[[file:Pierre_Vergniaud.jpg|80px]] |
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|10 January 1793 {{dash}} 24 January 1793 || [[Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud]] |
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|31 October 1793, guillotined. |
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|- |
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|[[File:Jean-PaulRabautSaint-Etienne.jpg|80px]] |
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|24 January 1793 {{dash}} 7 February 1793 || [[Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne]] |
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|5 December 1793, guillotined |
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|- |
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| |
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|7 February 1793 {{dash}}21 February 1793 || [[Jean-Jacques Bréard]], dit Bréard-Duplessis |
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|2 January 1840 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Dubois-Crancé.jpg|80px]] |
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|21 February 1793 {{dash}} 7 March 1793 || [[Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé]] |
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|29 June 1814 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Armand_Gensonné_IMG_2447.JPG|80px]] |
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|7 March 1793 {{dash}} 21 March 1793 || [[Armand Gensonné]] |
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|31 October 1793, guillotined |
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|- |
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|[[File:AduC_240_Debry_(A.J.,_1766-1834).JPG|80px]] |
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|21 March 1793 {{dash}} 4 April 1793 || [[Jean Debry|Jean Antoine Joseph Debry]] |
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|6 January 1834, Paris |
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|- |
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| |
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|4 April 1793 {{dash}} 18 April 1793 || [[Jean-François-Bertrand Delmas]] |
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|Disappeared 19 August 1798<ref group=Notes>From 9 Apr 1793 to 18 Apr 1793 the functions of president were exercised by vice-president Jacques-Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière. He was elected president in his own right for the fortnight 27 June 1793 {{dash}} 11 July 1793</ref> |
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|- |
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| |
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|18 April 1793 {{dash}} 2 May 1793 || [[Marc David Alba Lasource]] |
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| 31 October 1793, guillotined with the Girondists |
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|- |
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|[[File:Boyer-Fonfrède,_Jean-Baptiste.JPG|80px]] |
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|2 May 1793 {{dash}} 16 May 1793 || [[Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfrède]] |
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|31 October 1793, guillotined |
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|- |
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|[[File:Isnard.jpg|80px]] |
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|16 May 1793 {{dash}} 30 May 1793 || [[Maximin Isnard]] |
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|12 March 1825 |
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|- |
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| |
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|30 May 1793 {{dash}} 13 June 1793 || [[François René Mallarmé|François-René-Auguste Mallarmé]] |
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|25 July 1835 |
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|- |
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|} |
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At the end of May 1793, an [[Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793|uprising]] of the Parisian ''sans culottes'', the day-laborers and working class, undermined much of the authority of the moderate Girondins. At this point, although Danton and Hérault de Séchelles both served one more term each as Presidents of the Convention, the Girondins had lost control of the Convention: in June and July compromise after compromise changed the course of the revolution from a bourgeois event to a radical, working class event. Price controls were introduced and a minimum wage guaranteed to workers and soldiers. Over the course of the summer, the government became truly revolutionary. |
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==Radical phase: June 1793 – July 1794== |
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After the insurrection, any attempted resistance to revolutionary ideals was crushed. The insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 marked a significant milestone in the history of the French Revolution. The days of 31 May – 2 June ({{lang-fr|journées}}) resulted in the fall of the [[Girondin]] party under pressure of the Parisian ''[[sans-culottes]]'', [[Jacobins]] of the clubs, and [[The Mountain|Montagnards]] in the [[National Convention]]. The following men were elected as presidents of the Convention during its transition from its moderate to radical phase. |
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{|class="sortable wikitable" |
|||
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Image |
|||
! scope="col" | Dates |
|||
! scope="col" | Name |
|||
! scope="col" |Fate |
|||
|- |
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|[[File:Jean_Marie_Collot_d'Herbois.jpg|80px]] |
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|13 June 1793 {{dash}} 27 June 1793 || [[Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois]] |
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|8 June 1796, deported to [[French Guiana]], died of [[yellow fever]] |
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|- |
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| |
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|27 June 1793 {{dash}} 11 July 1793 || [[Jacques Alexis Thuriot de la Rosière]] |
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|20 June 1829, died in exile |
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|- |
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|[[File:Jeanbon_St._André_1795_portrait_by_Jacques-Louis_David.jpeg|80px]] |
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|11 July 1793 {{dash}} 25 July 1793 || [[Andre Jeanbon Saint Andre]] |
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|10 December 1813 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Georges Danton.jpg|80px]] |
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|25 July 1793 {{dash}} 8 August 1793 || [[Georges Jacques Danton]] |
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|A moderate guillotined by the radicals, 5 April 1794 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Jean-Lous Laneuville - Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles.JPG|80px]] |
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|8 August 1793 {{dash}} 22 August 1793 || [[Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles]] |
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|Guillotined with Georges Danton, 5 April 1794 |
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|- |
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|} |
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''After 1793, President of the National Convention became a puppet office under the [[Committee of Public Safety]].'' The following men were elected as presidents of the Convention during its radical phase. |
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{|class="sortable wikitable" |
|||
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Image |
|||
! scope="col" | Dates |
|||
! scope="col" | Name |
|||
! scope="col" |Fate |
|||
|- |
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|[[File:Robespierre.jpg|80px]] |
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|22 August 1793 {{dash}}5 September 1793 || [[Maximilien Robespierre]] |
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|28 July 1794, guillotined during the Reaction |
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|- |
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|[[File:Billaud.jpg|80px]] |
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| 5 September 1793 {{dash}} 19 September 1793 || [[Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne]] |
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| 3 June 1819 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Pierre-joseph-cambon-estampe.jpg|80px]] |
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|19 September 1793 {{dash}} 3 October 1793 || [[Pierre Joseph Cambon]] |
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|15 February 1820 |
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|- |
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| |
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| 3 October 1793 {{dash}} 22 October 1793 || [[Louis-Joseph Charlier]] |
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|23 February 1797 |
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|- |
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| |
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|22 October 1793 {{dash}} 6 November 1793 || [[Moyse Bayle|Moïse Antoine Pierre Jean Bayle]] |
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|1812 or 1815 |
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|- |
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| |
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|6 November 1793 {{dash}} 21 November 1793 || [[Pierre-Antoine Lalloy]] |
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|16 March 1846 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Charles-Gilbert_Romme.png|80px]] |
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|21 November 1793 {{dash}} 6 December 1793 || [[Charles-Gilbert Romme]] |
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|17 June 1795, suicide prior to guillotine |
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|- |
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| |
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| 6 December 1793 {{dash}} 21 December 1793 || [[Jean-Henri Voulland]] |
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|23 February 1801 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Georges_Couthon_by_François_Bonneville.png|80px]] |
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|21 December 1793 – 5 January 1794 || [[Georges Couthon|Georges Auguste Couthon]] |
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|28 July 1794, guillotined during the Reaction<br>One of the few members of ''[[The Plain|La Marais]]'' to be elected President |
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|- |
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|[[File:David_Self_Portrait.jpg|80px]] |
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| 5 January 1794 {{dash}} 20 January 1794 || [[Jacques-Louis David]] |
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|29 December 1825 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Marc-Guillaume_Alexis_Vadier_(1736-1828),_French_revolutionary_(small).jpg|80px]] |
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|20 January 1794 {{dash}} 4 February 1794 || [[Marc Guillaume Alexis Vadier]] |
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|14 December 1828 |
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|- |
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| |
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| 4 February 1794 {{dash}} 19 February 1794 || [[Joseph-Nicolas Barbeau du Barran]] |
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|16 May 1816, exiled in Switzerland during [[Bourbon Restoration]] |
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|- |
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|[[File:Saint-Just-French_anon-MBA_Lyon_1955-2-IMG_0450.jpg|80px]] |
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|19 February 1794 {{dash}} 6 March 1794 || [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just]] |
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|28 July 1794, guillotine during Reaction |
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|- |
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| |
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|7 March 1794 {{dash}} 21 March 1794 || [[Philippe Rühl]] |
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|29/30 May 1795, suicide |
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|- |
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|[[File:Tallien.gif|80px]] |
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|21 March 1794 {{dash}} 5 April 1794 || [[Jean-Lambert Tallien]] |
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|16 November 1820 |
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|- |
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| |
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|5 April 1794 {{dash}} 20 April 1794 || [[Jean-Baptiste-André Amar]] |
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|21 December 1816 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Robert-lindet.jpg|80px]] |
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|20 April 1794 {{dash}} 5 May 1794 || [[Robert Lindet]] |
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|17 February 1825 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Sadi_Carnot.jpg|80px]] |
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|5 May 1794 {{dash}} 20 May 1794 || [[Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot|Lazare Carnot]] |
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|2 August 1823 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Prieur-duvernois.jpg|80px]] |
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|20 May 1794 {{dash}} 4 June 1794 || [[Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois]] |
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|11 August 1832 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Robespierre.jpg|80px]] |
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|4 June 1794 {{dash}} 19 June 1794 || [[Maximilien Robespierre]] |
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|28 July 1794, guillotined during the Reaction |
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|- |
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| |
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|19 June 1794 {{dash}} 5 July 1794 || [[Élie Lacoste]] |
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|26 November 1806 |
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|- |
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| |
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| 5 July 1794 {{dash}} 19 July 1794 || [[Jean-Antoine Louis du Bas-Rhin|Jean-Antoine Louis]], also called Louis du Bas-Rhin |
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| |
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|- |
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|} |
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==Reaction: July 1794–1795== |
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In 1794, Maximilien Robespierre continued to consolidate his power over the Montagnards with the use of the [[Committee of Public Safety]]. By late spring, the moderate members of the Convention had had enough. They began to conspire secretly against Robespierre and his allies. The Thermidorian Reaction was a revolt within the Convention against the leadership of the [[Jacobin Club]] over the Committee of Public Safety. The National Convention voted to remove Maximilien Robespierre, [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just]], and several other leading members of the revolutionary government, and the were executed the following day. This ended the most radical phase of the French Revolution. |
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The following men were presidents of the Convention until its end. |
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{|class="sortable wikitable" |
|||
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Image |
|||
! scope="col" | Dates |
|||
! scope="col" | Name |
|||
! scope="col" |DOD/Fate |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Jean_Marie_Collot_d'Herbois.jpg|80px]] |
|||
|19 July 1794 {{dash}} 3 August 1794 || [[Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois]] |
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|8 June 1796 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Merlin_de_Douai.png|80px]] |
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| 3 August 1794 {{dash}} 18 August 1794 || [[Philippe Antoine Merlin de Douai|Philippe Antoine Merlin]], dit Merlin de Douai |
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| 26 December 1838 |
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|- |
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| |
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|18 August 1794 {{dash}} 2 September 1794 || [[Antoine Merlin de Thionville]] |
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|14 September 1833 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Bernard,_André_Antoine.jpg|80px]] |
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| 2 September 1794 {{dash}} 22 September 1794 || [[André Antoine Bernard]], dit Bernard de Saintes |
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|19 October 1818 |
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|- |
|||
| |
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|22 September 1794 {{dash}} 7 October 1794 || [[André Dumont (politician)|André Dumont]] |
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|19 October 1838 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Maurin_-_Cambaceres.png|80px]] |
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| 7 October 1794 {{dash}} 22 October 1794 || [[Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès]] |
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|8 March 1824<br>One of the few members of ''[[The Plain|La Marais]]'' to be elected President<br> Authored Napoleon's [[Napoleonic Code|Civil Code]] |
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|- |
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|[[File:Prieur.png|80px]] |
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|22 October 1794 {{dash}} 6 November 1794 || [[Pierre-Louis Prieur]], dit Prieur de la Marne |
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| 31 May 1827 |
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|- |
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|[[File:Louis_Legendre.jpg|80px]] |
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| 6 November 1794 {{dash}} 24 November 1794 || [[Louis Legendre]] |
|||
|13 December 1797, died of natural causes (dementia) |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
|24 November 1794 {{dash}} 6 December 1794 || [[Jean-Baptiste Clauzel]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Rewbell1.jpg|80px]] |
|||
|6 December 1794 {{dash}} 21 December 1794 || [[Jean-François Reubell]] |
|||
|23 November 1807 |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
|21 December 1794 {{dash}} 6 January 1795 || [[Pierre-Louis Bentabole]] |
|||
|1797 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Charles-Louis_François_Letourneur--Jean-Baptiste-François_Désoria_IMG_2312.JPG|80px]] |
|||
| 6 January 1795 {{dash}} 20 January 1795 || [[Étienne-François Le Tourneur]] |
|||
|4 October 1817 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:AduC_112_Rovère_(J.S.,_1744-1798).JPG|80px]] |
|||
|20 January 1795 {{dash}} 4 February 1795 || [[Stanislas Joseph François Xavier Rovère]] |
|||
|died in 1798 in French Guiana |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Paul_Barras_directeur.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| 4 February 1795 {{dash}} 19 February 1795 || [[Paul Barras]] |
|||
|29 January 1829 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:AduC_053_Bourdon_(F.L.,1758-1797).JPG|80px]] |
|||
|19 February 1795 {{dash}} 6 March 1795 || [[François Louis Bourdon]] |
|||
|22 June 1798, after being deported to French Guiana |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:AduC_149_Thibaudeau_(A.C.,_1765-1854).JPG|80px]] |
|||
|6 March 1795 {{dash}} 24 March 1795 || [[Antoine Claire Thibaudeau]] |
|||
|8 March 1854 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Jean_Pelet_de_la_Lozère_(1759-1842).jpg|80px]] |
|||
|24 March 1795 {{dash}} 5 April 1795 || [[Jean Pelet]], also Pelet de la Lozère |
|||
|26 January 1842 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:François-Antoine_de_Boissy_d'Anglas_by_Delpech.jpg|80px]] |
|||
|5 April 1795 {{dash}} 20 April 1795 || [[François-Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas]] |
|||
|1828<br>One of the few members of ''[[The Plain|La Marais]]'' to be elected President |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Emmanuel_Joseph_Sieyès_-_crop.jpg|80px]] |
|||
|20 April 1795 {{dash}} 5 May 1795 || [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] |
|||
|20 June 1836<br>One of the few members of ''[[The Plain|La Marais]]'' to be elected President |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Théodore_Vernier.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| 5 May 1795 {{dash}} 26 May 1795 || [[Théodore Vernier]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
|26 May 1795 {{dash}} 4 June 1795 || [[Jean-Baptiste Charles Matthieu]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Profil_de_Jean-Denis_Lanjuinais.png|80px]] |
|||
| 4 June 1795 {{dash}} 19 June 1795 || [[Jean Denis, comte Lanjuinais]] |
|||
| died in 1828 in Paris |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Louvet_de_Couvray.jpg|80px]] |
|||
|19 June 1795 {{dash}} 4 July 1795 || [[Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray]] |
|||
|25 August 1797 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Louis-Gustave_Doulcet_de_Pontécoulant.jpg|80px]] |
|||
|4 July 1795 {{dash}} 19 July 1795 || [[Louis Gustave le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant|Louis-Gustave Doulcet de Pontécoulant]] |
|||
|17 November 1764 – 3 April 1853 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:AduC_204_La_Réveillère-Lépaux_(L.M.,_1753-1824).JPG|80px]] |
|||
|19 July 1795 {{dash}} 3 August 1795 || [[Louis-Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux]] |
|||
|24 March 1824 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:AduC_258_Daunou_(P.C.F.,_1761-1840).JPG|80px]] |
|||
|3 August 1795 {{dash}} 19 August 1795 || [[Pierre Claude François Daunou]] |
|||
|20 June 1840 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Marie-Joseph_Chénier.jpg|80px]] |
|||
|19 August 1795 {{dash}} 2 September 1795 || [[Marie-Joseph Chénier]] |
|||
|10 January 1811 |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
|2 September 1795 {{dash}} 23 September 1795 || [[Théophile Berlier]] |
|||
|12 September 1844 |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
|23 September 1795 {{dash}} 8 October 1795 || [[Pierre-Charles-Louis Baudin]] |
|||
|1799 |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
|8 October 1795 {{dash}} 26 October 1795 || [[Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu]] |
|||
|27 October 1804 |
|||
|} |
|||
===Presidents of the Committee of Public Safety=== |
|||
;Political parties |
|||
{{legend2|{{The Mountain/meta/color}}|[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br> |
|||
{{legend2|{{Thermidorians/meta/color}}|[[Thermidorian]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br> |
|||
{{legend2|{{The Plain/meta/color}}|[[The Plain|Marais]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{The Mountain/meta/color}}; color:white" |1 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Georges Danton.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Georges Danton]]'''<br><small>(1759–1794)</small> |
|||
| 6 April 1793 |
|||
| 27 July 1793 |
|||
| [[The Mountain|Montagnard]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small> When all executive power was conferred upon a [[Committee of Public Safety]], Danton had been one of the nine original members of that body. He was dispatched on frequent missions from the Convention to the republican armies in [[Belgium]], and wherever he went he infused new energy into the army. He pressed forward the new national system of education, and he was one of the legislative committee charged with the construction of a new system of government.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{The Mountain/meta/color}}; color:white" |2 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Robespierre.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Maximilien Robespierre]]'''<br><small>(1758–1794)</small> |
|||
| 27 July 1793 |
|||
| 27 July 1794 |
|||
| [[The Mountain|Montagnard]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>When Robespierre took the power, the "[[Reign of Terror]]" was established. [[Monarchist]]s, [[Girondist]]s, ''[[Modérantisme|Modérés]]'' but also commonly citizens were guillotined. The [[Roman Catholicism]] was replaced by the [[Cult of the Supreme Being]]. After one year of absolute power, Robespierre was deposed by the [[Thermidorian Reaction]] and executed.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{The Mountain/meta/color}}; color:white" |3 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Billaud-Varenne.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne]]'''<br><small>(1756–1819)</small> |
|||
| 31 July 1794 |
|||
| 1 September 1794 |
|||
| [[The Mountain|Montagnard]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>After the [[Thermidorian Reaction#Death of Robespierre|Robespierre's execution]], Billaud-Varenne, that was one of traitors, became the acting chief of the Committee of Public Safety. He was then attacked himself in the Convention for his ruthlessness, and a commission was appointed to examine his conduct and that of some other members of the former Committee of Public Safety and decreed his immediate [[Penal transportation|deportation]] to [[French Guiana]].</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{Thermidorians/meta/color}}; color:white" |4 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Merlin de Douai.png|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai]]'''<br><small>(1754–1838)</small> |
|||
| 5 March 1795 |
|||
| 5 April 1795 |
|||
| [[Thermidorian]] |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>After the [[Thermidorian Reaction]], he became president of the Convention and a member of the Committee of Public Safety. Merlin de Douai convinced the Committee of Public Safety to agree with the closing of the [[Jacobin Club]], on the ground that it was an administrative rather than a legislative measure. Merlin de Douai recommended the readmission of the survivors of the Girondists to the Convention, and drew up a law limiting the right of insurrection.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{The Plain/meta/color}}; color:white" |5 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Maurin - Cambaceres.png|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès]]'''<br><small>(1753–1824)</small> |
|||
| 5 April 1795 |
|||
| 2 August 1795 |
|||
| [[The Plain|Marais]] |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Cambacérès was considered too conservative to be one of the five Directors who took power in the coup of 1795, and finding himself in opposition to the nascent [[French Directory|Executive Directory]] he retired from politics.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{Thermidorians/meta/color}}; color:white" |6 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Merlin de Douai.png|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai]]'''<br><small>(1754–1838)</small> |
|||
| 2 August 1795 |
|||
| 1 September 1795 |
|||
| [[Thermidorian]] |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
| colspan=3|<center> <small>——</small> </center> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{The Plain/meta/color}}; color:white" |7 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Maurin - Cambaceres.png|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès]]'''<br><small>(1753–1824)</small> |
|||
| 1 September 1795 |
|||
| 27 October 1795 |
|||
| [[The Plain|Marais]] |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
| colspan=3|<center> <small>——</small> </center> |
|||
|} |
|||
==Successor organization== |
|||
The ''Directory'' ({{lang-fr|Directoire}}) was the government of France following the collapse of the National Convention in late 1795. Administered by a [[collective leadership]] of five directors, it preceded the [[French Consulate|Consulate]] established in a coup d'etat by Napoleon. It lasted from 2 November 1795 until 10 November 1799, a period commonly known as the "Directory era". The directory operated with a bicameral structure. A [[Council of the Ancients]], selected by lot, named the directors. For its own security, the Left (whose members dominated the Council) resolved that all five must be old members of the Convention and [[regicides]] who had voted to execute King [[Louis XVI]]. The Ancients chose [[Jean-François Rewbell]]; [[Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras]]; [[Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux]]; [[Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot]]; and [[Étienne-François Le Tourneur]]. |
|||
===President of the Directory=== |
|||
;Political parties |
|||
{{legend2|{{Thermidorians/meta/color}}|[[Thermidorian]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{Thermidorians/meta/color}}; color:white" |1 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Paul barras.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras|Paul Barras]]'''<br><small>(1755–1829)</small> |
|||
| 5 October 1795 |
|||
| 10 November 1799 |
|||
| [[Thermidorian]] |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Along with [[Jean-Lambert Tallien]] and [[Joseph Fouché]], Barras was one of the minds behind the coup of 1795. His nomination of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] led to the adoption of violent measures, ensuring the dispersion of royalists and other malcontents in the streets near the [[Tuileries Palace]], remembered as the [[13 Vendémiaire]]. Barras much weakened the [[monarchist]]s and the old [[Girondist]]s with the [[coup of 18 Fructidor]] in 1797. However, he was deposed by the [[coup of 18 Brumaire]] of Bonaparte in 1799.</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
===The Consulate=== |
|||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 | '''The provisional Consuls (10 November – 12 December 1799)''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Image:Napoleon - 2.jpg|100px]] |
|||
|[[Image:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès - crop.jpg|110px]] |
|||
|[[Image:AduC 233 Ducos (R., 1747-1816).JPG|100px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] |
|||
|[[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] |
|||
|[[Roger Ducos]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>With the [[coup of 18 Brumaire]] in 1799, the Directory was abolished, and a provisional committee of three, called "consuls" took power. </small> |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 | '''The Consuls (12 December 1799 – 9 May 1802)''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[File:Bonaparte premier Consul Gérard Chantilly.jpg|110px]] |
|||
|[[File:Maurin - Cambaceres.png|110px]] |
|||
|[[File:Charles-François Lebrun (1739-1824), French statesman (small).jpg|90px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]]<br>First Consul |
|||
|[[Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès|J.J. Cambacérès]]<br>Second Consul |
|||
|[[Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance|Charles-François Lebrun]]<br>Third Consul |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>With the [[Constitution of the Year VIII]] two months later, Bonaparte became "[[First Consul]]" for ten years, with two consuls appointed by him who had consultative voices only.</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
===Consulate for Life=== |
|||
;Political parties |
|||
{{legend2|{{Bonapartist/meta/color}}|[[Bonapartist]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=2 style="background:{{Bonapartist/meta/color}}; color:white" |1 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Portrait de Napoléon Bonaparte en premier consul.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Napoléon Bonaparte]]'''<br><small>(1769–1821)</small> |
|||
| 9 May 1802 |
|||
| 18 May 1804 |
|||
| [[Bonapartist]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|Bonaparte's power was confirmed by the new "[[Constitution of the Year X]]", that preserved the appearance of a republic but in reality established a [[dictatorship]] by getting rid of the other two consuls in all but name. He became [[Emperor of the French]] in 1804. |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
==House of Bonaparte, First Empire (1804–1814) == |
|||
{| width=95% class="wikitable" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
!width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | Emperor From |
|||
! width=7% | Emperor Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Napoleon I (by Anne Louis Girodet de Roucy-Trioson).jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grandes Armes Impériales (1804-1815)2.svg|100px]]|| [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I]], ''the Great''<br><small>(Napoléon Ier, le Grand)</small>|| 18 May 1804|| 11 April 1814 |
|||
| - |
|||
| Emperor of the French <br><small>(Empereur des Français)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
==Capetian Dynasty (1814–1815)== |
|||
===House of Bourbon, Bourbon Restoration (1814–1815) === |
|||
{| width=95% class="wikitable" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
!width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Guérin - Louis XVIII of France in Coronation Robes.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Coat of Arms of the Bourbon Restoration (1815-30).svg|100px]]|| [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]]|| 11 April 1814|| 20 March 1815|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Grandson of Louis XV {{*}} Younger Brother of Louis XVI |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
==House of Bonaparte, First Empire (Hundred Days, 1815) == |
|||
{| width=95% class="wikitable" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
!width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | Emperor From |
|||
! width=7% | Emperor Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Napoleon I (by Anne Louis Girodet de Roucy-Trioson).jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grandes Armes Impériales (1804-1815)2.svg|100px]]|| [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I]] <br><small>(Napoléon Ier)</small>|| 20 March 1815|| 22 June 1815 |
|||
| - |
|||
| Emperor of the French <br><small>(Empereur des Français)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:80 Napoleon II.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Grandes Armes Impériales (1804-1815)2.svg|100px]]|| [[Napoleon II of France|Napoleon II]]<br><small>(Napoléon II)</small> <br>{{#tag:ref|From 22 June to 7 July 1815, Bonapartists considered Napoleon II as the legitimate heir to the throne, his father having abdicated in his favor. However, throughout this period he resided in Austria, with his mother. Louis XVIII was reinstalled as king on 7 July|group= n}}|| 22 June 1815|| 7 July 1815 |
|||
| {{*}}Son of Napoleon I |
|||
| Emperor of the French <br><small>(Empereur des Français)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
==Capetian Dynasty (1815–1848)== |
|||
===House of Bourbon (1815–1830)=== |
|||
{| width=95% class="wikitable" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Guérin - Louis XVIII of France in Coronation Robes.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Coat of Arms of the Bourbon Restoration (1815-30).svg|100px]]|| [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]]|| 7 July 1815|| 16 September 1824|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Grandson of Louis XV {{*}}Younger Brother of Louis XVI |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[File:Charles X Roi de France et de Navarre.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Coat of Arms of the Bourbon Restoration (1815-30).svg|100px]]|| [[Charles X of France|Charles X]]|| 16 September 1824|| 2 August 1830|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Grandson of Louis XV {{*}}Younger Brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII |
|||
| King of France and of Navarre <br><small>(Roi de France et de Navarre)</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
==The Revolution of 1830== |
|||
For a few days during the [[July Revolution]], [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette]] held executive power and was offered the Presidency of a Republic. He refused. |
|||
[[Louis XIX]] was technically king for 20 minutes on August 2, 1830, and his nephew [[Henri, Count of Chambord|Henri V]] for ten days after that. |
|||
===House of Orléans, July Monarchy (1830–1848)=== |
|||
{| width=95% class="wikitable" |
|||
! width=8% | Portrait |
|||
! width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
! width=20% | Name |
|||
! width=7% | King From |
|||
! width=7% | King Until |
|||
! width=15% | Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
! width=10% | Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Louis-Philippe de Bourbon.jpg|100px]]|| [[File:Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1831-48).svg|100px]]|| [[Louis-Philippe I, King of the French|Louis-Philippe I]] ''the Citizen King''<br><small>(Louis Philippe, ''le Roi Bourgeois'')</small>|| 9 August 1830|| 24 February 1848|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Sixth generation descendant of Louis XIII in the male line<br>{{*}}Fifth cousin of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X |
|||
| King of the French <br><small>(Roi des Français)</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
==Second French Republic (1848–1852)== |
|||
===President of the Provisional Government of the Republic=== |
|||
;Political parties |
|||
{{legend2|{{Moderate Republicans (France)/meta/color}}|[[Moderate Republicans (France)|Moderate Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=3 style="background:{{Moderate Republicans (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|– |
|||
| rowspan=3|[[file:Dupont de l'Eure, Jacques - 1.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure]]'''<br><small>(1767–1855)</small> |
|||
| 24 February 1848 |
|||
| 20 December 1848 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Moderate Republicans (France)|Moderate Republican]] |
|||
| rowspan=3| |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
| colspan=2 align="center"|''None'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>His prestige and popularity prevented the heterogeneous republican coalition from having to immediately agree upon a common leader. Due to his great age (upon entering office, he was just a few days short of his 81st birthday), Dupont de l'Eure effectively delegated part of his duties to Minister of Foreign Affairs Alphonse de Lamartine. On 4 May, he resigned in order to make way for the Executive Commission, which he declined to join.</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
===Executive Commission=== |
|||
;Political parties |
|||
{{legend2|{{Moderate Republicans (France)/meta/color}}|[[Moderate Republicans (France)|Moderate Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! colspan=5 | '''Executive Commission (10 May 1848 – 24 June 1848)''' |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=3 style="background:{{Moderate Republicans (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|– |
|||
|[[François Arago]] |
|||
|[[Alphonse de Lamartine|Alphonse<br> de Lamartine]] |
|||
|[[Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès|Louis-Antoine<br> Garnier-Pagès]] |
|||
|[[Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin|Alexandre Auguste<br> Ledru-Rollin]] |
|||
|[[Pierre Marie (de Saint-Georges)|Pierre Marie<br> (de Saint-Georges)]] |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Moderate Republicans (France)|Moderate Republican]] |
|||
| rowspan="3" | |
|||
|- |
|||
|-bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
|[[File:François Arago.jpg|100px]] |
|||
|[[Image:Alphonse de Lamartine 1.jpg|100px]] |
|||
|[[Image:Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pages.jpg|100px]] |
|||
|[[File:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin.jpg|100px]] |
|||
|[[File:Alexandre-Pierre-Thomas-Amable MARIE DE SAINT GEORGES(1795-1848).jpg|100px]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=6|<small>In May 1848 the National Assembly decided to establish the Executive Commission as a form of collective presidency, similar to that of Year III in the first [[French Revolution]]. The members were chosen from prominent members of the former Provisional Government. These members acted jointly as head of state. The experiment was a failure and lasted slightly more than a month before chaos rocked Paris and much of the country.</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
===Chief of the Executive Power=== |
|||
;Political parties |
|||
{{legend2|{{Moderate Republicans (France)/meta/color}}|[[Moderate Republicans (France)|Moderate Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office;<br>Electoral mandates |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=3 style="background:{{Moderate Republicans (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|– |
|||
| rowspan=3|[[Image:Louis Eugène Cavaignac MdesA 2014.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Louis-Eugène Cavaignac]]'''<br><small>(1802–1857)</small> |
|||
| 28 June 1848 |
|||
| 20 December 1848 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Moderate Republicans (France)|Moderate Republican]] |
|||
| rowspan=3| |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
| colspan=2 align="center"|''None'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>On 24 June, the [[French Executive Commission (1848)|Executive Commission]] was defeated by a [[vote of no confidence]] and Cavaignac was granted full powers, making him France's de facto head of state and dictator. After laying down his dictatorial powers, he continued to preside over the Executive Committee till the [[French presidential election, 1848|election of a regular president of the republic]].</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
===President of the Republic=== |
|||
;Political parties |
|||
{{legend2|{{Bonapartist/meta/color}}|[[Bonapartist]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office;<br>Electoral mandates |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! rowspan=3 style="background:{{Bonapartist/meta/color}}; color:white;" |1 |
|||
| rowspan=3|[[Image:Adolphe Yvon - Portrait of Napoleon III - Walters 3795.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Napoléon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]]'''<br><small>(1808–1873)</small> |
|||
| 20 December 1848 |
|||
| 2 December 1852 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Bonapartist]] |
|||
| rowspan="3" | |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 1848|1848]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Nephew of [[Napoléon|Napoléon I]]. Elected first [[President of France|President of the French Republic]], in the [[French presidential election, 1848|1848 election]] against [[Louis-Eugène Cavaignac]]. He provoked the [[French coup of 1851]], and proclaimed himself [[Emperor of the French]] in 1852.</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
==House of Bonaparte, Second Empire (1852–1870) == |
|||
{|width=95% class="wikitable" |
|||
!width=8%|Portrait |
|||
!width=10%|Coat of Arms |
|||
!width=10%|Name |
|||
!width=7%|Emperor From |
|||
!width=7%|Emperor Until |
|||
!width=15%|Relationship with Predecessor(s) |
|||
!width=10%|Title |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Image:Franz Xaver Winterhalter Napoleon III.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Coat of Arms Second French Empire (1852–1870)-2.svg|100px]]|| [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]]<br><small>(Napoléon III)</small>|| 2 December 1852|| 4 September 1870|| style="text-align:left;" | {{*}}Nephew of Napoleon I |
|||
| Emperor of the French <br><small>(Empereur des Français)</small> |
|||
|} |
|||
==Third French Republic (1870–1940)== |
|||
===President of the Government of National Defense=== |
|||
*[[Louis Jules Trochu]] (4 September 1870 – 13 February 1871) |
|||
===Chief of the Executive Power=== |
|||
*[[Adolphe Thiers]] (17 February 1871 – 30 August 1871) (became President on 31 August 1871) |
|||
===Presidents of the Republic=== |
|||
;Political parties |
|||
{{legend2|{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br> |
|||
{{legend2|{{Miscellaneous Right/meta/color}}|[[Miscellaneous Right|Moderate Monarchist]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br> |
|||
{{legend2|{{Opportunist Republicans/meta/color}}|[[Opportunist Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br> |
|||
{{legend2|{{Democratic Alliance (France)/meta/color}}|[[Democratic Republican Alliance]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br> |
|||
{{legend2|{{Radical Party (France)/meta/color}}|[[Radical-Socialist Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}};" rowspan=2|2 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Adolphe Thiers Nadar 2.JPG|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Adolphe Thiers]]'''<br><small>(1797–1877)</small> |
|||
| 31 August 1871 |
|||
| 24 May 1873 |
|||
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Initially a moderate monarchist, named President following the adoption of the Rivet law. He became a Republican during his term, and resigned in the face of hostility from the [[National Assembly of France|Assemblée nationale]], largely in favour of a return to monarchy.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Miscellaneous Right/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|3 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Patrice de Mac Mahon.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta|Patrice de Mac-Mahon,<br>duc de Magenta]]'''<br><small>(1808–1893)</small> |
|||
| 24 May 1873 |
|||
| 30 January 1879 |
|||
| [[Miscellaneous Right|Moderate Monarchist]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>A [[Marshal of France]], he was the only monarchist (and only [[Duke]]) to serve as President of the [[Third French Republic|Third Republic]]. He resigned shortly after the Republican victory in the 1877 legislative elections, following [[16 May 1877 crisis|his decision]] to dissolve the [[Chamber of Deputies of France|Chamber of Deputies]]. During his term, the [[French Constitutional Laws of 1875]] that served as the Constitution of the Third Republic were passed, and he therefore became the first President under the constitutional settlement that would last until 1940.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Opportunist Republicans/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|4 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Jules Grevy.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Jules Grévy]]'''<br><small>(1807–1891)</small> |
|||
| 30 January 1879 |
|||
| 2 December 1887 |
|||
| [[Opportunist Republican]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>The first President to complete a full term, he was easily re-elected in December 1885. He was nonetheless forced to resign, following an honours scandal in which his son-in-law was implicated.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Opportunist Republicans/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|5 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Marie Francois Sadi Carnot.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Marie François Sadi Carnot]]'''<br><small>(1837–1894)</small> |
|||
| 3 December 1887 |
|||
| 25 June 1894<small>†</small> |
|||
| [[Opportunist Republican]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>His term was marked by boulangist unrest and the [[Panama scandals]], and by diplomacy with Russia. †Assassinated (stabbed) by [[Sante Geronimo Caserio]] a few months before the end of his mandate, he is interred at the [[Panthéon, Paris]].</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Opportunist Republicans/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|6 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Jean Casimir-Perier.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Jean Casimir-Perier]]'''<br><small>(1847–1907)</small> |
|||
| 27 June 1894 |
|||
| 16 January 1895 |
|||
| [[Opportunist Republican]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Perier's was the shortest Presidential term: he resigned after six months and 20 days.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Opportunist Republicans/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|7 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Felix Faure.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Félix Faure]]'''<br><small>(1841–1899)</small> |
|||
| 17 January 1895 |
|||
| 16 February 1899<small>†</small> |
|||
| [[Opportunist Republican]];<br>[[Progressive Republicans (France)|Progressive Republican]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Pursued colonial expansion and ties with Russia. President during the [[Dreyfus Affair]]. †Four years into his term he died of apoplexy at the [[Élysée Palace]], allegedly ''[[in flagrante]]''.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Democratic Alliance (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|8 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Emile Loubet.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Émile Loubet]]'''<br><small>(1838–1929)</small> |
|||
| 18 February 1899 |
|||
| 18 February 1906 |
|||
| [[Democratic Republican Alliance]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>During his seven-year term, the [[1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State]] was adopted, and only four [[President of the Council of Ministers|Presidents of the Council]] succeeded to the [[Hôtel Matignon]]. He did not seek re-election at the end of his term.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Democratic Alliance (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|9 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Armand Fallieres 1910.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Armand Fallières]]'''<br><small>(1841–1931)</small> |
|||
| 18 February 1906 |
|||
| 18 February 1913 |
|||
| [[Democratic Republican Alliance|Democratic Republican Party]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>President during the [[Agadir Crisis]], when French troops first occupied Morocco. He was a party to the [[Triple Entente]], which he strengthened by diplomacy. Like his predecessor, he did not seek re-election.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Democratic Alliance (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|10 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Raymond Poincaré 1914.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Raymond Poincaré]]'''<br><small>(1860–1934)</small> |
|||
| 18 February 1913 |
|||
| 18 February 1920 |
|||
| [[Democratic Republican Alliance|Democratic Republican Party]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>President during World War I. He subsequently served as [[President of the Council of Ministers|President of the Council]] 1922–1924 and 1926–1929.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Democratic Alliance (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|11 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Paul Deschanel 01.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Paul Deschanel]]'''<br><small>(1855–1922)</small> |
|||
| 18 February 1920 |
|||
| 21 September 1920 |
|||
| [[Democratic Republican Alliance|Democratic Republican and Social Party]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>An intellectual elected to the [[Académie française]], he overcame the popular [[Georges Clemenceau]], to general surprise, in the January 1920 election. He resigned after eight months due to mental health problems.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE" |
|||
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}};" rowspan=2|12 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Alexandre Millerand, 12e président de la République française.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Alexandre Millerand]]'''<br><small>(1859–1943)</small> |
|||
| 23 September 1920 |
|||
| 11 June 1924 |
|||
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>An "[[Independent Socialists (France)|Independent Socialist]]" increasingly drawn to the right wing, he resigned after four years following the victory of the [[Cartel des Gauches]] in the 1924 legislative elections.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Radical Party (France)/meta/color}}; color:white" rowspan=2|13 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Gaston Doumergue 1924.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Gaston Doumergue]]'''<br><small>(1863–1937)</small> |
|||
| 13 June 1924 |
|||
| 13 June 1931 |
|||
| [[Radical Party (France)|Radical-Socialist Party]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>The first Protestant President, he took a firm political stance against Germany and its resurgent nationalism. His seven-year term was marked by ministerial discontinuity.</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Radical Party (France)/meta/color}}; color:white" rowspan=2|14 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[File:Paul Doumer 1931.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Paul Doumer]]'''<br><small>(1857–1932)</small> |
|||
| 13 June 1931 |
|||
| 7 May 1932<small>†</small> |
|||
| [[Radical Party (France)|Radical-Socialist Party]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Elected in the second round of the 1931 election, having displaced the pacifist [[Aristide Briand]]. †Assassinated (shot) by the mentally unstable [[Paul Gorguloff]].</small> |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Democratic Alliance (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|15 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[File:Albert Lebrun 1932 (2).jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Albert François Lebrun|Albert Lebrun]]'''<br><small>(1871–1950)</small> |
|||
| 10 May 1932 |
|||
| 11 July 1940<br><small>(''de facto'')</small> |
|||
| [[Democratic Republican Alliance|Democratic Alliance]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Re-elected in 1939, his second term was interrupted ''de facto'' by the rise to power of [[Marshal of France|Marshal]] [[Philippe Pétain]].</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
===Acting presidents=== |
|||
Under the Third Republic, the [[Prime Minister of France|President of the Council]] served as Acting President whenever the office of President was vacant. |
|||
*[[Jules Armand Dufaure]] (30 January 1879) |
|||
*[[Maurice Rouvier]] (2–3 December 1887) |
|||
*[[Charles Dupuy]] (25–27 June 1894, 16–17 January 1895 and 16–18 February 1899) |
|||
*[[Alexandre Millerand]] (21–23 September 1920) |
|||
*[[Frédéric François-Marsal]] (11–13 June 1924) |
|||
*[[André Tardieu]] (7–10 May 1932) |
|||
''The office of President of the French Republic did not exist from 1940 until 1947''. |
|||
==French State (1940–1944)== |
|||
===Chief of State=== |
|||
{{legend2|{{Vichy/meta/color}}|[[Vichy France|Vichy collaborationist]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Vichy/meta/color}}; color:white" rowspan=2|— |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Image:Philippe Pétain (en civil, autour de 1930).jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=center|'''[[Philippe Pétain]]'''<br><small>(1856–1951)</small> |
|||
| 11 July 1940 |
|||
| 19 August 1944 |
|||
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] |
|||
| rowspan=2| |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Pétain was the ''Chief of the French State'' from 1940 to 1944. A elder [[authoritarian]] military, Pétain issued [[fascist]], [[clerical]] and [[anti-semitic]] laws under the [[Nazi Germany]]'s supervisions. After the [[liberation of France]] in 1944, Pétain was imprisoned for life.</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
==Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1947)== |
|||
===Chairmen of the Provisional Government=== |
|||
*[[Général de brigade|Brigadier General]] [[Charles de Gaulle]] (3 June 1944 – 26 January 1946) |
|||
*[[Félix Gouin]] (26 January 1946 – 24 June 1946) |
|||
*[[Georges Bidault]] (24 June 1946 – 28 November 1946) |
|||
*[[Vincent Auriol]] (interim) (28 November 1946 – 16 December 1946) |
|||
*[[Léon Blum]] (16 December 1946 – 16 January 1947) |
|||
==Fourth French Republic (1947–1959)== |
|||
===Presidents=== |
|||
'''Political Party:''' |
|||
{{legend2|{{French Section of the Workers International/meta/color}}|Socialist ([[French Section of the Workers' International|SFIO]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{{legend2|{{National Centre of Independents and Peasants/meta/color}}|Centre-right ([[National Centre of Independents and Peasants|CNIP]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|-- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office;<br>Electoral mandates |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{French Section of the Workers International/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|16 |
|||
| rowspan=3|[[Image:VincentAuriol.png|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Vincent Auriol]]'''<br><small>(1884–1966)</small> |
|||
| 16 January 1947 || 16 January 1954 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[French Section of the Workers' International]] |
|||
| rowspan="3" | |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 1947|1947]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>First President of the [[Fourth French Republic|Fourth Republic]]; his term was marked by the [[First Indochina War]].</small> |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{National Centre of Independents and Peasants/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|17 |
|||
| rowspan=3|[[Image:René Coty-1929.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[René Coty]]'''<br><small>(1882–1962)</small> |
|||
| 16 January 1954 || 8 January 1959 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[National Centre of Independents and Peasants]] |
|||
| rowspan="3" | |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 1953|1953]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Presidency marked by the [[Algerian War]]; appealed to [[Charles de Gaulle]] to resolve the [[May 1958 crisis]]. Following the promulgation of the [[French Fifth Republic|Fifth Republic]], he resigned after five years as President, giving way to de Gaulle.</small> |
|||
|-- |
|||
|} |
|||
==Fifth French Republic (1959–present)== |
|||
===Presidents=== |
|||
'''Political Party:''' |
|||
{{legend2|{{Socialist Party (France)/meta/color}}|Socialist ([[Socialist Party (France)|PS]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{{legend2|{{Democratic Centre (France)/meta/color}}|Centrist ([[Democratic Centre (France)|CD]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{{legend2|{{Independent Republicans/meta/color}}|Republican ([[Independent Republicans|FNRI]]; [[Republican Party (France)|PR]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{{legend2|{{Rally for the Republic/meta/color}}|[[Gaullism|Gaullist]] ([[Union for the New Republic|UNR]]; [[Union of Democrats for the Republic|UDR]]; [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{{legend2|{{Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color}}|Gaullist/Centre-right ([[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Nº |
|||
! Portrait |
|||
! width=30%|Name<br><small>(Birth–Death)</small> |
|||
! colspan=2 width=30%|Term of Office;<br>Electoral mandates |
|||
! width=35%|Political Party |
|||
! Ref. |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Union for the New Republic/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|18 |
|||
| rowspan=3|[[File:Charles de Gaulle-1963.jpg|80px]] |
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| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Charles de Gaulle]]'''<br><small>(1890–1970)</small> |
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| 8 January 1959 || 28 April 1969 |
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| rowspan=2|[[Union for the New Republic]] <br><small>(renamed [[Union of Democrats for the Republic|Union of Democrats for the Fifth Republic]] in 1967)</small> |
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| rowspan="3" | |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 1958|1958]], [[French presidential election, 1965|1965]] |
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|- |
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| colspan=3|<small>Leader of the [[Free French Forces]] 1940-1944. President of the [[Provisional Government of the French Republic|Provisional Government]] 1944–1946. Appointed [[President of the Council of Ministers|President of the Council]] by [[René Coty]] in May 1958, to resolve the crisis of the [[Algerian War]]. He adopted a new Constitution, thus founding the [[Fifth French Republic|Fifth Republic]]. Easily elected President in the [[French presidential election, 1958|1958 election]] by electoral college, he took office the following month; he was re-elected by universal suffrage in the [[French presidential election, 1965|1965 election]]. In 1966, he withdrew France from [[NATO]] integrated military command, and expelled the American bases on French soil. Having refused to step down during the crisis of [[May 1968 in France|May 1968]], resigned following the failure of the [[French constitutional referendum, 1969|1969 referendum on regionalisation]].</small> |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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! style="background:{{Democratic Centre (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|— |
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| rowspan=2 align=center|[[File:Alainpoher.JPG|55px]] |
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| rowspan=2 align=center|[[Alain Poher]] ''(interim)''<br><small>(1909–1996)</small> |
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| 28 April 1969 || 20 June 1969 |
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| [[Democratic Centre (France)|Democratic Centre]] |
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| rowspan="2" | |
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|- |
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| colspan=3|<small>Interim President, as [[List of Presidents of the French Senate|President of the Senate]]. Defeated by [[Georges Pompidou]] in the second round of the [[French presidential election, 1969|1969 election]].</small> |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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! style="background:{{Union of Democrats for the Republic/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|19 |
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| rowspan=3|[[Image:Georges Pompidou - Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F020538-0006.jpg|80px]] |
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| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Georges Pompidou]]'''<br><small>(1911–1974)</small> |
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| 20 June 1969 || 2 April 1974<small>†</small> |
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| rowspan=2|[[Union of Democrats for the Republic]] |
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| rowspan="3" | |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 1969|1969]] |
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|- |
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| colspan=3|<small>[[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]] under [[Charles de Gaulle]] 1962–1968. Elected President in the [[French presidential election, 1969|1969 election]] against the centrist [[Alain Poher]]. Favoured European integration. Supported economic modernisation and industrialisation. Faced the [[1973 oil crisis]]. †Died in office of [[Waldenström's macroglobulinemia]], two years before the end of his mandate.</small> |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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! style="background:{{Democratic Centre (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=2|— |
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| rowspan=2 align=center|[[File:Alainpoher.JPG|55px]] |
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| rowspan=2 align=center|[[Alain Poher]] ''(interim)''<br><small>(1909–1996)</small> |
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| 2 April 1974 || 27 May 1974 |
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| [[Democratic Centre (France)|Democratic Centre]] |
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| rowspan="2" | |
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|- |
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| colspan=3|<small>Interim President again, as [[List of Presidents of the French Senate|President of the Senate]]. Did not stand against [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] in the [[French presidential election, 1974|1974 election]].</small> |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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! style="background:{{Independent Republicans/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|20 |
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| rowspan=3|[[Image:Valéry Giscard d’Estaing 1978(3).jpg|80px]] |
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| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]]'''<br><small>(1926–)</small> |
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| 27 May 1974 || 21 May 1981 |
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| rowspan=2|[[Independent Republicans]] <small>(until 1977)</small><br>[[Republican Party (France)|Republican Party]] <small>(from 1977)</small><br><small>(within [[Union for French Democracy]] from 1978)</small> |
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| rowspan="3" | |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 1974|1974]] |
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|- |
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| colspan=3|<small>Founder of the [[Independent Republicans|FNRI]] and later the [[Union for French Democracy|UDF]] in his efforts to unify the centre-right, he served in several Gaullist governments. Narrowly elected in the [[French presidential election, 1974|1974 election]], he instigated numerous reforms, including the lowering of the age of civil majority from 21 to 18, and the legalisation of abortion. He soon faced a global economic crisis and rising unemployment. Although the polls initially gave him a lead, he was defeated in the [[French presidential election, 1981|1981 election]] by [[François Mitterrand]], partly due to the disunion within the right wing.</small> |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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! style="background:{{Socialist Party (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|21 |
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| rowspan=3|[[Image:Reagan_Mitterrand_1984_(cropped 2).jpg|80px]] |
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| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[François Mitterrand]]'''<br><small>(1916–1996)</small> |
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| 21 May 1981 || 17 May 1995 |
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| rowspan=2|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] |
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| rowspan="3" | |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 1981|1981]], [[French presidential election, 1988|1988]] |
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|- |
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| colspan=3|<small>Candidate of a united left-wing ticket in the [[French presidential election, 1965|1965 election]], he founded the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] in 1971. Having narrowly lost the [[French presidential election, 1974|1974 election]], he was finally elected in the [[French presidential election, 1981|1981 election]]. He instigated several reforms (abolition of the death penalty, a fifth week of paid leave for employees). After the right-wing victory in the [[French legislative election, 1986|1986 legislative elections]], he named [[Jacques Chirac]] Prime Minister, thus beginning the first [[cohabitation (government)|cohabitation]]. Re-elected in the [[French presidential election, 1988|1988 election]] against Chirac, he was again forced to cohabit with [[Édouard Balladur]] following the [[French legislative election, 1993|1993 legislative elections]]. He retired in 1995 after the conclusion of his second term. He was the first President elected twice by universal suffrage, he was the first left-wing President of the [[French Fifth Republic|Fifth Republic]], and his Presidential tenure was the longest of the Fifth Republic.</small> |
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|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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! style="background:{{Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|22 |
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| rowspan=3|[[Image:Jacques Chirac.jpg|80px]] |
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| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Jacques Chirac]]'''<br><small>(1932–)</small> |
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| 17 May 1995 || 16 May 2007 |
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| rowspan=2|[[Rally for the Republic]] <small>(until 2002)</small><br>[[Union for a Popular Movement]] <small>(from 2002)</small> |
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| rowspan="3" | |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 1995|1995]], [[French presidential election, 2002|2002]] |
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|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>[[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]] 1974–1976; on resignation, founded the [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]. Eliminated in the first round of the [[French presidential election, 1981|1981 election]], he again served as Prime Minister 1986–1988. Beaten in the [[French presidential election, 1988|1988 election]], he was elected in the [[French presidential election, 1995|1995 election]]. He engaged in social reforms to counter "social fracture". In 1997, he dissolved the [[National Assembly of France|Assemblée nationale]]; a left-wing victory in the [[French legislative election, 1997|1997 legislative elections]], forced him to name [[Lionel Jospin]] Prime Minister for a five-year [[cohabitation (government)|cohabitation]]. Presidential terms reduced from seven to five years. In [[French presidential election, 2002|2002]], he was re-elected against the leader of the extreme right-wing [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]. Opposed the [[Iraq War]]. He did not run in [[French presidential election, 2007|2007]], he retired from political life and returned to the [[Constitutional Council of France|Conseil constitutionnel]].</small> |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
|||
! style="background:{{Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|23 |
|||
| rowspan=3|[[File:Flickr - europeanpeoplesparty - EPP Summit October 2010 (105).jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[Nicolas Sarkozy]]'''<br><small>(1955–)</small> |
|||
| 16 May 2007 || 15 May 2012 |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Union for a Popular Movement]] |
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| rowspan="3" | |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 2007|2007]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Served in numerous ministerial posts 1993–1995 and 2002–2007. Leader of the [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]] since 2004. In the [[French presidential election, 2007|2007 election]], he topped the first round poll, and was elected in the second round against [[Ségolène Royal]]. Soon after taking office, he introduced the [[French fiscal package of 2007]] and other laws to counter [[illegal immigration]] and [[recidivism]]. [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union|President of the Council of the EU]] in 2008, he defended the [[Treaty of Lisbon]] and mediated in the [[2008 South Ossetia war|South Ossetia War]]; at national level, he had to deal with the [[financial crisis of 2007–2010|financial crisis]] and its consequences. Following the [[French constitutional law of 23 July 2008|2008 constitutional reform]], he became the first President since [[Napoleon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] to address the [[Congress of France|Versailles Congress]] on 22 June 2009. President of the [[G8]] and the [[G-20 major economies|G20]] in 2011. Defeated in the [[French presidential election, 2012|2012 election]].</small> |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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! style="background:{{Socialist Party (France)/meta/color}}; color:white;" rowspan=3|24 |
|||
| rowspan=3|[[File:Francois Hollande and Vladimir Putin, Moscow 6 dec 2014 - 05-cropped.jpg|80px]] |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=center|'''[[François Hollande]]'''<br><small>(1954–)</small> |
|||
| 15 May 2012 || Incumbent |
|||
| rowspan=2|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] |
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| rowspan="3" | |
|||
|-- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |
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| colspan=2 align="center"|[[French presidential election, 2012|2012]] |
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|- |
|||
| colspan=3|<small>Served as [[Deputy (France)|Deputy]] for [[Corrèze's 1st Constituency|Corrèze 1]] 1988–1993, 1997; and as [[First Secretary of the French Socialist Party|First Secretary of the]] [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] 1997–2008. He was [[List of mayors of Tulle|Mayor of Tulle]] 2001–2008, and [[List of Presidents of Corrèze General Council|President of the]] [[Corrèze General Council]] 2008–2012. The second left-wing President of the Fifth Republic. Elected in the [[French presidential election, 2012|2012 election]], defeating [[Nicolas Sarkozy]].</small> |
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|-- |
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|} |
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[[:Category:Deputies to the French National Convention| ]] |
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[[:Category:Lists of heads of state|France]] |
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[[:Category:Heads of state of France]] |
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[[:Category:Lists of presidents|French republic]] |
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[[:Category:Lists of French people|Presidents]] |
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[[:Category:Lists of monarchs|France]] |
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[[:Category:Lists of political office-holders in France]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:19, 30 April 2023
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This is a route-map template for the Canadian, a passenger train in Canada.
- For a key to symbols, see {{railway line legend}}.
- For information on using this template, see Template:Routemap.
- For pictograms used, see Commons:BSicon/Catalogue.
Note: Per consensus and convention, most route-map templates are used in a single article in order to separate their complex and fragile syntax from normal article wikitext. See these discussions [1],[2] for more information.