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→Anomalous effects: The already-referenced paper "Some comments on implosion and Brown gas" substantiates this claim. Provide URL for an abstract.
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#REDIRECT [[Oxyhydrogen#Brown's gas]]
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{{Redirect category shell|
'''Brown's gas''' is a mixture of [[oxygen]] and [[hydrogen]] [[gas]] ([[oxyhydrogen]]),<!-- though we give it a separate article because proponents claim it to be different --> produced by the common-ducted [[electrolysis of water]], promoted by Yull Brown as a fuel for [[welding]], [[brazing]], and the like. It is sometimes claimed by others to have special properties that defy the laws of physics.
{{R to section}}

}}
== Welding ==
In standard [[Oxy-fuel welding and cutting#Hydrogen|oxy-hydrogen welding]] (using separate tanks for each gas), the ratio of each gas in the mixture must be very carefully controlled before burning, as excess oxygen will result in [[oxidation]] of the metal, and excess hydrogen will result in [[hydrogen embrittlement]].<ref name="US4014777">{{US patent reference
| number = 4014777
| y = 1977
| m = 03
| d = 29
| inventor = Yull Brown
| title = Welding
}}</ref>

Since Brown's gas is generated directly from water in a closed container, it is already in the perfect mixture required for this type of welding. Brown's welding devices use [[water electrolysis]] in a common chamber to generate a [[stoichiometric]] mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, which is then passed through a flash-back arrestor and into a burner, where it is ignited to create a flame.<ref name="US4081656">{{US patent reference
| number = 4081656
| y = 1978
| m = 03
| d = 28
| inventor = Yull Brown
| title = Arc-assisted oxy/hydrogen welding
}}</ref>

This [[oxyhydrogen flame]] is also more convenient than fuels like [[acetylene]] due to the generation of gas on demand, instead of buying and transporting containers of fuel. Brown's gas generators only require a source of water and electrical energy.<ref name="US4014777"/> While acetylene burns at 2670 °C, which is hotter than a hydrogen-air flame (2400 °C), the oxyhydrogen flame theoretically burns at a hotter 3100 °C (according to Brown's patents).<ref name="Electronics">{{Cite news
| volume = 69
| issue = 2
| pages = 22
| last = Don Lancaster
| title = Investigating Brown's gas, a tiny TV generator, and more
| work = Electronics Now
| date = 1998-02
| url = http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9314717_ITM
}}</ref>

=== Atomic welding ===

Brown also describes "atomic welding" in his patents, in which an [[electric arc]] is passed through the mixture of gas before burning, so that the gas molecules break into atomic oxygen and hydrogen, using the electrical energy to produce a hotter flame when the atoms recombine ("218,000 cal. per gram mole").<ref name="US4014777"/>

=== Safety ===

Usual oxy-hydrogen welding apparatus keeps the gases in separate tanks, due to the danger of explosion if the mixture is ignited inside a container. Brown includes a number of safety devices, however, such as porous plugs that allow gas through but not the heat of a flame, and claims that his welding device is safe. The current is varied so that gas is only generated as it is needed.<ref name="US4014777"/>

== Waste disposal ==

The high temperatures from burning Brown's gas can also be used for the [[vitrification]] of [[incinerator]] waste, turning the ash into a safer glass-like substance.<ref>{{Cite journal
| title = Vitrification of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash Using Brown's Gas
| accessdate = 2007-04-05
| url = http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/enfuem/2005/19/i01/html/ef049953z.html
}}</ref>

== Anomalous effects ==

Many other dubious claims about the gas are made by proponents, such as a "self-adjusting" temperature, in which the flame becomes hotter when directed at tougher materials, but becomes cool when touched briefly by a finger.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} This has been attributed to misinterpretations of [[infrared thermometer]] readings and the flame not emitting enough energy to burn the finger in such a short duration of time.<ref name="Electronics"/>

Brown's gas is claimed to be fundamentally different from oxyhydrogen because it implodes when ignited, rather than exploding. South Korean Hung-Kuk Oh of [[Ajou University]], for instance, claims that the implosion effect cannot be explained by modern physics, and proposes that the effect is caused by a "strong gravitational cavity" from "[[Crystallization|crystallizing]] [[Pi bond|π-bonding]] of hydrogen".<ref>{{Cite journal
| volume = 95
| issue = 1-3
| pages = 8-9
| last = Oh
| first = Hung-Kuk
| title = Some comments on implosion and Brown gas
| journal = Journal of Materials Processing Technology
| date = [[1999-10-15]]
| url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGJ-3XMGSNN-2&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F15%2F1999&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=cbe4c4bc53b7c4e3b8ccbd763513913e
}}</ref> [[Don Lancaster]] points out that the effect can be explained simply by the rapid condensation of the resulting steam on the container's walls.<ref name="Electronics"/>

== See also ==
* [[HHO gas]]
* [[Oxyhydrogen]]
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* [[Oxyhydrogen flame]]
* [[Water torch]], which also uses a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen made by [[electrolysis]], kept in separate chambers.

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Pseudoscience]]

Latest revision as of 18:42, 8 May 2023

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