Christie M1931: Difference between revisions
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{{AFC submission||ns=118|u=Kvng|ts=20201015035624}} <!-- Do not remove this line! --> |
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{{Infobox weapon |
{{Infobox weapon |
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| name = Christie M1931 <br /> T1 Combat Car <br /> T3 Medium Tank |
| name = Christie M1931 <br /> T1 Combat Car <br /> T3 Medium Tank |
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| image = File:Christie M.1931 Rahway.jpg |
| image = File:Christie M.1931 Rahway.jpg |
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| image_size = 300 |
| image_size = 300 |
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| caption = Christie M.1931 during a demonstration |
| caption = Christie M.1931 during a demonstration, with Christie himself standing in the turret |
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| origin = United States |
| origin = United States |
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| type = [[ |
| type = [[Medium tank]] |
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| is_vehicle = yes |
| is_vehicle = yes |
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<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour = {{convert|5/8| in|mm|abbr=on}} maximum{{efn|on hull front}} {{sfn|Hunnicutt|1978|p=24}} |
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour = {{convert|5/8| in|mm|abbr=on}} maximum{{efn|on hull front}} {{sfn|Hunnicutt|1978|p=24}} |
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| primary_armament = [[Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP|37mm M1916]] (T3 Medium) <br /> [[.50 BMG]] [[M2 Browning machine gun]] (T1 Combat Car) |
| primary_armament = [[Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP|37mm M1916]] (T3 Medium) <br /> [[.50 BMG|0.50 in (12.7 mm)]] [[M2 Browning machine gun]] (T1 Combat Car) |
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| secondary_armament = [[.30-06 Springfield]] [[M1919 Browning machine gun|M1919A4 Browning machine gun]] |
| secondary_armament = [[.30-06 Springfield|.30 in (7.62 mm)]] [[M1919 Browning machine gun|M1919A4 Browning machine gun]] |
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| engine = [[Liberty L-12]] 12-cylinder gasoline engine |
| engine = [[Liberty L-12]] 12-cylinder gasoline engine |
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|engine_power=449 hp (335 kW) at 2,000 rpm |
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| pw_ratio = |
| pw_ratio = |
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| transmission = |
| transmission = |
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| fuel_capacity = |
| fuel_capacity = |
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| vehicle_range = |
| vehicle_range = |
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| speed = {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} |
| speed = {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on wheels <br /> {{convert|25|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on tracks {{sfn|Hunnicutt|1978|p=24}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Christie M1931''', known as the '''Combat Car, T1''' in US Cavalry use and '''Medium Tank, Convertible, T3''' in Infantry branch, was a wheel- |
The '''Christie M1931''', known as the '''Combat Car, T1''' in US Cavalry use and '''Medium Tank, Convertible, T3''' in Infantry branch, was a wheel-to-track tank designed by [[J. Walter Christie]] for the [[United States Army]] using Christie's ideas of an [[aero-engine]] and the novel [[Christie suspension]] to give high mobility. |
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The M1931 was Christie's first tank to be accepted for production by the US Army and was used briefly by experimental tank units. Christie's design had more influence in Europe, with the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]] developing Christie's ideas in the form of [[BT tank|''Bystrokhodny'' (fast) tanks]] and [[cruiser tank]]s respectively. |
The M1931 was Christie's first tank to be accepted for production by the US Army and was used briefly by experimental tank units. Christie's design had more influence in Europe, with the [[Soviet Union|USSR]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]] developing Christie's ideas in the form of [[BT tank|''Bystrokhodny'' (fast) tanks]] and [[cruiser tank]]s respectively. |
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In 1930, after protracted negotiations, a contract was signed with Christie's US Wheel Track Layer Corporation to build an improved version of the M1928 at a cost of $55,000. |
In 1930, after protracted negotiations, a contract was signed with Christie's US Wheel Track Layer Corporation to build an improved version of the M1928 at a cost of $55,000. |
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The prototype M1931, without armament, was delivered in March 1931. An order for seven more was placed in June; these were delivered by 1932. Officially called the "Convertible Medium Tank T3", three went to Company F, [[67th Infantry Regiment (Medium Tanks)|67th Infantry (Medium Tanks)]] at [[Fort Benning]]. The remaining four were passed to the [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry Regiment (Mechanized)]] at [[Fort Knox]]. With the gun replaced by a [[heavy machine gun]] they were renamed "Combat Car T1".{{sfn|Hofmann|2006|pp=174–175}}<ref>Hunnicutt pp. 23–24</ref>{{efn|The Cavalry were not allowed - by the [[National Defense Act of 1920]] - to possess "tanks" which were defined as limited to the Infantry, so the renaming was a way to circumvent the prohibition}} The prototype was returned to Christie. |
The prototype M1931, without armament, was delivered in March 1931. An order for seven more was placed in June; these were delivered by 1932. Officially called the "Convertible Medium Tank T3", three went to Company F, [[67th Infantry Regiment (Medium Tanks)|67th Infantry (Medium Tanks)]] at [[Fort Benning]]. The remaining four were passed to the [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry Regiment (Mechanized)]] at [[Fort Knox]]. With the gun replaced by a [[heavy machine gun]], they were renamed "Combat Car T1".{{sfn|Hofmann|2006|pp=174–175}}<ref>Hunnicutt pp. 23–24</ref>{{efn|The Cavalry were not allowed - by the [[National Defense Act of 1920]] - to possess "tanks" which were defined as limited to the Infantry, so the renaming was a way to circumvent the prohibition}} The prototype was returned to Christie. |
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<!-- from suspension article "The crew of two and relatively light armour was insufficient for the infantry support function the tank was expected to have. The Army drew up a specification for an improved T3 but following disputes with Christie the order - for 5 of the "Convertible Medium Tank T3E2" was given to the American-La France company.<ref>Hunnicutt pp. 23–24</ref>" --> |
<!-- from suspension article "The crew of two and relatively light armour was insufficient for the infantry support function the tank was expected to have. The Army drew up a specification for an improved T3 but following disputes with Christie the order - for 5 of the "Convertible Medium Tank T3E2" was given to the American-La France company.<ref>Hunnicutt pp. 23–24</ref>" --> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Hofmann|first=George F.|title=Through Mobility We Conquer: The Mechanization of U.S. Cavalry|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8131-2403-2}} |
* {{Cite book |last=Hofmann |first=George F. |title=Through Mobility We Conquer: The Mechanization of U.S. Cavalry |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8131-2403-2}} |
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* {{cite book | first = |
* {{cite book | first = R.P. | last = Hunnicutt |authorlink=R. P. Hunnicutt | title=Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank | year = 1978 | publisher=Presidio Press | isbn=978-1-62654-862-6 }} |
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* {{cite book |last=Neal |first=R. J.|year=2009 |title=A Technical & Operational History of the Liberty Engine: Tanks, Ships and Aircraft 1917–1960 |location=United States |publisher=Specialty Press |isbn=978-1-58007-149-9}} |
* {{cite book |last=Neal |first=R. J. |year=2009 |title=A Technical & Operational History of the Liberty Engine: Tanks, Ships and Aircraft 1917–1960 |location=United States |publisher=Specialty Press |isbn=978-1-58007-149-9}} |
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* {{cite book| last1=Ellis |first1=C. |last2=Chamberlain |first2=P.|year=1972 |title=Pictorial History of Tanks of the World, 1915–45 |location=United States |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=978-0-8117-1261-3}} |
* {{cite book| last1=Ellis |first1=C. |last2=Chamberlain |first2=P. |year=1972 |title=Pictorial History of Tanks of the World, 1915–45 |location=United States |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=978-0-8117-1261-3}} |
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* {{cite book|authorlink=Steven Zaloga|first=Steven |last=Zaloga |year=2015 |title=Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Mechanicsburg, PA |isbn=978-0-8117-1437-2}} |
* {{cite book |authorlink=Steven Zaloga |first=Steven |last=Zaloga |year=2015 |title=Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Mechanicsburg, PA |isbn=978-0-8117-1437-2}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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* [http://www.tankarchives.ca/2016/11/christie-m1931.html "Christie M1931"] at Tank Archives |
* [http://www.tankarchives.ca/2016/11/christie-m1931.html "Christie M1931"] at Tank Archives |
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[[ |
[[Category:Interwar tanks of the United States]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:26, 12 May 2023
| Christie M1931 T1 Combat Car T3 Medium Tank | |
|---|---|
 Christie M.1931 during a demonstration, with Christie himself standing in the turret | |
| Type | Medium tank |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1932–1936 |
| Used by | United States |
| Production history | |
| Designer | J. Walter Christie (US Wheel Track Layer Corporation) |
| Designed | 1930 |
| Manufacturer | US Wheel Track Layer Corporation |
| Unit cost | $34,500 (without armament, turret, engine, muffler or radio) |
| Produced | 1930–1931 |
| No. built | 9 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 22,220 lb (10 tonnes) [1] combat weight |
| Length | 5.55 m (18 ft 3 in) |
| Width | 2.23 m (7 ft 4 in) |
| Height | 2.28 m (7 ft 6 in) |
| Crew | 2 (Gunner, driver) [1] |
| Armor | 5⁄8 in (16 mm) maximum[a] [1] |
Main armament | 37mm M1916 (T3 Medium) 0.50 in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine gun (T1 Combat Car) |
Secondary armament | .30 in (7.62 mm) M1919A4 Browning machine gun |
| Engine | Liberty L-12 12-cylinder gasoline engine 449 hp (335 kW) at 2,000 rpm |
| Suspension | Christie suspension |
| Maximum speed | 40 mph (64 km/h) on wheels 25 mph (40 km/h) on tracks [1] |
The Christie M1931, known as the Combat Car, T1 in US Cavalry use and Medium Tank, Convertible, T3 in Infantry branch, was a wheel-to-track tank designed by J. Walter Christie for the United States Army using Christie's ideas of an aero-engine and the novel Christie suspension to give high mobility.
The M1931 was Christie's first tank to be accepted for production by the US Army and was used briefly by experimental tank units. Christie's design had more influence in Europe, with the USSR and the UK developing Christie's ideas in the form of Bystrokhodny (fast) tanks and cruiser tanks respectively.
Development
[edit]The Christie M1931 originated as the M1928, which used Christie's suspension, and had the ability to run on its tracks or the wheels. The M1928 was demonstrated unofficially to the US Army by traversing a route at an average speed of 45 km/h (28 mph); by contrast the US Army's T1E1 tanks – expected to replace their WWI-era M1917 light tanks – averaged 16 km/h (9.9 mph) over the same route. This prompted sufficient interest to properly consider Christie's ideas.
In 1930, after protracted negotiations, a contract was signed with Christie's US Wheel Track Layer Corporation to build an improved version of the M1928 at a cost of $55,000.
The prototype M1931, without armament, was delivered in March 1931. An order for seven more was placed in June; these were delivered by 1932. Officially called the "Convertible Medium Tank T3", three went to Company F, 67th Infantry (Medium Tanks) at Fort Benning. The remaining four were passed to the 1st Cavalry Regiment (Mechanized) at Fort Knox. With the gun replaced by a heavy machine gun, they were renamed "Combat Car T1".[2][3][b] The prototype was returned to Christie.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ on hull front
- ^ The Cavalry were not allowed - by the National Defense Act of 1920 - to possess "tanks" which were defined as limited to the Infantry, so the renaming was a way to circumvent the prohibition
- ^ a b c d Hunnicutt 1978, p. 24.
- ^ Hofmann 2006, pp. 174–175.
- ^ Hunnicutt pp. 23–24
References
[edit]- Hofmann, George F. (2006). Through Mobility We Conquer: The Mechanization of U.S. Cavalry. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2403-2.
- Hunnicutt, R.P. (1978). Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank. Presidio Press. ISBN 978-1-62654-862-6.
- Neal, R. J. (2009). A Technical & Operational History of the Liberty Engine: Tanks, Ships and Aircraft 1917–1960. United States: Specialty Press. ISBN 978-1-58007-149-9.
- Ellis, C.; Chamberlain, P. (1972). Pictorial History of Tanks of the World, 1915–45. United States: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-1261-3.
- Zaloga, Steven (2015). Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-1437-2.
External links
[edit]- "Christie M1931/ Medium Tank T3/ Combat Car T1" at History of War
- "Christie M1931" at Tank Archives