Laughingthrushe: Difference between revisions
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{{Taxobox |
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| name = Garrulax |
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| image = A03 2880 640x427.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''[[Garrulax leucolophus]]'' |
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| regnum = [[Animalia]] |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Aves]] |
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| ordo = [[Passeriformes]] |
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| familia = [[Leiothrichidae]] |
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| genus = '''''Garrulax''''' |
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| genus_authority = [[René Primevère Lesson|Lesson]], 1831 |
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}} |
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{{R from misspelling}} |
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The '''Laughingthrushes''' are the genus [[Garrulax]] and [[Trochalopteron]] of the [[Leiothrichidae]] family of [[passerine]] [[bird]]s. They primarily occur in tropical [[Asia]]. |
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These are rangy, medium-sized landbirds. These birds have strong legs and are quite terrestrial. This group is not strongly [[bird migration|migratory]], and most [[species]] have short rounded wings, and a weak flight. |
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A few, like the [[Streaked Laughingthrush]] occur in fairly open habitats, but most are jungle species, difficult to observe in the dense vegetation they prefer. |
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These are noisy birds, and the characteristic laughing calls are often the best indication that these birds are present. They frequently occur in groups of up to a dozen, and the rainforest species like the [[Ashy-headed Laughingthrush]] often occur in the mixed feeding flocks typical of tropical Asian jungle. |
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== Systematics == |
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Most [[molecular phylogeny]] studies, for example, used only the [[White-crested Laughingthrush]] as an "example" of this "genus", because specimens were readily available. Morphological studies, on the other hand, had usually more material at their disposal, but these too were generally conducted under a false assumption of monophyly. A 2003 study,<ref>Cibois (2003)</ref> analyzing [[mtDNA]] [[cytochrome b|cytochrome ''b'']] and [[12S rRNA|12S]]/[[MT-RNR2|16S rRNA]] data of a number of laughingthrushes, did establish however that there is no such thing as a "representative" laughingthrush. Consequently most of the work regarding the evolution of this assemblage needs to be evaluated anew and if necessary even redone. Indeed, the taxon ''Garrulax'' would need to be restricted to the [[type species]] ([[Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush]]) and its closest relatives, but the species generally considered the most likely candidates have not been comprehensively studied in recent times.<ref>Cibois (2003), Pasquet ''et al.'' (2006)</ref> |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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* Cibois, Alice (2003a): Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of Babblers (Timaliidae). ''[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]'' '''120'''(1): 1-20. <small>[[Digital Object Identifier|DOI]]: 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0035:MDPOBT]2.0.CO;2</small> [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_200301/ai_n9225604 HTML fulltext without images] |
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* Collar, N.J. & Robson, Craig (2007): Family Timaliidae (Babblers). ''In:'' del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Christie, D.A. (eds.): ''[[Handbook of Birds of the World]], Volume 12'' (Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees): 70-291. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. |
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* Pasquet, Eric; Bourdon, Estelle; Kalyakin, Mikhail V. & Cibois, Alice (2006). The fulvettas (''Alcippe''), Timaliidae, Aves): a polyphyletic group. ''[[Zoologica Scripta]]'' '''35''', 559–566. <small>{{doi|10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00253.x}}</small> (HTML abstract) |
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* [[Pamela Rasmussen|Rasmussen, Pamela C.]] & Anderton, J.C. (2005): ''[[Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide]]''. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, Washington DC and Barcelona. |
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== External links == |
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{{commons category|Garrulax}} |
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*[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/babblers-timaliidae Laughingthrush videos] on the Internet Bird Collection |
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[[Category:Garrulax|*]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:22, 14 May 2023
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