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| name = Hantili I
| name = Hantili I
| predecessor = [[Mursili I]]
| predecessor = [[Mursili I]]
| image = Hititas 1300 adC.svg
|image=Hittite Empire.png
|caption=The approximate extent of the Hittite Old Kingdom under Hantili I is shown in red.
| caption = The approximate extent of the Hittite Old Kingdom under Hantili I is shown in red.
| successor = [[Zidanta I]]
| successor = [[Zidanta I]]
⚫
| spouse = Queen [[Ḫarapšili]]<ref>''The Tawananna in the Hittite kingdom'' by Shoshana R. Bin-Nun. [https://books.google.com/books?id=X3hiAAAAMAAJ&q=Harapsili Online version].</ref>
| religion =[[Hittite mythology|Hittite religion]]
⚫
| spouse =Queen [[Ḫarapšili]]<ref>''The Tawananna in the Hittite kingdom'' by Shoshana R. Bin-Nun. [https://books.google.com/books?id=X3hiAAAAMAAJ&q=Harapsili&dq=Harapsili&hl=hr&sa=X&ei=3JSnT5ORKcGN-wa0o5j4Ag&redir_esc=y Online version].</ref>
| children = Daughter
| children = Daughter
| parents =
| parents =
| relatives = [[Ammuna]] (grandson)
| relatives = [[Ammuna]] (grandson)
}}
}}
'''Hantili I''' was a king of the [[Hittites]] during the Hittite Old Kingdom. His reign lasted for 30 years, from c. 1526-1496 BC.
'''Hantili I''' was a king of the [[Hittites]] during the Hittite Old Kingdom. His reign lasted for 30 years, from c. 1590 to c. 1560 BC ([[middle chronology]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Kuhrt |first=Amélie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhUHEAAAQBAJ |title=The Ancient Near East: c.3000–330 BC, Volume One |date=2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-75548-4 |pages=230 |language=en}}</ref>


== Biography ==
== Biography ==


===Rise to power===
===Rise to power===
According to the [[Telepinu Proclamation]], Hantili was the royal [[cup-bearer]] to [[Mursili I]], king of the Hittites. Hantili was married to [[Ḫarapšili]], Mursili’s sister.<ref>''Telepinu Proclamation'', §10</ref> Around the year 1526 B.C., Hantili, with the help of [[Zidanta I|Zidanta]], his son-in-law, [[Murder|assassinated]] Mursili. Afterwards, Hantili [[Order of succession|succeeded]] him as king of the Hittites.<ref>The ''Proclamation'' does not ever specifically say that Hantili succeeded Mursili as king, but the Akkadian version of the text indicates that his wife was Queen. Also, a phrase in the ''Proclamation'' referring to his final years ("When Hantili had grown old and was about to become a [[God]]") is a standard expression which was only used to describe the death of a king.</ref>
According to the [[Telepinu Proclamation]], Hantili was the royal [[cup-bearer]] to [[Mursili I]], king of the Hittites. Hantili was married to [[Ḫarapšili]], Mursili's sister.<ref>''Telepinu Proclamation'', §10</ref> Around the year 1590 B.C., Hantili, with the help of [[Zidanta I|Zidanta]], his son-in-law, [[Murder|assassinated]] Mursili. Afterwards, Hantili [[Order of succession|succeeded]] him as king of the Hittites.<ref>The ''Proclamation'' does not ever specifically say that Hantili succeeded Mursili as king, but the Akkadian version of the text indicates that his wife was Queen. Also, a phrase in the ''Proclamation'' referring to his final years ("When Hantili had grown old and was about to become a [[God]]") is a standard expression which was only used to describe the death of a king.</ref>


===Reign===
===Reign===
There are only a few scattered sources left that describe the [[reign]] of Hantili.<ref>Bryce, 1998 (p. 100)</ref> During his reign, he continued the [[Military|militaristic]] traditions of the kings before him. One of Hantili’s main concerns was maintaining Hittite control in [[Syria]]. He journeyed to the city of [[Carchemish]] to conduct a [[military campaign]], most likely against the [[Hurrians]],<ref>Bryce, 1998 (p. 100)</ref> longtime enemies of the Hittites. The success of this campaign is unknown.
There are only a few scattered sources left that describe the [[reign]] of Hantili.<ref>Bryce, (2005) p. 100.</ref> During his reign, he continued the [[Military|militaristic]] traditions of the kings before him. One of Hantili's main concerns was maintaining Hittite control in [[Syria]]. He journeyed to the city of [[Carchemish]] to conduct a [[military campaign]], most likely against the [[Hurrians]],<ref>Bryce, (2005) p. 100.</ref> longtime enemies of the Hittites. The success of this campaign is unknown.


After the conclusion of this campaign, he made his return journey to [[Hattusa]], the Hittite [[Capital city|capital]]. While on this journey, he reached the city of [[Tegarama]], which is possibly the modern-day [[Turkey|Turkish]] city of [[Gürün]]. At this point, the ''Telepinu Proclamation'' states that Hantili started to regret that he had killed Mursili, saying to himself, "What is this (that) I have done? [Why] did I listen to [the words of] Zidanta, my [son-in-law]? As soon as] he reigned [as king], the [[Hittite mythology|gods]] sought ([[justice]] for) the [[blood]] of Muršili."<ref>''Telepinu Proclamation'', §13</ref>
After the conclusion of this campaign, he made his return journey to [[Hattusa]], the Hittite [[Capital city|capital]]. While on this journey, he reached the city of [[Tegarama]], which is possibly the modern-day [[Turkey|Turkish]] city of [[Gürün]]. At this point, the ''Telepinu Proclamation'' states that Hantili started to regret that he had killed Mursili, saying to himself, "What is this (that) I have done? [Why] did I listen to [the words of] Zidanta, my [son-in-law]? As soon as] he reigned [as king], the [[Hittite mythology|gods]] sought ([[justice]] for) the [[blood]] of Muršili."<ref>''Telepinu Proclamation'', §13</ref>


== Family ==
== Family ==
Hantili’s parents are not known. His wife was Queen [[Ḫarapšili]], and they had at least one daughter. Hantili’s grandson was [[Ammuna]], who killed Zidanta.
Hantili's parents are not known. His wife was Queen [[Ḫarapšili]], and they had at least one daughter. Hantili's grandson was [[Ammuna]], who killed Zidanta.


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Ancient Near East}}
{{Portal|Asia}}
* [[History of the Hittites]]
* [[History of the Hittites]]
* [[List of Hittite kings]]
* [[List of Hittite kings]]
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{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-bef | before=[[Mursili I]]}}
{{S-bef
| before = [[Mursili I]]
}}
{{S-ttl | title=[[Hittite king]] | years=ca. 1526–1496 BC}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[Hittite king]]
| years = ca. 1590–1560 BC
}}
{{S-aft | after=[[Zidanta I]]}}
{{S-aft
| after = [[Zidanta I]]
}}
{{end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Hittite kings}}
{{Hittite kings}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hantili 01}}
[[Category:Hittite kings]]
[[Category:Hittite kings]]
[[Category:16th-century BC rulers]]
[[Category:16th-century BC monarchs]]
[[Category:Kings consort]]

Latest revision as of 15:28, 27 May 2023

Hantili I
The approximate extent of the Hittite Old Kingdom under Hantili I is shown in red.
PredecessorMursili I
SuccessorZidanta I
SpouseQueen Ḫarapšili[1]
ChildrenDaughter
RelativesAmmuna (grandson)

Hantili I was a king of the Hittites during the Hittite Old Kingdom. His reign lasted for 30 years, from c. 1590 to c. 1560 BC (middle chronology).[2]

Biography

[edit]

Rise to power

[edit]

According to the Telepinu Proclamation, Hantili was the royal cup-bearer to Mursili I, king of the Hittites. Hantili was married to Ḫarapšili, Mursili's sister.[3] Around the year 1590 B.C., Hantili, with the help of Zidanta, his son-in-law, assassinated Mursili. Afterwards, Hantili succeeded him as king of the Hittites.[4]

Reign

[edit]

There are only a few scattered sources left that describe the reign of Hantili.[5] During his reign, he continued the militaristic traditions of the kings before him. One of Hantili's main concerns was maintaining Hittite control in Syria. He journeyed to the city of Carchemish to conduct a military campaign, most likely against the Hurrians,[6] longtime enemies of the Hittites. The success of this campaign is unknown.

After the conclusion of this campaign, he made his return journey to Hattusa, the Hittite capital. While on this journey, he reached the city of Tegarama, which is possibly the modern-day Turkish city of Gürün. At this point, the Telepinu Proclamation states that Hantili started to regret that he had killed Mursili, saying to himself, "What is this (that) I have done? [Why] did I listen to [the words of] Zidanta, my [son-in-law]? As soon as] he reigned [as king], the gods sought (justice for) the blood of Muršili."[7]

Family

[edit]

Hantili's parents are not known. His wife was Queen Ḫarapšili, and they had at least one daughter. Hantili's grandson was Ammuna, who killed Zidanta.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Tawananna in the Hittite kingdom by Shoshana R. Bin-Nun. Online version.
  2. ^ Kuhrt, Amélie (2020). The Ancient Near East: c.3000–330 BC, Volume One. Routledge. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-136-75548-4.
  3. ^ Telepinu Proclamation, §10
  4. ^ The Proclamation does not ever specifically say that Hantili succeeded Mursili as king, but the Akkadian version of the text indicates that his wife was Queen. Also, a phrase in the Proclamation referring to his final years ("When Hantili had grown old and was about to become a God") is a standard expression which was only used to describe the death of a king.
  5. ^ Bryce, (2005) p. 100.
  6. ^ Bryce, (2005) p. 100.
  7. ^ Telepinu Proclamation, §13
[edit]
Preceded by Hittite king
ca. 1590–1560 BC 		Succeeded by
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