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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
| name=Asso XI.RC
| name=Asso XI
| image=Isotta Fraschini XI R. 2 C. 15.jpg
| image=Isotta Fraschini XI R. 2 C. 15.jpg
| caption=
| caption=
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}}
}}
|}
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The '''Isotta Fraschini Asso XI''' family of engines were [[Italy|Italian]] [[internal combustion engine cooling|water-cooled]], [[supercharger|supercharged]] [[V12 engine|V12]] piston [[aeroengine]]s produced in the 1930s, powering the [[CANT Z.501]] and [[CANT Z.1007]] and several prototype aircraft.
The '''Asso XI''' was a family of [[internal combustion engine cooling|water-cooled]], [[supercharger|supercharged]] [[V12 engine|V12]] piston [[aeroengine]]s produced in the 1930s by Italian manufacturer [[Isotta Fraschini]], and fitted on a number of aircraft types built by [[Cantieri Aeronautici e Navali Triestini|CANT]], [[Caproni]] and others.


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
Isotta Fraschini produced a long series of engines with the name Asso (Ace, in English). The Asso XI.RC was an upright, liquid-cooled V-12 engine with maximum power output in the range 670-725&nbsp;kW (900-970&nbsp;hp) depending on the degree of supercharging. There were two variants, differing only in their supercharger speed: the '''R.C.40''' ran at a little over 10 times the crankshaft speed and enabled the engine to maintain a [[rated power]] of 623&nbsp;kW (836&nbsp;hp) to an altitude of 4,000&nbsp;m (13,120&nbsp;ft) (hence the ''40'' in the variant name) whereas the '''R.2C.15''' held 655&nbsp;kW (880&nbsp;hp) to 1,500&nbsp;m (4,920&nbsp;ft) with a supercharger gearing of 7.<ref name=JAWA38/>
Isotta Fraschini produced a long series of engines with the name Asso (Ace, in English). The Asso XI R.C. was an upright, liquid-cooled V-12 engine with maximum power output in the range {{convert|670|-|725|kW|abbr=on}} depending on the degree of supercharging. There were two variants, differing only in their supercharger speed: the '''R.C.40''' ran at a little over 10 times the crankshaft speed and enabled the engine to maintain a [[rated power]] of {{convert|623|kW|abbr=on}} to an altitude of {{convert|4000|m|abbr=on}} whereas the R.2C.15 held {{convert|655|kW|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1500|m|abbr=on}} with a supercharger gearing of 7.<ref name=JAWA38/>


All variants of the RC.40 had much in common constructionally with the earlier [[Isotta Fraschini Asso-750.RC|Asso-750.RC]], though they had two, rather than three, banks of 6 cylinders and 4 rather than 2 valves per cylinder. [[Cylinder (engine)|Cylinder]] barrels were machined from [[carbon steel]] with flat-topped heads and [[valve seat|valve seatings]]. Each barrel had a separate sheet steel water jacket. Cast aluminium head blocks were bolted to each of the two banks of 6 cylinders, providing valve ports, guides, coolant passages and [[camshaft]] supports. The pistons were also aluminium castings. The [[crankshaft]] was a 6-throw design with 8 plain bearings and a double row [[ball bearing| ball thrust bearing]] between the front two. The [[connecting rods]] had bronze bush [[little end]]s and white metal [[big end]]s. The [[crankcase]] was cast in two parts, the upper one with the housings for the crankshaft bearings.<ref name=JAWA38/>
All variants of the R.C.40 had much in common with construction of the earlier Asso 750 R.C., though they had two, rather than three, banks of 6 cylinders and 4 rather than 2 valves per cylinder. [[Cylinder (engine)|Cylinder]] barrels were machined from [[carbon steel]] with flat-topped heads and [[valve seat]]s. Each barrel had a separate sheet steel water jacket. Cast aluminium head blocks were bolted to each of the two banks of 6 cylinders, providing valve ports, guides, coolant passages and [[camshaft]] supports. The pistons were also aluminium castings. The [[crankshaft]] was a 6-throw design with 8 plain bearings and a double row [[ball bearing|ball thrust bearing]] between the front two. The [[connecting rods]] had bronze bush [[little end]]s and white metal [[big end]]s. The [[crankcase]] was cast in two parts, the upper one with the housings for the crankshaft bearings.<ref name=JAWA38/>
<!-- ==Operational history== -->
<!-- ==Operational history== -->

==Variants==
==Variants==
;Asso XI R:(R - ''Riduttore'' - reduction gear)
;R
;Asso XI R.C.:(C - ''Compressore'' - supercharged)
;R.C.
⚫
;Asso XI R.C.15 :Supercharger speed 75/7 times crankshaft; rated power at {{convert|1500|m|abbr=on}}.
;R.C.15
;Asso XI R.2C.15:(2C - second supercharger gearing) Supercharger speed 7 times crankshaft; rated power at {{convert|1500|m|abbr=on}}.
;R.2C.15
:Supercharger speed 7 times crankshaft; rated power at 1,500 m.
;Asso XI R.2C.16:(2C - second supercharger gearing) Supercharger speed 7 times crankshaft; rated power at {{convert|1600|m|abbr=on}}.
;Asso XI R.C.40:Supercharger speed 75/7 times crankshaft; rated power at {{convert|4000|m|abbr=on}}.
;R.C.40
;L.121 R.C.40:A version of the Asso XI, {{convert|671|kW|abbr=on}}
⚫
:Supercharger speed 75/7 times crankshaft; rated power at 4,000 m.
;A.120 R.C.40: Inverted version of the L.121


==Applications==
==Applications==
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*[[Caproni Ca.135]]
*[[Caproni Ca.135]]
*[[Caproni Ca.405]]
*[[Caproni Ca.405]]
*[[Caproni Campini N.1]]
*[[IMAM Ro.45]]
*[[IMAM Ro.45]]
*[[Piaggio P.32]]
*[[Piaggio P.32]]
*[[Piaggio P.50]]
*[[Piaggio P.50]]
*[[ Ambrosini S.S.4|SAI Ambrosini S.S.4]]
*[[Ambrosini S.S.4|SAI Ambrosini S.S.4]]
*[[Savoia-Marchetti SM.79]] (originally)
<!-- Survivors -->
<!-- Engines on display== -->


==Specifications (RC.40)==
==Specifications (R.C.40)==
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{{pistonspecs|
{{pistonspecs|
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|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938<ref name=JAWA38/>
|ref=''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938'' <ref name=JAWA38/>
|type=12-cylinder supercharged water-cooled 60° [[V12 engine|V-12]] piston aircraft engine
|type=12-cylinder supercharged water-cooled 60° [[V12 engine|V-12]] piston aircraft engine
|bore=146 mm (5.75 in)
|bore={{cvt|146|mm|2}}
|stroke=160 mm (6.30 in)
|stroke={{cvt|160|mm|2}}
|displacement=32.65 L (1,992 in<sup>3</sup>)
|displacement={{convert|32.65|L|cuin|abbr=on}}<ref name=Note1 group=Notes/>
|length=2,128 mm (83.78 in)
|length={{cvt|2128|mm|2}}
|diameter=
|diameter=
|width=834 mm (32.83 in)
|width={{cvt|834|mm|2}}
|height=1,106 mm (43.54 in)
|height={{cvt|1106|mm|2}}
|weight=594 kg (1,310 lb)
|weight={{cvt|594|kg}}
|valvetrain=Two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder, drive via cams and T-shaped tappets from inlet and exhaust pairs of overhead camshafts geared together, one for each bank of 6 cylinders, each pair driven by its own shaft connected indirectly to the [[crankshaft]] [[bevel gear]].
|valvetrain=two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder, driven via cams and T-shaped tappets from inlet and exhaust pairs of overhead camshafts geared together, one for each bank of six cylinders, each pair driven by its own shaft connected indirectly to the [[crankshaft]] [[bevel gear]].
|supercharger=Single speed, single stage centrifugal, running at 10.714 times crankshaft speed.
|supercharger=single speed, single stage centrifugal, running at 10.714 times crankshaft speed.
|turbocharger=
|turbocharger=
|fuelsystem=4×Isotta Frachini L.70C [[carburetter#Principles|updraft carburreters]], 2 for each bank of 6 cylinders.
|fuelsystem=four Isotta Fraschini L.70C [[carburetter#Principles|updraft carburreters]], two for each bank of six cylinders.
|fueltype=
|fueltype=
|oilsystem=[[Dry sump]] with single pressure and scavenge pump shaft driven off crankshaft bevel gear.
|oilsystem=[[dry sump]] with single pressure and scavenge pump shaft driven off crankshaft bevel gear.
|coolingsystem=Water-cooled, pump shaft driven off crankshaft bevel gear.
|coolingsystem=water-cooled, pump shaft driven off crankshaft bevel gear.
|power=[[Rated power]] 623 kW (836 hp) at 2,250&nbsp;rpm at 4,000 m (13,120 ft); take off power 596&nbsp;kW (880&nbsp;hp) at 2,250&nbsp;rpm
|power=[[rated power]] {{cvt|623|kW}} at 2,250&nbsp;rpm at {{cvt|4000|m}}; take off power {{cvt|596|kW}} at 2,250&nbsp;rpm
|specpower=Rated 19.1 kW/L (0.42 hp/in<sup>3</sup>)
|specpower={{cvt|19.1|kW/L|hp/cuin}} (at rated power)
|compression=6.4:1
|compression=6.4:1
|fuelcon=At Rated output, 194&nbsp;kg/h (428 lb/hr)
|fuelcon={{cvt|194|kg/h|lb/h}} (at rated power)
|specfuelcon= 0.312 kg/(kW·h) (0.512 lb/(hp.hr))
|specfuelcon= {{cvt|0.312|kg/kWh|lb/hph}}
|oilcon=Cruise: 8&nbsp;kg/h (17.6 lb/hr)
|oilcon={{cvt|0.08|kg/kWh|lb/hph}} (cruise)
|power/weight=1.05 kW/kg (0.64 hp/lb)
|power/weight={{cvt|1.05|kW/kg}}


|designer=
|designer=
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|general_other=
|general_other=
|components_other=Compressed air starter
|components_other=compressed air starter
|performance_other=
|performance_other=
}}
}}
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}}
}}


==References==
==Note==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{reflist|group=Notes|refs=


<ref name=Note1 group=Notes>Calculating from the bore and stroke given in the engine specifications results in a displacement different to that provided by the referenced source, that is:
⚫
<ref name=JAWA38>{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938|last= Grey |first= C.G. |coauthors= |edition= |year=1972|publisher= David & Charles|location= London|isbn=0-7153-5734-4|page=72d }}</ref>


* Displacement: {{cvt|32.14|L|cuin}}</ref>
}}
}}

<!-- ==External links== -->
==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist|refs=
⚫
<ref name=JAWA38>{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938|last= Grey |first= C.G. |year=1972|publisher= David & Charles|location= London|isbn=0-7153-5734-4|page=72d }}</ref>
}}

{{Isotta Fraschini aeroengines}}
{{Isotta Fraschini aeroengines}}
{{Aviation lists}}


[[Category:Aircraft piston engines 1930–1939]]
[[Category:Isotta Fraschini aircraft engines|Asso XI]]
[[Category:Isotta Fraschini aircraft engines]]
[[Category:1930s aircraft piston engines]]
[[Category:V12 aircraft engines]]

Latest revision as of 05:37, 14 June 2023

Asso XI
Type V-12 water-cooled piston aircraft engine
National origin Italy
Manufacturer Isotta Fraschini, Milan
First run early 1930s
Major applications CANT Z.501, CANT Z.1007

The Asso XI was a family of water-cooled, supercharged V12 piston aeroengines produced in the 1930s by Italian manufacturer Isotta Fraschini, and fitted on a number of aircraft types built by CANT, Caproni and others.

Design and development

[edit]

Isotta Fraschini produced a long series of engines with the name Asso (Ace, in English). The Asso XI R.C. was an upright, liquid-cooled V-12 engine with maximum power output in the range 670–725 kW (898–972 hp) depending on the degree of supercharging. There were two variants, differing only in their supercharger speed: the R.C.40 ran at a little over 10 times the crankshaft speed and enabled the engine to maintain a rated power of 623 kW (835 hp) to an altitude of 4,000 m (13,000 ft) whereas the R.2C.15 held 655 kW (878 hp) to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) with a supercharger gearing of 7.[1]

All variants of the R.C.40 had much in common with construction of the earlier Asso 750 R.C., though they had two, rather than three, banks of 6 cylinders and 4 rather than 2 valves per cylinder. Cylinder barrels were machined from carbon steel with flat-topped heads and valve seats. Each barrel had a separate sheet steel water jacket. Cast aluminium head blocks were bolted to each of the two banks of 6 cylinders, providing valve ports, guides, coolant passages and camshaft supports. The pistons were also aluminium castings. The crankshaft was a 6-throw design with 8 plain bearings and a double row ball thrust bearing between the front two. The connecting rods had bronze bush little ends and white metal big ends. The crankcase was cast in two parts, the upper one with the housings for the crankshaft bearings.[1]

Variants

[edit]
Asso XI R
(R - Riduttore - reduction gear)
Asso XI R.C.
(C - Compressore - supercharged)
Asso XI R.C.15
Supercharger speed 75/7 times crankshaft; rated power at 1,500 m (4,900 ft).
Asso XI R.2C.15
(2C - second supercharger gearing) Supercharger speed 7 times crankshaft; rated power at 1,500 m (4,900 ft).
Asso XI R.2C.16
(2C - second supercharger gearing) Supercharger speed 7 times crankshaft; rated power at 1,600 m (5,200 ft).
Asso XI R.C.40
Supercharger speed 75/7 times crankshaft; rated power at 4,000 m (13,000 ft).
L.121 R.C.40
A version of the Asso XI, 671 kW (900 hp)
A.120 R.C.40
Inverted version of the L.121

Applications

[edit]

Specifications (R.C.40)

[edit]

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938 [1]

General characteristics

  • Type: 12-cylinder supercharged water-cooled 60° V-12 piston aircraft engine
  • Bore: 146 mm (5.75 in)
  • Stroke: 160 mm (6.30 in)
  • Displacement: 32.65 L (1,992 cu in)[Notes 1]
  • Length: 2,128 mm (83.78 in)
  • Width: 834 mm (32.83 in)
  • Height: 1,106 mm (43.54 in)
  • Dry weight: 594 kg (1,310 lb)

Components

  • Valvetrain: two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder, driven via cams and T-shaped tappets from inlet and exhaust pairs of overhead camshafts geared together, one for each bank of six cylinders, each pair driven by its own shaft connected indirectly to the crankshaft bevel gear.
  • Supercharger: single speed, single stage centrifugal, running at 10.714 times crankshaft speed.
  • Fuel system: four Isotta Fraschini L.70C updraft carburreters, two for each bank of six cylinders.
  • Oil system: dry sump with single pressure and scavenge pump shaft driven off crankshaft bevel gear.
  • Cooling system: water-cooled, pump shaft driven off crankshaft bevel gear.
  • Reduction gear: 0.743 or 0.512
  • compressed air starter

Performance

  • Power output: rated power 623 kW (835 hp) at 2,250 rpm at 4,000 m (13,000 ft); take off power 596 kW (799 hp) at 2,250 rpm
  • Specific power: 19.1 kW/L (0.42 hp/cu in) (at rated power)
  • Compression ratio: 6.4:1
  • Fuel consumption: 194 kg/h (430 lb/h) (at rated power)
  • Specific fuel consumption: 0.312 kg/kWh (0.513 lb/(hp⋅h))
  • Oil consumption: 0.08 kg/kWh (0.13 lb/(hp⋅h)) (cruise)
  • Power-to-weight ratio: 1.05 kW/kg (0.64 hp/lb)

See also

[edit]

Related lists

Note

[edit]
  1. ^ Calculating from the bore and stroke given in the engine specifications results in a displacement different to that provided by the referenced source, that is:
    • Displacement: 32.14 L (1,961 cu in)

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isotta Fraschini Asso XI.
  1. ^ a b c Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. London: David & Charles. p. 72d. ISBN 0-7153-5734-4.
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