Rhodium-platinum oxide: Difference between revisions
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|Formula = Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> / PtO<sub>2</sub> |
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|MolarMass = 253.81 / 227.09 (anhydrous) |
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|Appearance = Black powder<ref>{{cite web|last1=Heuser|first1=Heidi|title=Nishimura's catalyst|url=http://chemistry.umicore.com/Products/product/10/|website=Product Number: 3000034604|publisher=Umicore: Precious Metal Chemistry|access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> |
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==Uses== |
==Uses== |
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Rh–Pt oxide is used to [[Organic redox reaction|reduce]] various [[aromatic compound]]s to their respective [[cycloalkane]]s or [[Saturated and unsaturated compounds|saturated]] [[heterocyclic compound|heterocycles]] under mild conditions (i.e. often at room temperature and atmospheric pressure).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nishimura|first1=Shigeo|title=Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. V. Rhodium-Platinum Oxide as a Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds|journal=Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan|date=1961|volume=34|issue=1|pages=32–36|doi=10.1246/bcsj.34.32|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=prep>{{cite journal|last1=Nishimura|first1=Shigeo|title=Rhodium-Platinum Oxide as α Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds. II. Catalyst Preparation and Effects of Platinum in Rhodium-Platinum Oxide |journal=Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan|date=1961|volume=34|issue=10|pages=1544–1545 |doi=10.1246/bcsj.34.1544}}</ref> In this application, Rh–Pt oxide is superior to other [[group 10]] catalysts such as [[platinum dioxide]]. Furthermore, the catalyst can be used to |
Rh–Pt oxide is used to [[Organic redox reaction|reduce]] various [[aromatic compound]]s to their respective [[cycloalkane]]s or [[Saturated and unsaturated compounds|saturated]] [[heterocyclic compound|heterocycles]] under mild conditions (i.e. often at room temperature and atmospheric pressure).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nishimura|first1=Shigeo|title=Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. V. Rhodium-Platinum Oxide as a Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds|journal=Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan|date=1961|volume=34|issue=1|pages=32–36|doi=10.1246/bcsj.34.32|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=prep>{{cite journal|last1=Nishimura|first1=Shigeo|title=Rhodium-Platinum Oxide as α Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds. II. Catalyst Preparation and Effects of Platinum in Rhodium-Platinum Oxide |journal=Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan|date=1961|volume=34|issue=10|pages=1544–1545 |doi=10.1246/bcsj.34.1544}}</ref> In this application, Rh–Pt oxide is superior to other [[group 10]] catalysts such as [[platinum dioxide]]. Furthermore, the catalyst can be used to carry out the reaction with minimal losses of oxygen containing [[functional group]]s via [[hydrogenolysis]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nishimura|first1=Shigeo|title=Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. III. Rhodium-Platinum Oxide as a Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of the Aromatic Nucleus|journal=Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan|date=1960|volume=33|issue=4|pages=566–567|doi=10.1246/bcsj.33.566|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stocker|first1=J. H.|title=Communications to the Editor|journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry|date=1962|volume=27|issue=5|pages=2288–2292|doi=10.1021/jo01053a077}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nishimura|first1=Shigeo|last2=Taguchi|first2=Hisaaki|title=Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. VII. Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Compounds Containing C–O Linkages Liable to Hydrogenolysis with a Rhodium-Platinum Oxide under high Pressures|journal=Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan|date=1963|volume=36|issue=3|pages=353–355|doi=10.1246/bcsj.36.353|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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==Preparation== |
==Preparation== |
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Latest revision as of 15:02, 17 June 2023
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Rhodium(III) oxide / Platinum(IV) oxide
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| Other names
Rh–Pt oxide, Nishimura's catalyst
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| Identifiers | |
| Properties | |
| Rh2O3 / PtO2 | |
| Molar mass | 253.81 / 227.09 (anhydrous) |
| Appearance | Black powder[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Rhodium-platinum oxide (Rh–Pt oxide), or Nishimura's catalyst, is an inorganic compound used as a hydrogenation catalyst.[2]
Uses
[edit]Rh–Pt oxide is used to reduce various aromatic compounds to their respective cycloalkanes or saturated heterocycles under mild conditions (i.e. often at room temperature and atmospheric pressure).[3][4] In this application, Rh–Pt oxide is superior to other group 10 catalysts such as platinum dioxide. Furthermore, the catalyst can be used to carry out the reaction with minimal losses of oxygen containing functional groups via hydrogenolysis.[5][6][7]
Preparation
[edit]An aqueous solution of rhodium chloride, chloroplatinic acid, and sodium nitrate is evaporated and then fused in a porcelain dish between 460-480°C until the oxides of nitrogen cease (≈10 minutes).[2][4] The resulting solidified mass is then washed with distilled water and dilute sodium nitrate followed by drying with calcium chloride to yield the catalyst. Typically the ratio of metals used for the catalyst is 3:1 Rh/Pt or 7:3 Rh/Pt.
See also
[edit]- Rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation
- Rhodium(III) oxide
- Wilkinson's catalyst
- Platinum black
- Platinum on carbon
- Palladium on carbon
- Birch reduction
References
[edit]- ^ Heuser, Heidi. "Nishimura's catalyst". Product Number: 3000034604. Umicore: Precious Metal Chemistry. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ a b Nishimura, Shigeo (2001). Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation for Organic Synthesis (1st ed.). New York: Wiley-Interscience. pp. 42–43, 182, 389–390, 408, & 414–571. ISBN 9780471396987.
- ^ Nishimura, Shigeo (1961). "Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. V. Rhodium-Platinum Oxide as a Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 34 (1): 32–36. doi:10.1246/bcsj.34.32.
- ^ a b Nishimura, Shigeo (1961). "Rhodium-Platinum Oxide as α Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds. II. Catalyst Preparation and Effects of Platinum in Rhodium-Platinum Oxide". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 34 (10): 1544–1545. doi:10.1246/bcsj.34.1544.
- ^ Nishimura, Shigeo (1960). "Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. III. Rhodium-Platinum Oxide as a Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of the Aromatic Nucleus". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 33 (4): 566–567. doi:10.1246/bcsj.33.566.
- ^ Stocker, J. H. (1962). "Communications to the Editor". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 27 (5): 2288–2292. doi:10.1021/jo01053a077.
- ^ Nishimura, Shigeo; Taguchi, Hisaaki (1963). "Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis. VII. Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Compounds Containing C–O Linkages Liable to Hydrogenolysis with a Rhodium-Platinum Oxide under high Pressures". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 36 (3): 353–355. doi:10.1246/bcsj.36.353.