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{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Winter donkey orchid
| image = Donkey orchid gnangarra 01.jpg
| image = Donkey orchid gnangarra 01.jpg
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| genus = Diuris
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| species = brumalis
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| authority = [[David L. Jones (botanist)|D.L.Jones]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Diuris brumalis'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/117432 |website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=23 June 2023}}</ref>
| unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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}}
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]]
| tribus = [[Diurideae]]
| subtribus = [[Diuridinae]]
| genus = ''[[Diuris]]''
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| species = ''''' D. brumalis'''''
| binomial = ''Diuris brumalis''
| binomial_authority = [[D.L. Jones]]
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|}}
'''''Diuris brumalis''''' is a species of [[orchid]]. It is endemic to the south-west of [[Western Australia]].<ref name=WA>{{FloraBase|name=''Diuris brumalis'' |id=12943 }}</ref>


'''''Diuris brumalis''''', commonly known as the '''winter donkey orchid''',<ref name="Brown" /> is a species of [[orchid]] that is endemic to the [[Southwest Australia|south-west]] of [[Western Australia]]. It is one of the first species of donkey orchid to flower in Western Australia each year and its flowers have been shown to attract the same insects that pollinate other species, but without offering a food reward.
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== References ==

{{reflist}}
==Description==
''Diuris brumalis'' is a [[tuber]]ous, [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[Herbaceous plant|herb]], usually growing to a height of {{convert|200-500|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}. Two or three leaves emerge at the base of the flowering stem, each leaf {{convert|150-200|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|8-10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. Between three and fifteen yellow and brown flowers are borne on the flowering stem and each is {{convert|20-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|20-30|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The [[wikt:dorsal|dorsal]] [[sepal]] is erect, {{convert|6-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|7-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and the greenish [[wikt:lateral|lateral]] sepals are {{convert|12-24|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, about {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and turn downwards. The ear-like [[petal]]s are erect with a stalk {{convert|2-6|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and a blade {{convert|10-18|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] has three lobes, the lateral ones {{convert|6-10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|3-6|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The middle lobe is wedge-shaped, {{convert|5-9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|3-7|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. There is a single yellow ridge {{convert|3-4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs from June to August.<ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Andrew|last2=Dundas|first2=Pat|last3=Dixon|first3=Kingsley|last4=Hopper|first4=Stephen|title=Orchids of Western Australia|date=2008|publisher=University of Western Australia Press|location=Crawley, Western Australia|isbn=9780980296457|page=206}}</ref><ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page=134}}</ref><ref name=Hoffman>{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Noel|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew|title=Orchids of South-West Australia.|date=2011|publisher=Noel Hoffman|location=Gooseberry Hill|isbn=9780646562322|page=461|edition=3rd}}</ref>

==Taxonomy and naming==
''Diuris brumalis'' was first described in 1991 by [[David L. Jones (botanist)|David Jones]] from a specimen collected near [[Kalamunda, Western Australia|Kalamunda]] and the description was published in ''Australian Orchid Research''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Duiris brumalis''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/551643|publisher=APNI|accessdate=6 March 2018}}</ref> The [[Biological nomenclature|specific epithet]] (''brumalis'') is a [[Latin]] word meaning "of the shortest day",<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page = 169}}</ref> referring to the winter flowering of this species.<ref name="AOR">{{cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae|journal=Australian orchid Research|date=1991|volume=2|page=53}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
The winter donkey orchid grows in shrubland and forest between [[Jurien Bay, Western Australia|Jurien Bay]] and [[Collie, Western Australia|Collie]] in the [[Avon Wheatbelt]], [[Jarrah Forest]] and [[Swan Coastal Plain]] [[Biogeography|biogeographical regions]] of Western Australia.<ref name="Brown" /><ref name=WA>{{FloraBase|name=''Diuris brumalis'' |id=12943 }}</ref>

==Ecology==
The flowers of this orchid resemble those of some ''[[Oxylobium]]'' and ''[[Daviesia]]'' species and are visited by the same native bees that pollinate them, even though the orchid does not reward the insects with nectar or pollen.<ref name="Hoffman" />

==Conservation==
''Diuris brumalis'' is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]].<ref name="WA" />

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==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3032193}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Diuris brumalis}}
[[Category:Diuris|brumalis]]
[[Category:Diuris|brumalis]]
[[Category:Orchidoideae species]]
[[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]]
[[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]]
[[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia]]

[[Category:Plants described in 1991]]
{{Orchidoideae-stub}}
[[Category:Taxa named by David L. Jones (botanist)]]
{{WesternAustralia-plant-stub}}

Latest revision as of 03:23, 23 June 2023

Winter donkey orchid
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Diuris
Species:
D. brumalis
Binomial name
Diuris brumalis

Diuris brumalis, commonly known as the winter donkey orchid,[2] is a species of orchid that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is one of the first species of donkey orchid to flower in Western Australia each year and its flowers have been shown to attract the same insects that pollinate other species, but without offering a food reward.

Description

[edit]

Diuris brumalis is a tuberous, perennial herb, usually growing to a height of 200–500 mm (8–20 in). Two or three leaves emerge at the base of the flowering stem, each leaf 150–200 mm (6–8 in) long and 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide. Between three and fifteen yellow and brown flowers are borne on the flowering stem and each is 20–40 mm (0.8–2 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) wide. The dorsal sepal is erect, 6–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long and 7–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) wide and the greenish lateral sepals are 12–24 mm (0.5–0.9 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and turn downwards. The ear-like petals are erect with a stalk 2–6 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long and a blade 10–18 mm (0.4–0.7 in) long and 6–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide. The labellum has three lobes, the lateral ones 6–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The middle lobe is wedge-shaped, 5–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and 3–7 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide. There is a single yellow ridge 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) in the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs from June to August.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

[edit]

Diuris brumalis was first described in 1991 by David Jones from a specimen collected near Kalamunda and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research.[5] The specific epithet (brumalis) is a Latin word meaning "of the shortest day",[6] referring to the winter flowering of this species.[7]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

The winter donkey orchid grows in shrubland and forest between Jurien Bay and Collie in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographical regions of Western Australia.[2][8]

Ecology

[edit]

The flowers of this orchid resemble those of some Oxylobium and Daviesia species and are visited by the same native bees that pollinate them, even though the orchid does not reward the insects with nectar or pollen.[4]

Conservation

[edit]

Diuris brumalis is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Diuris brumalis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Orchids of Western Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 206. ISBN 9780980296457.
  3. ^ Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 134. ISBN 1877069124.
  4. ^ a b Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 461. ISBN 9780646562322.
  5. ^ "Duiris brumalis". APNI. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  6. ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 169.
  7. ^ Jones, David L. (1991). "New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae". Australian orchid Research. 2: 53.
  8. ^ a b "Diuris brumalis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
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