Template:Infobox economist/testcases: Difference between revisions

David Ricardo
David Ricardo
	Portrait of David Ricardo by Thomas Phillips, circa 1821. This painting shows Ricardo, aged 49, just two years before his relatively early death.
Born	18 April 1772; London, England
Died	11 September 1823 (aged 51); Gatcombe Park, Gloucestershire, England
Nationality	British
Academic career
School or; tradition	Classical economics
Influences	Smith · Bentham
Contributions	Ricardian equivalence, labour theory of value, comparative advantage, law of diminishing returns, Economic rent

David D. Friedman
David D. Friedman
Born	February 12, 1945 (age 79)
Nationality	American
Political party	Libertarian
Academic career
Institution	Santa Clara University
Field	Economics, Law
School or; tradition	Chicago school of economics
Alma mater	Harvard University (BA); University of Chicago (PhD)
Influences	Ronald Coase, Friedrich Hayek, Robert A. Heinlein, Milton Friedman, Rose Friedman, Adam Smith, Richard Timberlake
Contributions	The Machinery of Freedom

David D. Friedman
David D. Friedman
Born	February 12, 1945 (age 79)
Nationality	American
Political party	Libertarian
Academic career
Field	Economics, Law
Institution	Santa Clara University
School or; tradition	Chicago school of economics
Alma mater	Harvard University (BA); University of Chicago (PhD)
Influences	Ronald Coase, Friedrich Hayek, Robert A. Heinlein, Milton Friedman, Rose Friedman, Adam Smith, Richard Timberlake
Contributions	The Machinery of Freedom

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David D. Friedman

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^ "The Machinery of Freedom" (PDF). p. 124. Retrieved 25 November 2012. Much is made in libertarian circles of the division between 'Austrian' and 'Chicago' schools of economic theory, largely by people who understand neither. I am classified as 'Chicago'.

David Ricardo

Side by side comparison

David Ricardo
Portrait of David Ricardo by Thomas Phillips, circa 1821. This painting shows Ricardo, aged 49, just two years before his relatively early death.
Born	(1772-04-18)18 April 1772 London, England
Died	11 September 1823(1823-09-11) (aged 51) Gatcombe Park, Gloucestershire, England
Nationality	British

Academic career
School or tradition	Classical economics
Influences	Smith · Bentham
Contributions	Ricardian equivalence, labour theory of value, comparative advantage, law of diminishing returns, Economic rent^[1]

^ Miller, Roger LeRoy. Economics Today. Fifteenth Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. page 559

Joseph Schumpeter

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Joseph Schumpeter

Born	(1883-02-08)8 February 1883 Triesch, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Třešť, Czech Republic)
Died	8 January 1950(1950-01-08) (aged 66) Taconic, Connecticut, U.S.

Academic career
Field	Economics
Institution	Harvard University 1932–50 University of Bonn 1925–32 Biedermann Bank 1921–24 University of Graz 1912–14 University of Czernowitz 1909–11
School or tradition	Historical School
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Influences	Tocqueville, Marx, Spencer, Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser, Schmoller, Weber, Sombart, Durkheim, Walras, Pareto, Juglar, Kondratiev, Wicksell, Wicksteed
Contributions	Business cycles Economic development Entrepreneurship Evolutionary economics

Joseph Schumpeter

Born	(1883-02-08)8 February 1883 Triesch, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Třešť, Czech Republic)
Died	8 January 1950(1950-01-08) (aged 66) Taconic, Connecticut, U.S.

Academic career
Institution	Harvard University 1932–50 University of Bonn 1925–32 Biedermann Bank 1921–24 University of Graz 1912–14 University of Czernowitz 1909–11
Field	Economics
School or tradition	Historical School
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Influences	Tocqueville, Marx, Spencer, Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser, Schmoller, Weber, Sombart, Durkheim, Walras, Pareto, Juglar, Kondratiev, Wicksell, Wicksteed
Contributions	Business cycles Economic development Entrepreneurship Evolutionary economics

Milton Friedman

Side by side comparison

Milton Friedman

Born	(1912-07-31)July 31, 1912 Brooklyn, New York, USA
Died	November 16, 2006(2006-11-16) (aged 94) San Francisco, California, USA
Nationality	United States

Academic career
Field	Economics
Institution	Hoover Institution (1977–2006) University of Chicago (1946–77) Columbia Univ. (1937–41, 1943–45, 1964–65) NBER (1937–40)
School or tradition	Chicago school of economics
Alma mater	Columbia University (PhD, 1946) University of Chicago (MA, 1933) Rutgers University (BA, 1932)
Influences	Adam Smith Irving Fisher Frank Knight Simon Kuznets Jacob Viner Harold Hotelling Arthur Burns Friedrich Hayek Homer Jones Henry Simons George Stigler Henry Schultz
Contributions	Price theory Monetarism Applied macroeconomics Floating exchange rates Volunteer military Permanent income hypothesis Friedman test
Awards	John Bates Clark Medal (1951) Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1976) Presidential Medal of Freedom (1988) National Medal of Science (1988)
Information at IDEAS / RePEc

Signature

Milton Friedman

Born	(1912-07-31)July 31, 1912 Brooklyn, New York, USA
Died	November 16, 2006(2006-11-16) (aged 94) San Francisco, California, USA
Nationality	United States

Academic career
Institution	Hoover Institution (1977–2006) University of Chicago (1946–77) Columbia Univ. (1937–41, 1943–45, 1964–65) NBER (1937–40)
Field	Economics
School or tradition	Chicago school of economics
Alma mater	Columbia University (PhD, 1946) University of Chicago (MA, 1933) Rutgers University (BA, 1932)
Influences	Adam Smith Irving Fisher Frank Knight Simon Kuznets Jacob Viner Harold Hotelling Arthur Burns Friedrich Hayek Homer Jones Henry Simons George Stigler Henry Schultz
Contributions	Price theory Monetarism Applied macroeconomics Floating exchange rates Volunteer military Permanent income hypothesis Friedman test
Awards	John Bates Clark Medal (1951) Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1976) Presidential Medal of Freedom (1988) National Medal of Science (1988)
Information at IDEAS / RePEc

Signature

Joseph Stiglitz (module)

Side by side comparison

Joseph Stiglitz


World Bank Chief Economist
In office February 13, 1997 – February 2000
Preceded by	Michael Bruno
Succeeded by	Nicholas Stern
17th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
In office June 28, 1995 – February 13, 1997
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Laura Tyson
Succeeded by	Janet Yellen

Personal details
Born	Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (1943-02-09) February 9, 1943 (age 81) Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Jane Hannaway (1978–2002) Anya Schiffrin (2004–present)
Alma mater	Amherst College Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Website	www.josephstiglitz.com


Academic career
Field	Macroeconomics Public economics Information economics
School or tradition	New Keynesian economics
Influences	John Maynard Keynes Robert Solow Hirofumi Uzawa James Mirrlees Karl Polanyi
Contributions	Screening Taxation Unemployment Market Failure Information asymmetry Economic inequality

Joseph Stiglitz


World Bank Chief Economist
In office February 13, 1997 – February 2000
Preceded by	Michael Bruno
Succeeded by	Nicholas Stern
17th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
In office June 28, 1995 – February 13, 1997
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Laura Tyson
Succeeded by	Janet Yellen

Personal details
Born	Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (1943-02-09) February 9, 1943 (age 81) Gary, Indiana, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Jane Hannaway (1978–2002) Anya Schiffrin (2004–present)
Alma mater	Amherst College Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Website	www.josephstiglitz.com


Academic career
Field	Macroeconomics Public economics Information economics
School or tradition	New Keynesian economics
Influences	John Maynard Keynes Robert Solow Hirofumi Uzawa James Mirrlees Karl Polanyi
Contributions	Screening Taxation Unemployment Market Failure Information asymmetry Economic inequality

[1] "The Machinery of Freedom" (PDF). p. 124. Retrieved 25 November 2012. Much is made in libertarian circles of the division between 'Austrian' and 'Chicago' schools of economic theory, largely by people who understand neither. I am classified as 'Chicago'.

[2] Miller, Roger LeRoy. Economics Today. Fifteenth Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. page 559

[1]

[1]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | name = David D. Friedman
 | school_tradition = Chicago school of economics<ref>{{cite web |url=http://daviddfriedman.com/The_Machinery_of_Freedom_.pdf |title=The Machinery of Freedom | page=124 |format=PDF |accessdate=25 November 2012|quote=Much is made in libertarian circles of the division between 'Austrian' and 'Chicago' schools of economic theory, largely by people who understand neither. I am classified as 'Chicago'. }}</ref>
-| color = maroon
 | image = Davidfriedmanatcato.jpg
 | image_size =
@@ Line 17: / Line 16: @@
 | alma_mater = [[Harvard University]] <small>([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])</small><br>[[University of Chicago]] <small>([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])</small>
 | influences = [[Ronald Coase]], [[Friedrich Hayek]], [[Robert A. Heinlein]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[Rose Friedman]], [[Adam Smith]], [[Richard Timberlake]]
-| influenced = [[Bryan Caplan]], [[Patri Friedman]], [[Peter Leeson]], [[Edward Stringham]]
 | contributions = ''[[The Machinery of Freedom]]''
 | awards =
@@ Line 28: / Line 26: @@
  <!-- Economist Category -->
  | school_tradition = [[Classical economics]]
- | color            = green
  <!-- Image -->
  | image            = Portrait of David Ricardo by Thomas Phillips.jpg
@@ Line 40: / Line 37: @@
  | death_place      = [[Gatcombe Park]], [[Gloucestershire]], England
  | nationality      = British
- | ethnicity        = Jewish
  | field            =
  | influences       = [[Adam Smith|Smith]]{{·}} [[Jeremy Bentham|Bentham]]
- | opposed          =
- | influenced       = [[Ricardian socialism|Ricardian Socialists]]{{·}} [[Henry George|George]]{{·}} [[John Stuart Mill]]{{·}} [[Piero Sraffa|Sraffa]]{{·}} [[Robert Barro|Barro]]{{·}} [[John Ramsay McCulloch]]{{·}}[[Karl Marx]]{{·}}  [[Franz Oppenheimer]]
  | contributions    = [[Ricardian equivalence]], [[labour theory of value]], [[comparative advantage]], [[Diminishing returns|law of diminishing returns]], [[Economic rent]]<ref>Miller, Roger LeRoy. ''Economics Today''. Fifteenth Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. page 559</ref>
 }}{{reflist}}
@@ Line 51: / Line 45: @@
 | name             = Joseph Schumpeter
 | school_tradition = [[Historical school of economics|Historical School]]
-| color            = goldenrod
 | image       =Joseph Schumpeter ekonomialaria.jpg
 | image_size       = 175px
@@ Line 64: / Line 57: @@
 | alma_mater       = [[University of Vienna]]
 | influences       = [[Alexis de Tocqueville|Tocqueville]], [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[Herbert Spencer|Spencer]], [[Carl Menger|Menger]], [[Eugen Böhm von Bawerk|Böhm-Bawerk]], [[Friedrich von Wieser|Wieser]], [[Gustav von Schmoller|Schmoller]], [[Max Weber|Weber]], [[Werner Sombart|Sombart]], [[Émile Durkheim|Durkheim]], [[Léon Walras|Walras]], [[Vilfredo Pareto|Pareto]], [[Clément Juglar|Juglar]], [[Nikolai Kondratiev|Kondratiev]], [[Knut Wicksell|Wicksell]], [[Philip Wicksteed|Wicksteed]]
-| opposed          = [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[John Maynard Keynes|Keynes]]
-| influenced       = [[Christopher Freeman|C. Freeman]], [[Robert A. Dahl|Dahl]], [[Israel Kirzner|Kirzner]], [[John Hicks|Hicks]], [[Milton Friedman|Friedman]], [[Paul Samuelson|Samuelson]], [[James Tobin|Tobin]], [[John Burr Williams|Williams]], [[Abram Bergson|Bergson]], [[Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen|Georgescu-Roegen]], [[Robert Heilbroner|Heilbroner]], [[Samuel P. Huntington|Huntington]], [[Immanuel Wallerstein|Wallerstein]], [[Carlota Perez|Perez]], [[Harry Gordon Johnson|H. G. Johnson]], [[Anthony Downs|Downs]], [[Thomas Sowell|Sowell]], [[Erik S. Reinert|Reinert]], [[Igor Egorov|Yegorov]], [[Peter Drucker]], [[David Rockefeller]]
 | contributions    = [[Business cycle]]s<br>[[Economic development]]<br>[[Entrepreneurship]]<br>[[Evolutionary economics]]
 | awards           =
@@ Line 76: / Line 67: @@
 | name = Milton Friedman
 | school_tradition = [[Chicago school of economics]]
-| color = maroon
 | birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1912|7|31}}
 | birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Brooklyn]], New York, USA}}
@@ Line 86: / Line 76: @@
 | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list |[[Columbia University]] {{small|(PhD, 1946)}} |{{nowrap|[[University of Chicago]] {{small|(MA, 1933)}}}} |[[Rutgers University]] {{small|(BA, 1932)}}}}
 | influences = {{hlist|[[Adam Smith]]|[[Irving Fisher]]}} {{hlist|[[Frank Knight]]|[[Simon Kuznets]]}} {{hlist|[[Jacob Viner]]|[[Harold Hotelling]]}} {{hlist|[[Arthur Burns]]|[[Friedrich Hayek]]}} {{hlist|[[Homer Jones (economist)|Homer Jones]]|[[Henry Calvert Simons|Henry Simons]]}} {{hlist|[[George Stigler]]|[[Henry Schultz]]}}
-| opposed = {{unbulleted list |[[John Maynard Keynes]] |[[Paul Samuelson]] |[[John Kenneth Galbraith]]}}
-| influenced = {{hlist|[[Margaret Thatcher]]|[[Gary Becker]]}} {{hlist|[[Augusto Pinochet]]|[[Alan Greenspan]]}} {{hlist|[[Anna J. Schwartz]]|[[Ben Bernanke]]}} {{hlist|[[J. Bradford DeLong]]|[[Chicago Boys]]}} {{hlist|[[Thomas Sowell]]|[[Herbert Stein]]}} {{hlist|[[Harry Markowitz]]|[[Phillip D. Cagan]]}} {{hlist|[[Hernando de Soto Polar|H. de Soto Polar]]|[[William F. Buckley Jr.|William Buckley]]}} {{hlist|[[David D. Friedman]]|[[Cato Institute]]}}{{hlist|[[Fraser Institute]]|[[Scott Sumner]]}} {{hlist|[[Ted Cruz]]|[[Ronald Reagan]]}}
 | contributions = {{unbulleted list |[[Price theory]] |[[Monetarism]] |[[Macroeconomics|Applied macroeconomics]] |[[Floating exchange rate]]s |[[Conscription in the United States#End of conscription|Volunteer military]] |[[Permanent income hypothesis]] |[[Friedman test]]}}
 | awards = {{unbulleted list |[[John Bates Clark Medal]] {{small|(1951)}} |{{longlabel|[[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] {{small|(1976)}}}} |{{nowrap|[[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] {{small|(1988)}}}} |[[National Medal of Science]] {{small|(1988)}}}}
@@ Line 136: / Line 124: @@
 |school_tradition = [[New Keynesian economics]]
 |influences       = [[John Maynard Keynes]]<br>[[Robert Solow]]<br>[[Hirofumi Uzawa]]<br>[[James Mirrlees]]<br>[[Karl Polanyi]]
-|influenced       = [[Paul Krugman]]<br>[[Jason Furman]]<br>[[Stephany Griffith-Jones]]<br>[[Huw Dixon]]
 |contributions    = [[Screening (economics)|Screening]]<br>Taxation<br>Unemployment<br>[[Market Failure]]<br>[[Information asymmetry]]<br>[[Economic inequality]]
 |module           = {{Listen |embed=yes |filename=Joseph StiglitzBBC Radio4 Start the Week 8 Feb 2010 p00f5ch9.flac |title=Joseph Stiglitz's voice |type=speech |description=from the BBC programme ''[[Start the Week]]'', February 8, 2010.}}}}
@@ Line 174: / Line 161: @@
 |school_tradition = [[New Keynesian economics]]
 |influences       = [[John Maynard Keynes]]<br>[[Robert Solow]]<br>[[Hirofumi Uzawa]]<br>[[James Mirrlees]]<br>[[Karl Polanyi]]
-|influenced       = [[Paul Krugman]]<br>[[Jason Furman]]<br>[[Stephany Griffith-Jones]]<br>[[Huw Dixon]]
 |contributions    = [[Screening (economics)|Screening]]<br>Taxation<br>Unemployment<br>[[Market Failure]]<br>[[Information asymmetry]]<br>[[Economic inequality]]
 |module           = {{Listen |embed=yes |filename=Joseph StiglitzBBC Radio4 Start the Week 8 Feb 2010 p00f5ch9.flac |title=Joseph Stiglitz's voice |type=speech |description=from the BBC programme ''[[Start the Week]]'', February 8, 2010.}}}}