Contact electrification: Difference between revisions

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Triboelectric effect

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+#REDIRECT [[Triboelectric effect]]
-{{Short description|Transfer of charge when two materials come into contact and then seperate}}
-{{main|triboelectricity}}
+{{Rcat shell|
-'''Contact electrification''' is a phrase that describes the phenomenon whereby two surfaces become electrically charged when they contact and then separate. As such it is a subtopic of the more general area of [[triboelectricity]], which includes sliding; often the two terms are used interchangeably.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vick |first=F.A. |date=1953 |title=Theory of contact electrification |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0508-3443/4/S2/301 |journal=British Journal of Applied Physics |volume=4 |issue=S2 |pages=S1–S5 |doi=10.1088/0508-3443/4/S2/301 |issn=0508-3443}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Harper |first=W. R. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/39850726 |title=Contact and frictional electrification |date=1998 |publisher=Laplacian Press |isbn=1-885540-06-X |oclc=39850726}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lowell |first=J. |last2=Rose-Innes |first2=A.C. |date=1980 |title=Contact electrification |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00018738000101466 |journal=Advances in Physics |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=947–1023 |doi=10.1080/00018738000101466 |issn=0001-8732}}</ref>  It can be a boon or a bane in industries  ranging from xerography<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duke |first=Charles B. |last2=Noolandi |first2=Jaan |last3=Thieret |first3=Tracy |date=2002 |title=The surface science of xerography |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(01)01527-8 |journal=Surface Science |volume=500 |issue=1-3 |pages=1005–1023 |doi=10.1016/s0039-6028(01)01527-8 |issn=0039-6028}}</ref> to packing of pharmaceutical powders,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watanabe |first=H |last2=Ghadiri |first2=M |last3=Matsuyama |first3=T |last4=Ding |first4=Y |last5=Pitt |first5=K |last6=Maruyama |first6=H |last7=Matsusaka |first7=S |last8=Masuda |first8=H |date=2007 |title=Triboelectrification of pharmaceutical powders by particle impact |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.005 |journal=International Journal of Pharmaceutics |volume=334 |issue=1-2 |pages=149–155 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.005 |issn=0378-5173}}</ref> and plays a critical role in many processes such as dust storms<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kok |first=Jasper F. |last2=Renno |first2=Nilton O. |date=2008 |title=Electrostatics in Wind-Blown Sand |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.100.014501 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=100 |issue=1 |doi=10.1103/physrevlett.100.014501 |issn=0031-9007}}</ref> and planetary formation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blum |first=Jürgen |last2=Wurm |first2=Gerhard |date=2008 |title=The Growth Mechanisms of Macroscopic Bodies in Protoplanetary Disks |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145152 |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=21–56 |doi=10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145152 |issn=0066-4146}}</ref>
+{{R to related topic}}
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-While many aspects of contact electrification are now understood, and consequences have been extensively documented, their remain disagreements in the current literature about the underlying mechanisms. Indeed, whether it is different from [[Triboelectric effect|triboelectricity]] is not clear. As mentioned above contact electrification is when two bodies contact then separate; triboelectricity includes sliding. Very early it was suggested by Volta and Helmholtz (see <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=W. R. |date=1961 |title=Electrification following the contact of solids |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107516108205281 |journal=Contemporary Physics |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=345–359 |doi=10.1080/00107516108205281 |issn=0010-7514}}</ref>) that the role of sliding was to produce more contacts per second, so the two are the same. The idea here is that electrons move many times faster than atoms, so the electrons are always in equilibrium when atoms move, what is called the [[Born–Oppenheimer approximation]]. Then again, a recent paper has suggested that the sliding can act as a pump which can excite electrons to go from one material to another,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alicki |first=Robert |last2=Jenkins |first2=Alejandro |date=2020 |title=Quantum Theory of Triboelectricity |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.186101 |journal=Physical Review Letters |language=en |volume=125 |issue=18 |pages=186101 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.186101 |issn=0031-9007}}</ref> and another has suggested that local heating during sliding matters.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Guangming |last2=Liu |first2=Jun |last3=Dou |first3=Wenjie |date=2022 |title=Non-adiabatic quantum dynamics of tribovoltaic effects at sliding metal–semiconductor interfaces |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211285522001185 |journal=Nano Energy |language=en |volume=96 |pages=107034 |doi=10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107034}}</ref> Other papers have considered that local bending at the nanoscale dominates.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mizzi |first=C. A. |last2=Lin |first2=A. Y. W. |last3=Marks |first3=L. D. |date=2019 |title=Does Flexoelectricity Drive Triboelectricity? |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.116103 |journal=Physical Review Letters |language=en |volume=123 |issue=11 |pages=116103 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.116103 |issn=0031-9007}}</ref> The jury is still out.
-==References==
-<references/>
-[[Category:Electrical phenomena]]