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{{Short description|Medical condition of mis-shaped sperm}}{{-spermia}} |
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{{Cleanup|date=February 2009}} |
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{{-spermia}} |
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==Causes== |
==Causes== |
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The causes of |
The causes of teratozoospermia are unknown in most cases. However, [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[coeliac disease]], and [[Crohn's disease]] may contribute in some instances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gfmer.ch/Endo/Lectures_09/dupan1.htm|title = Etiology of male infertility and Oligo-, Astheno-, Teratospermia (OAT)}}</ref> Lifestyle and habits (smoking, toxin exposure, etc.) can also cause poor morphology. [[Varicocele]] is another condition that is often associated with decreased normal forms (morphology). |
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In cases of '''globozoospermia''' (sperm with round heads), the [[Golgi apparatus]] is not transformed into the [[acrosome]] that is needed for [[fertilization]].<ref>Page 155 in: {{cite book | |
In cases of '''[[globozoospermia]]''' (sperm with round heads), the [[Golgi apparatus]] is not transformed into the [[acrosome]] that is needed for [[fertilization]].<ref>Page 155 in: {{cite book |author1=Hermann Behre |author2=Eberhard Nieschlag |title=Andrology : Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |year=2000 |isbn=3-540-67224-9 }}</ref> |
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==Symptoms and treatment== |
==Symptoms and treatment== |
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The presence of abnormally-shaped sperm can negatively affect fertility by |
The presence of abnormally-shaped sperm can negatively affect fertility by preventing transport through the [[cervix]] and/or preventing sperm from adhering to the [[ovum]]. Achieving a pregnancy may be difficult.<ref name="gfmer.ch">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gfmer.ch/Endo/Lectures_09/dupan.htm|title = Medical treatment of male infertility}}</ref> |
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In testing for |
In testing for teratozoospermia, sperm are collected, stained and analyzed under a microscope to detect abnormalities. These abnormalities may include heads that are large, small, tapered, or pyriform or tails that are abnormally shaped.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.endotext.org/male/male7/male7_2.htm |title=Endotext.com - Endocrinology of Male Reproduction, Clinical Management of Male Infertility |access-date=2008-12-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121074036/http://www.endotext.org/male/male7/male7_2.htm |archive-date=2008-11-21 }}</ref> |
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[[Antiestrogen]]s have been shown to be effective in the treatment of |
[[Antiestrogen]]s have been shown to be effective in the treatment of teratozoospermia.<ref name="gfmer.ch"/> |
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Teratozoospermia (including the ''globozoospermia''<ref>{{cite journal | |
Teratozoospermia (including the ''globozoospermia''<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Egashira A, Murakami M, Haigo K, Horiuchi T, Kuramoto T |title=A successful pregnancy and live birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with globozoospermic sperm and electrical oocyte activation |journal=Fertil. Steril. |volume= 92|issue= 6|pages= 2037.e5–2037.e9|date=September 2009 |pmid=19800059 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.08.013 |doi-access=free }}</ref> type), may be treated by [[intracytoplasmic sperm injection]] (ICSI), injecting sperm directly into the egg.<ref name=french>{{cite journal |vauthors=French DB, Sabanegh ES, Goldfarb J, Desai N |title=Does severe teratozoospermia affect blastocyst formation, live birth rate, and other clinical outcome parameters in ICSI cycles? |journal=Fertil Steril |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=1097–1103 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19200957 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.051 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Once the egg is fertilized, abnormal sperm morphology does not appear to influence [[blastocyst]] development or blastocyst morphology.<ref name=french/> Even with severe teratozoospermia, microscopy can still detect the few sperm cells that have a "normal" morphology, allowing for optimal success rate.<ref name=french/> |
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<references/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Male infertility]] |
*[[Male infertility]] |
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*[[Semen quality]] |
*[[Semen quality]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.teratozoospermia.net teratozoospermia.net] |
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{{Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals}} |
{{Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals}} |
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[[Category:Testicular infertility factors]] |
[[Category:Testicular infertility factors]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:23, 8 July 2023
| -spermia, Further information: Testicular infertility factors |
| Aspermia—lack of semen; anejaculation |
| Asthenozoospermia—sperm motility below lower reference limit |
| Azoospermia—absence of sperm in the ejaculate |
| Hyperspermia—semen volume above upper reference limit |
| Hypospermia—semen volume below lower reference limit |
| Oligospermia—total sperm count below lower reference limit |
| Necrospermia—absence of living sperm in the ejaculate |
| Teratospermia—fraction of normally formed sperm below lower reference limit |
Teratospermia or teratozoospermia is a condition characterized by the presence of sperm with abnormal morphology that affects fertility in males.
Causes
[edit]The causes of teratozoospermia are unknown in most cases. However, Hodgkin's disease, coeliac disease, and Crohn's disease may contribute in some instances.[1] Lifestyle and habits (smoking, toxin exposure, etc.) can also cause poor morphology. Varicocele is another condition that is often associated with decreased normal forms (morphology).
In cases of globozoospermia (sperm with round heads), the Golgi apparatus is not transformed into the acrosome that is needed for fertilization.[2]
Symptoms and treatment
[edit]The presence of abnormally-shaped sperm can negatively affect fertility by preventing transport through the cervix and/or preventing sperm from adhering to the ovum. Achieving a pregnancy may be difficult.[3]
In testing for teratozoospermia, sperm are collected, stained and analyzed under a microscope to detect abnormalities. These abnormalities may include heads that are large, small, tapered, or pyriform or tails that are abnormally shaped.[4]
Antiestrogens have been shown to be effective in the treatment of teratozoospermia.[3]
Teratozoospermia (including the globozoospermia[5] type), may be treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), injecting sperm directly into the egg.[6] Once the egg is fertilized, abnormal sperm morphology does not appear to influence blastocyst development or blastocyst morphology.[6] Even with severe teratozoospermia, microscopy can still detect the few sperm cells that have a "normal" morphology, allowing for optimal success rate.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Etiology of male infertility and Oligo-, Astheno-, Teratospermia (OAT)".
- ^ Page 155 in: Hermann Behre; Eberhard Nieschlag (2000). Andrology : Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-67224-9.
- ^ a b "Medical treatment of male infertility".
- ^ "Endotext.com - Endocrinology of Male Reproduction, Clinical Management of Male Infertility". Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- ^ Egashira A, Murakami M, Haigo K, Horiuchi T, Kuramoto T (September 2009). "A successful pregnancy and live birth after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with globozoospermic sperm and electrical oocyte activation". Fertil. Steril. 92 (6): 2037.e5–2037.e9. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.08.013. PMID 19800059.
- ^ a b c French DB, Sabanegh ES, Goldfarb J, Desai N (March 2010). "Does severe teratozoospermia affect blastocyst formation, live birth rate, and other clinical outcome parameters in ICSI cycles?". Fertil Steril. 93 (4): 1097–1103. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.051. PMID 19200957.