Adams County Paleo-Indian District: Difference between revisions

	Adams County Paleo-Indian District
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	View from the south
Location	North of U.S. Route 52 near Sandy Springs, Ohio
Coordinates	38°36′48″N 83°17′39″W / 38.61333°N 83.29417°W
Area	175 acres (71 ha)
NRHP reference No.	74001389
Added to NRHP	October 17, 1974

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The Adams County Paleo-Indian District is an archaeological site near Sandy Springs in Green Township, Adams County, Ohio, United States.

Excavation

Approximately 10,000 years BP, the site was repeatedly occupied by groups of Paleo-Indians, who took advantage of its location near salt springs to hunt local wildlife. Artifacts found at the site are concentrated in multiple small middens that are believed to represent individual campsites. Among these artifacts are gravers, scrapers, and projectile points.^[3]

Within a few years of the site's discovery, a 1982 report noted that it had yielded more than seventy fluted points^[4]^: 157 (elsewhere identified as Clovis points^[5]), which the report's authors declared made it an example of "unusual size and complexity".^[4]^: 157 Other researchers have designated them as Gainey Points.^[6] Such large sites as Adams County, or "Sandy Springs" as it is also known, are rare among Paleo-Indian sites; most discoveries related to the people are isolated finds,^[4]^: 158 although a comparable archaeological district known as the Welling site has been discovered in Coshocton County, Ohio. It appears that southern Adams County was highly significant for such primitive peoples because of its geology:^[4]^: 157 one of Ohio's few regions with combined shale and limestone bedrock, the Sandy Springs area is geologically similar to the Kentucky Bluegrass, making it a natural migration route for herds of animals roaming the Bluegrass.^[4]^: 158 As a result, Paleo-Indian hunters learned to use the area to watch for and ambush large herds of animals, which would have been travelling slowly due to the large river.^[4]^: 160

Recognition

The Adams County Paleo-Indian Archeological District is particularly valuable as a well-preserved example of the Paleo-Indian period. It is believed that the portion of the site that has been excavated is smaller than the portion that has not yet been excavated.^[3] In recognition of its archaeological significance, the site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Approximately 175 acres (71 ha) is included in the landmarked area.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
^ Ohio Valley Regional Development Commission. Adams County Tourism Map Archived 2010-07-02 at the Wayback Machine (key Archived 2010-07-02 at the Wayback Machine), June 2005. Accessed 2010-04-07.
^ ^a ^b Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 1. St. Clair Shores: Somerset, 1999, 1.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Seeman, Mark F., and Olaf H. Prufer. "An Updated Distribution of Ohio Fluted Points", Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 7.2 (1982): 155-169.
^ Cunningham, Roger M. "Paleo-Hunters Along the Ohio River", Archaeology of Eastern North America, 1.1 (1973): 118-126: 123.
^ Bennett, Jim, and Nils Nilsson., "Practical Observations about the Sandy Springs Paleo Site", Central States Archaeological Journal, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 21–24, 2018

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.

[2] Ohio Valley Regional Development Commission. Adams County Tourism Map Archived 2010-07-02 at the Wayback Machine (key Archived 2010-07-02 at the Wayback Machine), June 2005. Accessed 2010-04-07.

[dohp-3] Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 1. St. Clair Shores: Somerset, 1999, 1.

[prufer-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Seeman, Mark F., and Olaf H. Prufer. "An Updated Distribution of Ohio Fluted Points", Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 7.2 (1982): 155-169.

[5] Cunningham, Roger M. "Paleo-Hunters Along the Ohio River", Archaeology of Eastern North America, 1.1 (1973): 118-126: 123.

[6] Bennett, Jim, and Nils Nilsson., "Practical Observations about the Sandy Springs Paleo Site", Central States Archaeological Journal, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 21–24, 2018

[2]

[1]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Archaeological site in Ohio, United States}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
 {{Infobox NRHP
-  | name = Adams County Paleo-Indian District
+| name         = Adams County Paleo-Indian District
-  | nrhp_type =
+| nrhp_type    =
-  | image = Adams County Paleo-Indian District.jpg
+| image        = Adams County Paleo-Indian District.jpg
-  | caption = View from the south
+| caption      = View from the south
-  | location = North of [[U.S. Route 52]] near [[Sandy Springs, Ohio|Sandy Springs]], [[Ohio]]<ref>Ohio Valley Regional Development Commission.  [http://www.ovrdc.org/OVRDC%20GIS%20Mapping/Maps/New%20Updated%20Maps/Web%20Maps%202005/Adams/page%201%20adams%208_11%20map.pdf Adams County Tourism Map] ([http://www.ovrdc.org/OVRDC%20GIS%20Mapping/Maps/New%20Updated%20Maps/Web%20Maps%202005/Adams/page%205%20adams%20legend.pdf key]), June 2005.  Accessed 2010-04-07.</ref>
+| location     = North of [[U.S. Route 52]] near [[Sandy Springs, Ohio|Sandy Springs]], [[Ohio]]<ref>Ohio Valley Regional Development Commission.  [http://www.ovrdc.org/OVRDC%20GIS%20Mapping/Maps/New%20Updated%20Maps/Web%20Maps%202005/Adams/page%201%20adams%208_11%20map.pdf Adams County Tourism Map] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702013728/http://www.ovrdc.org/OVRDC%20GIS%20Mapping/Maps/New%20Updated%20Maps/Web%20Maps%202005/Adams/page%201%20adams%208_11%20map.pdf |date=2010-07-02 }} ([http://www.ovrdc.org/OVRDC%20GIS%20Mapping/Maps/New%20Updated%20Maps/Web%20Maps%202005/Adams/page%205%20adams%20legend.pdf key] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702013813/http://www.ovrdc.org/OVRDC%20GIS%20Mapping/Maps/New%20Updated%20Maps/Web%20Maps%202005/Adams/page%205%20adams%20legend.pdf |date=2010-07-02 }}), June 2005.  Accessed 2010-04-07.</ref>
+| coordinates  = {{coord|38|36|48|N|83|17|39|W|display=inline,title}}
-  | lat_degrees = 38
+| locmapin     = Ohio#USA
-  | lat_minutes = 36
+| architecture =
-  | lat_seconds = 48
+| added        = October 17, 1974
-  | lat_direction = N
+| area         = {{convert|175|acre}}
-  | long_degrees = 83
+| refnum       = 74001389<ref name=nris>{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>
-  | long_minutes = 17
-  | long_seconds = 39
-  | long_direction = W
-  | coord_display = inline,title
-  | locmapin = Ohio#USA
-  | architecture =
-  | added = October 17, 1974
-  | area = {{convert|175|acre}}
-  | governing_body = Private
-  | refnum = 74001389<ref name=nris>{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>
 }}
@@ Line 25: / Line 19: @@
 ==Excavation==
-Approximately 10,000 years [[Before Present|BP]], the site was repeatedly occupied by groups of [[Paleo-Indians]], who took advantage of its location near salt springs to hunt local wildlife.  [[artifact (archaeology)|Artifacts]] found at the site are concentrated in multiple small [[midden]]s that are believed to represent individual campsites.  Among these artifacts are [[Burin|gravers]], [[Scraper (archaeology)|scrapers]], and [[projectile point]]s.<ref name=dohp>Owen, Lorrie K., ed.  ''Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places''.  Vol. 1.  [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St. Clair Shores]]: Somerset, 1999, 1.</ref>
+Approximately 10,000 years [[Before Present|BP]], the site was repeatedly occupied by groups of [[Paleo-Indians]], who took advantage of its location near salt springs to hunt local wildlife.  [[artifact (archaeology)|Artifacts]] found at the site are concentrated in multiple small [[midden]]s that are believed to represent individual campsites.  Among these artifacts are [[Burin (lithic flake)|gravers]], [[Scraper (archaeology)|scrapers]], and [[projectile point]]s.<ref name=dohp>Owen, Lorrie K., ed.  ''Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places''.  Vol. 1.  [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St. Clair Shores]]: Somerset, 1999, 1.</ref>
-Within a few years of the site's discovery, a 1982 report noted that it had yielded more than seventy fluted points<ref name=prufer>Seeman, Mark F., and Olaf H. Prufer.  "[http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/20707888.pdf An Updated Distribution of Ohio Fluted Points]", ''[[Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology]]'' 7.2 (1982): 155-169.</ref>{{rp|157}} (elsewhere identified as [[Clovis point]]s<ref>Cunningham, Roger M.  "[http://www.jstor.org/stable/40914131 Paleo-Hunters Along the Ohio River]", ''Archaeology of Eastern North America'', 1.1 (1973): 118-126: 123.</ref>), which the report's authors declared made it an example of "unusual size and complexity".<ref name=prufer />{{rp|157}}  Such large sites as Adams County, or "Sandy Springs" as it is also known, are rare among Paleo-Indian sites; most discoveries related to the people are isolated finds,<ref name=prufer />{{rp|158}} although a comparable archaeological district known as the Welling Site has been discovered in [[Coshocton County, Ohio]].  It appears that southern Adams County was highly significant for such primitive peoples because of its geology:<ref name=prufer />{{rp|157}} one of Ohio's few regions with combined [[shale]] and [[limestone]] bedrock, the Sandy Springs area is geologically similar to the [[Bluegrass region|Kentucky Bluegrass]], making it a natural migration route for herds of animals roaming the Bluegrass.<ref name=prufer />{{rp|158}}  As a result, Paleo-Indian hunters learned to use the area to watch for and ambush large herds of animals, which would have been travelling slowly due to the large river.<ref name=prufer />{{rp|160}}
+Within a few years of the site's discovery, a 1982 report noted that it had yielded more than seventy fluted points<ref name=prufer>Seeman, Mark F., and Olaf H. Prufer.  "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/20707888.pdf An Updated Distribution of Ohio Fluted Points]", ''[[Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology]]'' 7.2 (1982): 155-169.</ref>{{rp|157}} (elsewhere identified as [[Clovis point]]s<ref>Cunningham, Roger M.  "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40914131 Paleo-Hunters Along the Ohio River]", ''Archaeology of Eastern North America'', 1.1 (1973): 118-126: 123.</ref>), which the report's authors declared made it an example of "unusual size and complexity".<ref name=prufer />{{rp|157}}  Other researchers have designated them as Gainey Points.<ref>Bennett, Jim, and Nils Nilsson., "Practical Observations about the Sandy Springs Paleo Site", Central States Archaeological Journal, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 21–24, 2018</ref> Such large sites as Adams County, or "Sandy Springs" as it is also known, are rare among Paleo-Indian sites; most discoveries related to the people are isolated finds,<ref name=prufer />{{rp|158}} although a comparable archaeological district known as the [[Welling site]] has been discovered in [[Coshocton County, Ohio]].  It appears that southern Adams County was highly significant for such primitive peoples because of its geology:<ref name=prufer />{{rp|157}} one of Ohio's few regions with combined [[shale]] and [[limestone]] bedrock, the Sandy Springs area is geologically similar to the [[Bluegrass region|Kentucky Bluegrass]], making it a natural migration route for herds of animals roaming the Bluegrass.<ref name=prufer />{{rp|158}}  As a result, Paleo-Indian hunters learned to use the area to watch for and ambush large herds of animals, which would have been travelling slowly due to the large river.<ref name=prufer />{{rp|160}}
 ==Recognition==
 The Adams County Paleo-Indian Archeological District is particularly valuable as a well-preserved example of the Paleo-Indian period.  It is believed that the portion of the site that has been excavated is smaller than the portion that has not yet been excavated.<ref name=dohp />  In recognition of its archaeological significance, the site was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1974.  Approximately {{convert|175|acre}} is included in the landmarked area.<ref name=nris />
+==See also==
+*[[Paleo Crossing site]]
 ==References==

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