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{{Short description|Primary cortical regions of the five sensory systems in the brain}} |
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The '''primary scccccccccccensory areas''' are the main cerebral areas that receive sensory information from [[thalamus|thalamic]] nerve projections. |
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The '''primary sensory areas''' are the [[cerebral cortex|primary cortical regions]] of the five sensory systems in the brain ([[taste]], [[olfaction]], [[touch]], [[hearing]] and [[visual perception|vision]]). Except for the olfactory system, they receive sensory information from thalamic nerve projections. The term ''primary'' comes from the fact that these cortical areas are the first level in a hierarchy of sensory information processing in the brain. This should not be confused with the function of the [[primary motor cortex]], which is the ''last'' site in the cortex for processing motor commands.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kandel |first=Eric |date=2013 |title=Principles of Neural Science |publisher=McGraw-Hill |page=344 |isbn=978-0-07-139011-8}}</ref> |
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Though some areas of the human brain that receive primary sensory information remain poorly defined, each of the five sensory modalities has been recognized to relate to specific groups of [[brain cells]] that begin to categorize and integrate sensory information. |
Though some areas of the human brain that receive primary sensory information remain poorly defined, each of the five sensory modalities has been recognized to relate to specific groups of [[brain cells]] that begin to categorize and integrate sensory information. |
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* '''[[Somatosensory system]]:''' The [[postcentral gyrus|primary somatosensory cortex]] (SI) is across the central sulcus and behind the [[primary motor cortex]] configured to generally correspond with the arrangement of nearby motor cells related to specific body parts. The area includes [[gray matter]] along the central gyrus and its extension into the [[postcentral gyrus]]. |
* '''[[Somatosensory system]]:''' The [[postcentral gyrus|primary somatosensory cortex]] (SI) is across the central sulcus and behind the [[primary motor cortex]] configured to generally correspond with the arrangement of nearby motor cells related to specific body parts. The area includes [[gray matter]] along the central gyrus and its extension into the [[postcentral gyrus]]. |
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* '''[[Taste]]:''' The ''[[Gustatory cortex|primary gustatory area]]'' consists of the anterior part of the [[insular cortex|insula]] and the frontal [[operculum (brain)|operculum]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kandel |first=Eric |date=2013 |title=Principles of Neural Science |publisher=McGraw-Hill |page=727 |isbn=978-0-07-139011-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1038/nn.3535 | volume=16 | issue=11 | title=Category-specific integration of homeostatic signals in caudal, but not rostral, human insula |date=Nov 2013 |last1=Simmons | first1=W. Kyle | last2= Rapuano | first2=Kristina M. | last3=Kallman | first3=Seth J. | last4=Ingeholm|first4=John E.| last5=Miller| first5=Bernard|last6=Gotts|first6=Stephen J.|last7=Avery|first7=Jason A.|last8=Hall|first8=Kevin D.|last9=Hall|first9=Kevin D.|journal=Nat. Neurosci. | pages=551–1552|pmc=3835665 | pmid=24077565}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |
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| last1 = Marieb | first1 = Elaine N. |
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* '''[[Taste]]:''' The ''primary gustatory area'' is near the face representation within the [[postcentral gyrus]]. It starts at about the most [[Human anatomical terms#Anatomical directions|lateral]] point on the gyrus and continues into the [[insular cortex]] where the [[postcentral gyrus]] folds over the ''operculum'' ([[Latin]]: ''eyelid'' or ''lid'') of the gyrus at the [[lateral sulcus]]. |
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| first2 = Katja | last2 = Hoehn |
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| title = [[Anatomy & Physiology, Third Edition]] |
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| location = Boston |
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| publisher = [[Benjamin Cummings/Pearson]] |
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| year= 2008 |
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| pages = 391–395 |
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| isbn = 978-0-8053-0094-9 }}</ref> |
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* '''[[Visual perception|Vision]]:''' The visual area known as V1, striate cortex, or ([[primary visual cortex]], Brodmann area 17) is located on the [[calcarine sulcus]] deep within the inside folds of the [[occipital lobe]]. |
* '''[[Visual perception|Vision]]:''' The visual area known as V1, striate cortex, or ([[primary visual cortex]], Brodmann area 17) is located on the [[calcarine sulcus]] deep within the inside folds of the [[occipital lobe]]. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Prosencephalon}} |
{{Prosencephalon}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Primary Sensory Areas}} |
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[[Category:Cerebrum]] |
[[Category:Cerebrum]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:33, 6 August 2023
The primary sensory areas are the primary cortical regions of the five sensory systems in the brain (taste, olfaction, touch, hearing and vision). Except for the olfactory system, they receive sensory information from thalamic nerve projections. The term primary comes from the fact that these cortical areas are the first level in a hierarchy of sensory information processing in the brain. This should not be confused with the function of the primary motor cortex, which is the last site in the cortex for processing motor commands.[1]
Though some areas of the human brain that receive primary sensory information remain poorly defined, each of the five sensory modalities has been recognized to relate to specific groups of brain cells that begin to categorize and integrate sensory information.
- Somatosensory system: The primary somatosensory cortex (SI) is across the central sulcus and behind the primary motor cortex configured to generally correspond with the arrangement of nearby motor cells related to specific body parts. The area includes gray matter along the central gyrus and its extension into the postcentral gyrus.
- Taste: The primary gustatory area consists of the anterior part of the insula and the frontal operculum.[2][3][4]
- Olfaction: The olfactory cortex is located in the uncus which is found along the ventral surface of the temporal lobe. Olfaction is the only sensory system that is not routed through the thalamus.
- Vision: The visual area known as V1, striate cortex, or (primary visual cortex, Brodmann area 17) is located on the calcarine sulcus deep within the inside folds of the occipital lobe.
- Hearing: The primary auditory cortex is located on the transverse gyri that lie on the back of the superior temporal convolution of the temporal lobes.
References
[edit]- ^ Kandel, Eric (2013). Principles of Neural Science. McGraw-Hill. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-07-139011-8.
- ^ Kandel, Eric (2013). Principles of Neural Science. McGraw-Hill. p. 727. ISBN 978-0-07-139011-8.
- ^ Simmons, W. Kyle; Rapuano, Kristina M.; Kallman, Seth J.; Ingeholm, John E.; Miller, Bernard; Gotts, Stephen J.; Avery, Jason A.; Hall, Kevin D.; Hall, Kevin D. (Nov 2013). "Category-specific integration of homeostatic signals in caudal, but not rostral, human insula". Nat. Neurosci. 16 (11): 551–1552. doi:10.1038/nn.3535. PMC 3835665. PMID 24077565.
- ^ Marieb, Elaine N.; Hoehn, Katja (2008). Anatomy & Physiology, Third Edition. Boston: Benjamin Cummings/Pearson. pp. 391–395. ISBN 978-0-8053-0094-9.