Thika River: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Tana OSM.png|right|thumb|330px|Thika River (top left)]] |
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The '''Thika River''' flows through central [[Kenya]] and is a tributary of [[Tana River (Kenya)|Tana River]]. The Thika River is a significant source of hydroelectric power in Kenya and provides most of the water supply for [[Nairobi]], Kenya's capital and largest city. |
The '''Thika River''' flows through Kiambu County in central [[Kenya]] and is a tributary of the [[Tana River (Kenya)|Tana River]]. The river forms a psychological boundary between the counties of Murang'a and Kiambu. The Thika River is a significant source of hydroelectric power in Kenya and provides most of the water supply for [[Nairobi]], Kenya's capital and largest city. |
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The name ''Thika'' originates either from the [[Gikuyu language|Kikuyu language]] or from the [[Maasai language]].<ref name="Thika">{{cite web|url=http://www.thikamunicipal.go.ke/bginfo.php|title=Municipal council of Thika: Background information|publisher=Municipal Council of Thika|accessdate=2008-09-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029063219/http://www.thikamunicipal.go.ke/bginfo.php|archivedate=2008-10-29}}</ref> It may relate to the Kikuyu word ''guthika'', which means ''to bury''.<ref name="Thika" /> It also resembles the Maasai word ''sika'', which means ''to rub something away from an edge''.<ref name="Thika" /> |
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== Course == |
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The Thika River originates in the orginates in the [[Aberdare Range]]. It flows toward the [[Indian Ocean]] as a tributary of the Tana River]]. |
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| ⚫ | <ref name="reservoir">{{cite book|url= |
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==Course== |
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| ⚫ | The Thika River originates in the [[Aberdare Range]].<ref name="reservoir">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XDtP9_hNKAAC&dq=Thika+river&pg=PA131|title=Water Resources and Reservoir Engineering |pages=131–140|author=British Dam Society Conference|publisher= Thomas Telford |year=1992|accessdate=2009-02-20 | isbn=978-0-7277-1692-7}}</ref> It flows to the Tana River, which empties into the [[Indian Ocean]].<ref name="reservoir" /> |
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During the early twentieth century colonial big game hunters noted hippopotamus and crocodiles along the deeper sections of the river. |
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A landmark along the river's course is Thika Falls, near the town of [[Thika]].<ref name="ambros">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7ha1PXs1OcC&dq=Thika+river&pg=PA162|title=Kenya: An Up-to-date Travel Guide with 153 Color Photos and 14 Maps |pages=159–162|author=Eva Ambros|publisher= Hunter Publishing |year=1999|accessdate=2009-02-20 | isbn=978-3-88618-167-4}}</ref> Thika Falls has a drop of about {{convert|25|m|ft}} in a wilderness area within walking distance of the [[Blue Post Hotel]], one of the oldest hotels in Kenya.<ref name="ambros" /> |
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| ⚫ | Eighty percent of the water supply for |
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==Ecology== |
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During the early twentieth century, colonial big game hunters noted hippopotamus and crocodiles along the deeper sections of the river.<ref name="macqueen">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/inwildestafrica00macqgoog|quote=Thika river.|title=In Wildest Africa: The Record of a Hunting and Exploration Trip Through Uganda, Victoria Nyanza, the Kilimanjaro Region and British East Africa, with an Account of an Ascent of the Snowfields of Mount Kibo, in East Central Africa, and a Description of the Various Native Tribes|pages=[https://archive.org/details/inwildestafrica00macqgoog/page/n387 273]–274|author=[[Peter McHarg MacQueen|Peter MacQueen]]|publisher= George Ball and Sons|year=1909|accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref> Baboons and leopards inhabited the forest near Thika Falls.<ref name="macqueen" /> Antelopes and zebras lived in the open country upriver from the falls.<ref name="macqueen" /> Rhinoceros, lions, and hyenas also resided in the area.<ref name="macqueen" /> Most of the game today relocated either upriver to the Aberdares forest or downriver due to pressure from increased human settlement along the river. |
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| ⚫ | Eighty percent of the water supply for Nairobi, Kenya's capital city, comes from the Thika River.<ref name="usda">{{cite book|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm|title=Hydrologic And Environmental Impacts Of Conservation Practices In Oklahoma Agricultural Watersheds (abstract)|pages=1|author=Moriasi, Daniel|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service|year=2007|accessdate=2009-02-20|display-authors=etal|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216082029/http://ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm|archivedate=2009-02-16}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | [[Hydroelectric power]] from the Thika River supplies a significant portion of Kenya's electricity. The first proposal for exploiting the Thika River's hydroelectric potential was put forward shortly after World War I by [[Guglielmo Marconi]] as a means for supplying power for a planned radio communications station in Nairobi.<ref name="Hugill">{{cite book|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=215780|title=Global Communications since 1844|pages= |
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| ⚫ | The Thika is part of the Tana basin, the most extensively engineered of Kenya's major arid watersheds.<ref name="hydrology">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmdYFTlcSgEC&dq=Thika+river&pg=PA421|title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa |pages=421–422|author=Mamdouh Shahin|publisher= Springer |year=2002|accessdate=2009-02-20 | isbn=978-1-4020-0866-5}}</ref> [[Hydroelectric power]] from the Thika River supplies a significant portion of Kenya's electricity. The first proposal for exploiting the Thika River's hydroelectric potential was put forward shortly after World War I by [[Guglielmo Marconi]] as a means for supplying power for a planned radio communications station in Nairobi.<ref name="Hugill">{{cite book|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=215780|title=Global Communications since 1844|pages=118–119|author=Peter J. Hugill|publisher= JHU Press|year=1999|accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref> Marconi's plan was not implemented, but in 1994 the [[Thika Dam]] was constructed with a resulting [[water reservoir]] of {{convert|70|e6m3|e9impgal e9usgal|abbr=off}}.<ref name="usda" /><ref name="Hugill" /> The Thika River also contributes to the [[Masinga Reservoir]], which serves the [[Seven Forks Dams]].<ref name="usda" /> Taken together, three-quarters of Kenya's electrical supply derives from these dams.<ref name="usda" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[https://www.panoramio.com/photo/12328241 Panoramic photograph of Thika Falls] |
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{{Rivers of Kenya}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Coord missing|Kenya}} |
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[[Category:Rivers of Kenya]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Kenya]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:45, 6 August 2023
The Thika River flows through Kiambu County in central Kenya and is a tributary of the Tana River. The river forms a psychological boundary between the counties of Murang'a and Kiambu. The Thika River is a significant source of hydroelectric power in Kenya and provides most of the water supply for Nairobi, Kenya's capital and largest city.
The name Thika originates either from the Kikuyu language or from the Maasai language.[1] It may relate to the Kikuyu word guthika, which means to bury.[1] It also resembles the Maasai word sika, which means to rub something away from an edge.[1]
Course
[edit]The Thika River originates in the Aberdare Range.[2] It flows to the Tana River, which empties into the Indian Ocean.[2]
A landmark along the river's course is Thika Falls, near the town of Thika.[3] Thika Falls has a drop of about 25 metres (82 ft) in a wilderness area within walking distance of the Blue Post Hotel, one of the oldest hotels in Kenya.[3]
Ecology
[edit]During the early twentieth century, colonial big game hunters noted hippopotamus and crocodiles along the deeper sections of the river.[4] Baboons and leopards inhabited the forest near Thika Falls.[4] Antelopes and zebras lived in the open country upriver from the falls.[4] Rhinoceros, lions, and hyenas also resided in the area.[4] Most of the game today relocated either upriver to the Aberdares forest or downriver due to pressure from increased human settlement along the river.
Water source
[edit]Eighty percent of the water supply for Nairobi, Kenya's capital city, comes from the Thika River.[5]
Deforestation and overgrazing along the river's heavily populated course have caused soil erosion problems.[5] Sediments have reduced river flow, reservoir size, and water quality.[5] Water quality has also deteriorated due to pesticide runoff.[5]
Hydroelectricity
[edit]The Thika is part of the Tana basin, the most extensively engineered of Kenya's major arid watersheds.[6] Hydroelectric power from the Thika River supplies a significant portion of Kenya's electricity. The first proposal for exploiting the Thika River's hydroelectric potential was put forward shortly after World War I by Guglielmo Marconi as a means for supplying power for a planned radio communications station in Nairobi.[7] Marconi's plan was not implemented, but in 1994 the Thika Dam was constructed with a resulting water reservoir of 70 million cubic metres (15 billion imperial gallons; 18 billion US gallons).[5][7] The Thika River also contributes to the Masinga Reservoir, which serves the Seven Forks Dams.[5] Taken together, three-quarters of Kenya's electrical supply derives from these dams.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Municipal council of Thika: Background information". Municipal Council of Thika. Archived from the original on 2008-10-29. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
- ^ a b British Dam Society Conference (1992). Water Resources and Reservoir Engineering. Thomas Telford. pp. 131–140. ISBN 978-0-7277-1692-7. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ^ a b Eva Ambros (1999). Kenya: An Up-to-date Travel Guide with 153 Color Photos and 14 Maps. Hunter Publishing. pp. 159–162. ISBN 978-3-88618-167-4. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ^ a b c d Peter MacQueen (1909). In Wildest Africa: The Record of a Hunting and Exploration Trip Through Uganda, Victoria Nyanza, the Kilimanjaro Region and British East Africa, with an Account of an Ascent of the Snowfields of Mount Kibo, in East Central Africa, and a Description of the Various Native Tribes. George Ball and Sons. pp. 273–274. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
Thika river.
- ^ a b c d e f g Moriasi, Daniel; et al. (2007). Hydrologic And Environmental Impacts Of Conservation Practices In Oklahoma Agricultural Watersheds (abstract). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ^ Mamdouh Shahin (2002). Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa. Springer. pp. 421–422. ISBN 978-1-4020-0866-5. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ^ a b Peter J. Hugill (1999). Global Communications since 1844. JHU Press. pp. 118–119. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
External links
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