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{{short description|None}}

The following is a [[:Category:City timelines|timeline]] of the [[Luanda#History|history]] of the [[List of cities and towns in Angola|city]] of [[Luanda]], [[Angola]].
The following is a [[:Category:City timelines|timeline]] of the [[Luanda#History|history]] of the [[List of cities and towns in Angola|city]] of [[Luanda]], [[Angola]].
{{Dynamic list}}
{{Dynamic list}}
{{TOC right}}
{{TOC right}}


==16th-18th centuries==
==16th–18th centuries==
{{History of Angola}}
{{History of Angola}}


* 1530s - "Portuguese establish a slave-trading station."<ref name="FalolaWarnock2007">{{cite book|editor= [[Toyin Falola]] and Amanda Warnock |title=Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage |year= 2007|publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-33480-1 |chapter=Chronology |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UjRYKePKrB8C }}</ref>
* 1530s – "Portuguese establish a slave-trading station."<ref name="FalolaWarnock2007">{{cite book|editor= [[Toyin Falola]] and Amanda Warnock |title=Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage |year= 2007|publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-33480-1 |chapter=Chronology |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UjRYKePKrB8C }}</ref>
* 1575 - Church built on [[Ilha de Luanda]].{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* 1575 – Church built on [[Ilha de Luanda]].{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* 1576
* 1576
** São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda founded by Portuguese [[Paulo Dias de Novais]].{{sfn|Santos|2008}}
** São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda founded by Portuguese [[Paulo Dias de Novais]].{{sfn|Santos|2008}}{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
** [[Fortress of São Miguel]] built.
** [[Fortress of São Miguel]] built.
* 1605 - Settlement recognized as a city.{{sfn|Santos|2008}}
* 1605 – Settlement recognized as a city.{{sfn|Santos|2008}}
* 1618 - Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra built.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* 1618 – Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra built.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* 1623 - Jesuit college founded.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Cambridge University Press |author = Roquinaldo Amaral Ferreira |title = Cross-cultural exchange in the Atlantic world: Angola and Brazil during the era of the slave trade |publication-date = 2012 |isbn=9780521863308 }}</ref>
* 1623 – Jesuit college founded.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Cambridge University Press |author = Roquinaldo Amaral Ferreira |title = Cross-cultural exchange in the Atlantic world: Angola and Brazil during the era of the slave trade |date = 2012 |isbn=9780521863308 }}</ref>
* 1634 - [[Fortress of São Miguel]] rebuilt.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* 1634 – [[Fortress of São Miguel]] rebuilt.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* 1641 - [[Capture of Luanda]] by Dutch.<ref name=james2011-chronology>{{Citation |publisher = [[Scarecrow Press]] |publication-place = US |author = W. Martin James |title = Historical Dictionary of Angola |publication-date = 2011 |edition=2nd |isbn=9780810871939 |chapter=Chronology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4A5NM4IeBXgC }}</ref>
* 1641 – [[Capture of Luanda]] by Dutch.<ref name=james2011-chronology>{{Citation |publisher = [[Scarecrow Press]] |location = US |author = W. Martin James |title = Historical Dictionary of Angola |date = 2011 |edition=2nd |isbn=9780810871939 |chapter=Chronology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4A5NM4IeBXgC }}</ref>{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
* 1648 – Returned to being a Portuguese possession.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
* 1679 - [[Cathedral of Luanda]] built.
* 1684 - Bishop's seat relocated to Luanda from [[São Salvador, Angola|São Salvador]].
* 1679 – [[Cathedral of Luanda]] built.
* 1684 – Bishop's seat relocated to Luanda from [[São Salvador, Angola|São Salvador]].
* 1764 - Arquivo Historico de Angola organized.{{sfn|Miller|1974}}
* 1764 – Arquivo Historico de Angola organized.{{sfn|Miller|1974}}
* 1766 - [[Fortress of São Francisco do Penedo]] rebuilt.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* 1766 – [[Fortress of São Francisco do Penedo]] rebuilt.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* 1769 - Aula de Geometria e Fortificacao (educational institution) founded.{{sfn|Santos|2008}}
* 1769 – Aula de Geometria e Fortificacao (educational institution) founded.{{sfn|Santos|2008}}
* 1781 - Population: 9,755.{{sfn|Curto|2001}}
* 1781 – Population: 9,755.{{sfn|Curto|2001}}
* 1796 - Population: 7,204.{{sfn|Curto|2001}}
* 1796 – Population: 7,204.{{sfn|Curto|2001}}


==19th century==
==19th century==
* 1816 - Population: 4,689.{{sfn|Curto|2001}}
* 1816 – Population: 4,689.{{sfn|Curto|2001}}
* 1836 - [[Slavery in Angola|Slave trade]] declared illegal.{{sfn|Curto|1999}}
* 1836 – [[Slavery in Angola|Slave trade]] declared illegal.{{sfn|Curto|1999}}
* 1844
* 1844
** Port opens to foreign shipping.{{sfn|Curto|1999}}
** Port opens to foreign shipping.{{sfn|Curto|1999}}
** Population: 5,605.{{sfn|Curto|1999}}
** Population: 5,605.{{sfn|Curto|1999}}
* 1850 - Population: 12,565.{{sfn|Curto|1999}}
* 1850 – Population: 12,565.{{sfn|Curto|1999}}
* 1865 - [[Banco Nacional Ultramarino]] branch opens.<ref name=bna>{{cite web |url=http://www.bna.ao/Conteudos/Artigos/detalhe_artigo.aspx?idc=168&idl=1 |title=Historia |language=Portuguese |publisher=Banco Nacional de Angola |accessdate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
* 1865 – [[Banco Nacional Ultramarino]] branch opens.<ref name=bna>{{cite web |url=http://www.bna.ao/Conteudos/Artigos/detalhe_artigo.aspx?idc=168&idl=1 |title=Historia |language=pt |publisher=Banco Nacional de Angola |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>
* 1873 - Biblioteca Municipal established.<ref name=saur2011>{{Citation |publisher = De Gruyter Saur |isbn = 9783110230710 |title = World Guide to Libraries |edition=25th |publication-date = 2011 }}</ref>
* 1873 – Biblioteca Municipal established.<ref name=saur2011>{{Citation |publisher = De Gruyter Saur |isbn = 9783110230710 |title = World Guide to Libraries |edition=25th |date = 2011 }}</ref>
* 1881 - ''O Echo de Angola'' begins publication.<ref name="Hamilton1975">{{cite book|author=Russell G. Hamilton|title=Voices from an Empire: A History of Afro-Portuguese Literature |year= 1975|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-5781-0}}</ref>
* 1881 – ''O Echo de Angola'' begins publication.<ref name="Hamilton1975">{{cite book|author=Russell G. Hamilton|title=Voices from an Empire: A History of Afro-Portuguese Literature |url=https://archive.org/details/voicesfromempire0000hami|url-access=registration|year= 1975|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-5781-0}}</ref>
* 1889 - [[Luanda Railway]] and aqueduct begin operating.
* 1889 – [[Luanda Railway]] and aqueduct begin operating.
* 1896 - [[Palácio de Ferro]] (iron palace) assembled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpip.org/def/en/Homepage/Entry?a=67 |title=Palácio de Ferro |publisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence |accessdate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
* 1896 – [[Palácio de Ferro]] (iron palace) assembled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpip.org/def/en/Homepage/Entry?a=67 |title=Palácio de Ferro |publisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>


==20th century==
==20th century==
[[File:Brasão de Luanda.png|thumb|upright|Portuguese coat of arms of the city of Luanda]]

* 1908 - ''Voz de Angola'' [[List of newspapers in Angola|newspaper]] begins publication.<ref name=worldcat />
* 1908 – ''Voz de Angola'' [[List of newspapers in Angola|newspaper]] begins publication.<ref name=worldcat />
* 1910 - Population: 15,000 (approximate).{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
* 1910 – Population: 15,000 (approximate).{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
* 1913 - [[Angolan League]] founded in Luanda.<ref name=james2011-chronology />
* 1913 – [[Angolan League]] founded in Luanda.<ref name=james2011-chronology />
* 1923 - ''A Provincia de Angola'' [[List of newspapers in Angola|newspaper]] begins publication.<ref name=worldcat>{{cite web |url= http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3ALuanda+%28Luanda%2C+Angola%29+Newspapers.&qt=hot_subject |title= Luanda (Luanda, Angola) Newspapers |location=US |work=WorldCat |publisher=[[Online Computer Library Center]] |accessdate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
* 1923 – ''A Provincia de Angola'' [[List of newspapers in Angola|newspaper]] begins publication.<ref name=worldcat>{{cite web |url= http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3ALuanda+%28Luanda%2C+Angola%29+Newspapers.&qt=hot_subject |title= Luanda (Luanda, Angola) Newspapers |location=US |work=WorldCat |publisher=[[Online Computer Library Center]] |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>
* 1930 - ''Diario de Luanda'' newspaper begins publication.<ref name=worldcat />
* 1930 – ''Diario de Luanda'' newspaper begins publication.<ref name=worldcat />
* 1940
* 1940
** [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luanda]] established.<ref name=katolsk>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Angola |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/angola |work=www.katolsk.no |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |accessdate=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
** [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Luanda]] established.<ref name=katolsk>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Angola |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/angola |work=www.katolsk.no |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |access-date=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
** Population: 61,028.<ref name=Amaral-1978>{{cite journal |title=Contribuição para o conhecimento do fenómeno de urbanização em Angola |author=Ilídio do Amaral |author-link=:pt:Ilídio do Amaral |language=pt |volume=13 |number=25 |journal=[[:pt:Finisterra (revista)|Finisterra]] |issn=0430-5027 |publisher=Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa |url=http://revistas.rcaap.pt/finisterra/issue/view/135 |year= 1978 }}</ref>
** Population: 61,208.
* 1942 - Liceu Salvador Correia de Sa (school) built.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Ashgate |publication-place = UK |editor = Fassil Demissie |title = Colonial architecture and urbanism in Africa |publication-date = 2011 |isbn=9780754675129 |chapter= Colonial Architecture in Angola |author1=C. Salvador |author2=C. Rodrigues }}</ref>
* 1942 – Liceu Salvador Correia de Sa (school) built.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Ashgate |location = UK |editor = Fassil Demissie |title = Colonial architecture and urbanism in Africa |date = 2011 |isbn=9780754675129 |chapter= Colonial Architecture in Angola |author1=C. Salvador |author2=C. Rodrigues }}</ref>
* 1950 - Population: 141,647.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1955 |year= |publisher=[[Statistical Office of the United Nations]] |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}</ref>
* 1950 – Population: 141,647.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1955 |publisher=[[Statistical Office of the United Nations]] |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}</ref>
* 1951 - ''Mensagem'' literary magazine begins publication.<ref>{{cite book |title=Marxism and African literature |editor=Georg M. Gugelberger |publisher=Africa World Press |year=1986 |ISBN=0865430314 |author=Russel G. Hamilton |chapter=Class, Race, and Authorship in Angola }}</ref>
* 1951 – ''Mensagem'' literary magazine begins publication.<ref>{{cite book |title=Marxism and African literature |editor=Georg M. Gugelberger |publisher=Africa World Press |year=1986 |isbn=0865430314 |author=Russel G. Hamilton |chapter=Class, Race, and Authorship in Angola }}</ref>
* 1954 - General Craveiro Lopes Airport inaugurated.<ref name=hpip />
* 1954 – General Craveiro Lopes Airport inaugurated.<ref name=hpip />
* 1956
* 1956
** Museu Nacional de História Natural (natural history museum) built.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://museunhn-angola.org/museu.htm |title= O Museu: Historial |publisher=Museu Nacional de História Natural |accessdate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
** [[Museu Nacional de História Natural de Angola]] (Natural History Museum of Angola) built.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://museunhn-angola.org/museu.htm |title=O Museu: Historial |publisher=Museu Nacional de História Natural |access-date=21 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021145635/http://museunhn-angola.org/museu.htm |archive-date=21 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
** [[People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola]] headquartered in Luanda.
** [[People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola]] headquartered in Luanda.
* 1958 - Petroleum refinery built by Fina Petroleos de Angola.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sonangol.co.ao/corp/oilinangola_en.shtml |title=Petroleum in Angola |location=Luanda |publisher=[[Sonangol]] |accessdate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
* 1958 – Petroleum refinery built by Fina Petroleos de Angola.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sonangol.co.ao/corp/oilinangola_en.shtml |title=Petroleum in Angola |location=Luanda |publisher=[[Sonangol]] |access-date=21 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231025909/http://www.sonangol.co.ao/corp/oilinangola_en.shtml |archive-date=31 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* 1960 – Population: 224,540.<ref name=Amaral-1978 />
* 1962 - Estudos Gerais Universitários de Angola founded.
* 1962 – Estudos Gerais Universitários de Angola founded.
* 1964 - [[:pt:Cine Atlântico|Cinema Império]] (cinema) built.<ref name=hpip>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpip.org/def/en/Contents/Navigation/GeographicToponymicNavigation/Place?a=285 |title=Luanda |work=Heritage of Portuguese Influence |publisher=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]] |location=Lisbon |accessdate=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
* 1964 – {{ill|Cine Atlântico|pt}} (cinema) built.<ref name=hpip>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpip.org/def/en/Contents/Navigation/GeographicToponymicNavigation/Place?a=285 |title=Luanda |work=Heritage of Portuguese Influence |publisher=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]] |location=Lisbon |access-date=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
* 1969 - [[National Library of Angola]] founded.<ref name=saur2011 />
* 1969 – [[National Library of Angola]] founded.<ref name=saur2011 />
* 1970 - Population: 475,328 urban agglomeration.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247-289 }}</ref>
* 1970 – Population: 475,328 urban agglomeration.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}</ref>
* 1975
* 1975
** June: [[Angolan Civil War]] begins.<ref name=europa2004>{{cite book |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004 |series=Regional Surveys of the World |publisher= [[Europa Publications]] |year=2004 |isbn= 1857431839 |chapter=Angola: Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC |page=62+ }}</ref>
** June: [[Angolan Civil War]] begins.<ref name=europa2004>{{cite book |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004 |series=Regional Surveys of the World |publisher= [[Europa Publications]] |year=2004 |isbn= 1857431839 |chapter=Angola: Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC |page=62+ }}</ref>
** 11 November: City becomes part of independent [[Republic of Angola]].<ref name="Chabal2002">{{cite book|editor=Patrick Chabal|title=History of Postcolonial Lusophone Africa|year=2002|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21565-9 |chapter=Angola |author=David Birmingham |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lRyiqHlOYwMC |page=157+ }}</ref>
** 11 November: City becomes part of independent [[Republic of Angola]].<ref name="Chabal2002">{{cite book|editor=Patrick Chabal|title=History of Postcolonial Lusophone Africa|year=2002|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21565-9 |chapter=Angola |author=David Birmingham |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lRyiqHlOYwMC |page=157+ }}</ref>
** União dos Escritores Angolano (writer's union) established.<ref name=sibmas>{{cite web |url=http://www.sibmas.org/idpac/africa/aol001.html |title=Luanda, Angola |date= |work=SIBMAS International Directory of Performing Arts Collections and Institutions |publisher=[[International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts]] |accessdate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
** União dos Escritores Angolano (writer's union) established.<ref name=sibmas>{{cite web |url=http://www.sibmas.org/idpac/africa/aol001.html |title=Luanda, Angola |work=SIBMAS International Directory of Performing Arts Collections and Institutions |publisher=[[International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts]] |access-date=21 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928104858/http://www.sibmas.org/idpac/africa/aol001.html |archive-date=28 September 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
** Televisao Publica de Angola headquartered in city.<ref name=europa2004 />
** Televisao Publica de Angola headquartered in city.<ref name=europa2004 />
* 1976
* 1976
** Museu Nacional de Antropologia (anthropology museum) and [[Grupo Desportivo Interclube]] football club founded.
** [[Museu Nacional de Antropologia (Angola)|Museu Nacional de Antropologia]] (National Anthropology Museum) and [[Grupo Desportivo Interclube]] football club founded.
** [[National Bank of Angola]] headquartered in city.<ref name=bna />
** [[National Bank of Angola]] headquartered in city.<ref name=bna />
* 1978 - [[Angola Red Cross]] and Cinemateca Nacional de Angola headquartered in city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinematecangola.org/ |title=A Cinemateca |language=Portuguese |location=Luanda |publisher=Cinemateca Nacional de Angola |accessdate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
* 1978 – [[Angola Red Cross]] and Cinemateca Nacional de Angola headquartered in city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinematecangola.org/ |title=A Cinemateca |language=pt |location=Luanda |publisher=Cinemateca Nacional de Angola |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>
* 1979
* 1979
** [[Agostinho Neto University|University of Angola]] established.
** [[Agostinho Neto University|University of Angola]] established.
** 17 September: Funeral of [[Agostinho Neto]].<ref name="Kalley1999">{{cite book|editor=Jacqueline Audrey Kalley|title=Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-30247-3|display-editors=etal}}</ref>
** 17 September: Funeral of [[Agostinho Neto]].<ref name="Kalley1999">{{cite book|editor=Jacqueline Audrey Kalley|title=Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-30247-3|display-editors=etal}}</ref>
* 1980 - Empresa de Electricidade de Luanda (electricity company),<ref>{{cite book |title=L'énergie en Afrique: la situation énergétique de 34 pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne et du Nord |editor=J. Girod |publisher=Karthala |year= 1994 |ISBN=2865375498 |language=French }}</ref> [[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda]] football club, and National Centre for Historical Documentation and Research established.<ref>{{citation |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001471/147147porb.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Unesco |language=pt |title=Republica Popular de Angola: Centro Nacional de Documentação Histórica |year=1981 }}</ref>
* 1980 – Empresa de Electricidade de Luanda (electricity company),<ref>{{cite book |title=L'énergie en Afrique: la situation énergétique de 34 pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne et du Nord |editor=J. Girod |publisher=Karthala |year= 1994 |isbn=2865375498 |language=fr }}</ref> [[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda]] football club, and National Centre for Historical Documentation and Research established.<ref>{{citation |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001471/147147porb.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Unesco |language=pt |title=Republica Popular de Angola: Centro Nacional de Documentação Histórica |year=1981 }}</ref>
* 1981 - August-September: [[Central African Games]] held in city.
* 1981 – August–September: [[Central African Games]] held in city.
* 1985 – City joins the newly formed {{illm|União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas|pt}}.
* 1988 - Elinga Theater established.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2014 |title= Last Place of Cultural Dynamism in Luanda is No More |via=[[Global Voices Online|Global Voices]] }}</ref>
* 1988 – Elinga Theater established.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2014 |title= Last Place of Cultural Dynamism in Luanda is No More |via=[[Global Voices Online|Global Voices]] }}</ref>
* 1991 - October: UNITA headquarters relocated to Luanda from [[Jamba, Cuando Cubango|Jamba]].<ref name=europa2004 />
* 1989 – October: International [[Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa]] meets in Luanda.<ref>{{cite book|editor1=[[German Institute of Global and Area Studies|Institut für Afrika-Kunde]] |editor2= Rolf Hofmeier |title=Afrika Jahrbuch 1989: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in Afrika südlich der Sahara |oclc=19093344 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k-PRBgAAQBAJ |publisher= Leske + Budrich |location=Germany |isbn=978-3-322-92639-5 |language=de |year= 1990 |chapter= Angola
|author= Telse Diederichsen |pages= 293–300 }} (Includes chronology)</ref>
* 1991 – October: UNITA headquarters relocated to Luanda from [[Jamba, Cuando Cubango|Jamba]].<ref name=europa2004 />
* 1992
* 1992
** Luanda Antena Comercial (radio) begins broadcasting.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacluanda.co.ao/lac/historial/lac-20-anos |title=LAC 20 Anos |publisher= Luanda Antena Comercial |accessdate=21 May 2013 |language=Portuguese }}</ref>
** Luanda Antena Comercial (radio) begins broadcasting.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lacluanda.co.ao/lac/historial/lac-20-anos |title=LAC 20 Anos |publisher= Luanda Antena Comercial |access-date=21 May 2013 |language=pt }}</ref>
** 30 October-1 November: [[Halloween Massacre (Angola)|Three Day War]].<ref name=james2011-chronology />
** 30 October-1 November: [[Halloween Massacre (Angola)|Three Day War]].<ref name=james2011-chronology />
* 1993 - Population: 1,822,407 (urban agglomeration).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2011 |year=2012 |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]] |title=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}</ref>
* 1993 – Population: 1,822,407 (urban agglomeration).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2011 |year=2012 |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]] |title=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}</ref>
* 1997
* 1997
** ''Jornal do Rangel'' newspaper begins publication.<ref name=james2011 />
** ''Jornal do Rangel'' newspaper begins publication.<ref name=james2011 />
** [[National Museum of Slavery (Angola)|National Museum of Slavery]] founded.
** [[National Museum of Slavery (Angola)|National Museum of Slavery]] founded.
* 1999
* 1999
** [[Catholic University of Angola]] and Cha de Caxinde publishing firm founded.<ref name=james2011>{{Citation |publisher = [[Scarecrow Press]] |publication-place = US |author = W. Martin James |title = Historical Dictionary of Angola |publication-date = 2011 |edition=2nd |isbn=9780810871939 }}</ref>
** [[Catholic University of Angola]] and Cha de Caxinde publishing firm founded.<ref name=james2011>{{Citation |publisher = [[Scarecrow Press]] |location = US |author = W. Martin James |title = Historical Dictionary of Angola |date = 2011 |edition=2nd |isbn=9780810871939 }}</ref>
** January: [[UNITA-R]] congress held in city.<ref name=europa2004 />
** January: [[UNITA-R]] congress held in city.<ref name=europa2004 />
* 2000 - Population: 2,591,000 (urban agglomeration).<ref name=unhabitat2010 />
* 2000 – Population: 2,591,000 (urban agglomeration).<ref name=unhabitat2010 />


==21st century==
==21st century==
[[File:IMG 3701.JPG|thumb|right|View of Luanda, 2007]]
[[File:IMG 3701.JPG|thumb|right|View of Luanda, 2007]]


* 2001 - Boa Vista shantytown residents evicted.<ref name=james2011 />
* 2001 – Boa Vista shantytown residents evicted.<ref name=james2011 />
* 2003 - [[Estádio Joaquim Dinis]] built.
* 2003 – [[Estádio Joaquim Dinis]] built.
* 2005 - Population: 3,533,000 (urban agglomeration).<ref name=unhabitat2010>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dI2gtuhNbV8C |title=The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets |year=2010 |publisher=[[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]] }}</ref>
* 2005 – Population: 3,533,000 (urban agglomeration).<ref name=unhabitat2010>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dI2gtuhNbV8C |title=The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets |year=2010 |publisher=[[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]] |isbn=9789211322910 }}</ref>
* 2006 - [[African Diamond Producers Association]] headquartered in city.<ref name=james2011 />
* 2006 – [[African Diamond Producers Association]] headquartered in city.<ref name=james2011 />
* 2007
* 2007
** Feira Internacional de Luanda (international fair) established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fil-angola.co.ao/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=54&lang=pt |title=Quem Somos |language=Portuguese |publisher=Feira Internacional de Luanda |accessdate=21 May 2013}}</ref>
** Feira Internacional de Luanda (international fair) established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fil-angola.co.ao/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=54&lang=pt |title=Quem Somos |language=pt |publisher=Feira Internacional de Luanda |access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>
** January: Flooding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6299845.stm |title=Dozens die in Angola flash floods |date=25 January 2007 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref>
** January: Flooding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6299845.stm |title=Dozens die in Angola flash floods |date=25 January 2007 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref>
** Edificio GES, Edificio Sonangol, and Torres Atlantico towers built.
** Edificio GES, Edificio Sonangol, and Torres Atlantico towers built.
* 2008 - Construction of [[Angola International Airport]] begins.
* 2008 – Construction of [[Angola International Airport]] begins.
* 2009
* 2009
** [[Estádio 11 de Novembro]] opens.
** [[Estádio 11 de Novembro]] opens.
** [[Luanda International Jazz Festival]] begins.
** [[Luanda International Jazz Festival]] begins.
** March: Catholic [[Pope Benedict XVI|pope]] visits city; stampede at [[Estádio dos Coqueiros]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7957510.stm |title=Deadly stampede at Pope speech |date=21 March 2009 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref name=bbc-timeline>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13037271 |title= Angola Profile: Timeline |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
** March: Catholic [[Pope Benedict XVI|pope]] visits city; stampede at [[Estádio dos Coqueiros]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7957510.stm |title=Deadly stampede at Pope speech |date=21 March 2009 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref name=bbc-timeline>{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13037271 |title= Angola Profile: Timeline |publisher=BBC News |access-date=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
** Francisca Espírito Santo becomes governor of [[Luanda Province]] (approximate date).{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
** Francisca Espírito Santo becomes governor of [[Luanda Province]] (approximate date).{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
* 2010
* 2010
Line 110: Line 117:
** Intercontinental Hotel built.
** Intercontinental Hotel built.
** Jose Maria dos Santos becomes governor of [[Luanda Province]] (approximate date).{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
** Jose Maria dos Santos becomes governor of [[Luanda Province]] (approximate date).{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
** Population: 5,068,000.<ref name=unhabitat2014>{{cite web |url= http://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |title= State of African Cities 2014 |isbn=978-92-1-132598-0 |publisher=[[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]] }}</ref>
** Population: 5,068,000.<ref name=unhabitat2014>{{cite book |url= http://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |title= State of African Cities 2014 |isbn= 978-92-1-132598-0 |publisher= [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195641/https://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |archive-date= 10 September 2014 |df= dmy-all |date= 10 September 2015 }}</ref>
* 2012
* 2012
** [[Angola Sovereign Wealth Fund]] headquartered in city.<ref name=mehler2012 />
** [[Angola Sovereign Wealth Fund]] headquartered in city.<ref name=mehler2012 />
** Political protest.<ref name=mehler2012>{{cite book|editor=Andreas Mehler|title=Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012 |year= 2013 |volume=9 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |isbn=978-90-04-25600-2 |chapter=Angola |pages= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Af9AAQAAQBAJ |page=444 |display-editors=etal}}</ref>
** Political protest.<ref name=mehler2012>{{cite book|editor=Andreas Mehler|title=Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012 |year= 2013 |volume=9 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |isbn=978-90-04-25600-2 |chapter=Angola |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Af9AAQAAQBAJ |page=444 |display-editors=etal}}</ref>
** [[Kilamba]] housing development built near city.<ref name=unhabitat2014 /><ref name=atlantic>{{cite web |url=http://www.citylab.com/search/?q=luanda |title=(Luanda) |work=City Lab |publisher=[[The Atlantic]] |location=US |accessdate=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
** [[Kilamba]] housing development built near city.<ref name=unhabitat2014 /><ref name=atlantic>{{cite web |url=http://www.citylab.com/search/?q=luanda |title=(Luanda) |work=City Lab |publisher=[[The Atlantic]] |location=US |access-date=30 September 2014 }}</ref>
* 2013 - 1 January: Stampede at [[Estádio da Cidadela]].
* 2013 – 1 January: Stampede at [[Estádio da Cidadela]].
* 2014 - Graciano Francisco Domingos becomes governor of [[Luanda Province]] (approximate date).{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
* 2014 – Graciano Francisco Domingos becomes governor of [[Luanda Province]] (approximate date).{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}
* 2018 – Population: 2,487,444 (estimate, urban agglomeration).<ref>{{citation |chapter=Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}</ref>
* 2021 - [[Lusophony Games]] to be held in Luanda.
* 2021 – [[Lusophony Games]] to be held in Luanda.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 123: Line 131:
* [[:pt:Luanda#Hist.C3.B3ria|History of Luanda]] (in Portuguese)
* [[:pt:Luanda#Hist.C3.B3ria|History of Luanda]] (in Portuguese)
* [[List of newspapers in Angola|List of newspapers in Luanda]]
* [[List of newspapers in Angola|List of newspapers in Luanda]]
* [[List of colonial governors of Angola]], headquartered in Luanda (until 1975)
* [[Timeline of Benguela]]


==References==
==References==
Line 130: Line 140:
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}

===Published in 19th century===
===Published in 19th century===
* {{Citation |publisher = F.C. and J. Rivington |publication-place = London |author = Richard Brookes |title = The General Gazetteer |publication-date = 1820 |edition=17th |chapter=Loanda |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/generalgazette1820broouoft#page/n421/mode/2up }}
* {{Citation |publisher=F.C. and J. Rivington |location=London |author=Richard Brookes |title=The General Gazetteer |date=1820 |edition=17th |chapter=Loanda |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/generalgazette1820broouoft#page/n421/mode/2up}}
* {{cite book |title=Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon |location=Leipzig |publisher=Brockhaus |year=1898 |edition=14th |language=German |chapter=Loanda |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=7KtPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA241 }}
* {{cite book |title=Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon |location=Leipzig |publisher=Brockhaus |year=1898 |edition=14th |language=de |chapter=Loanda |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KtPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA241}}


===Published in 20th century===
===Published in 20th century===
* {{cite book |editor1=Esteves Pereira |editor2=Guilherme Rodrigues |title=Portugal: Diccionario Historico.... |publisher=Joao Romano Torres |location=Lisbon |oclc=865826167 |language=pt |year=1909 |chapter=Loanda |volume=4 |hdl=2027/gri.ark:/13960/t1xd4tg47}}
* {{Citation
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Loanda |volume= 16 | pages = 834–835 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
| title = [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]
* {{Citation |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |location=Madison |title=Portuguese society in the tropics: the municipal councils of Goa, Macao, Bahia, and Luanda, 1510–1800 |author=C. R. Boxer |date=1965 |oclc=518169}}
| publication-place = New York
* {{cite book |author=Ilídio do Amaral |author-link=:pt:Ilídio do Amaral |title=Luanda: estudo de geografia urbana |location=Lisboa |language=pt |year=1968}}
| publication-date = 1910
* {{citation |author=Michael Hugo-Brunt |series=Exchange Bibliography |issn=0010-9959 |number=44 |publisher=Council of Planning Librarians |location=US |title=Portuguese Planning and Architecture on the Sea Route to the Orient |year=1968 |chapter=Angola |pages=536–589 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/portugueseplanni44hugo#page/53/mode/2up}} (Includes Luanda)
| edition=11th
* {{cite journal |title=The Archives of Luanda, Angola |author=Joseph C. Miller |journal=International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=7 |year=1974 |ref={{harvid|Miller|1974}}}}
| oclc = 14782424
* {{cite journal |title=Luanda e os seus 'muceques', problemas de Geografia usbuna |author=Ilídio do Amaral |language=pt |volume=18 |journal=[[:pt:Finisterra (revista)|lt=Finisterra |Finisterra (journal)]] |issn=0430-5027 |publisher=Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa |url=http://revistas.rcaap.pt/finisterra/issue/view/146 |year=1983}}
| via= [[Internet Archive]]
* {{cite journal |title=Carnival at Luanda |author=David Birmingham |journal=Journal of African History |volume=29 |year=1988}}
|chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri16chisrich#page/834/mode/1up |chapter = Loanda
* {{cite book |title=Slum and squatter settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: toward a planning strategy |editor=Robert A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga |publisher=Praeger |year=1988 |author=M.C. Mendes |chapter=Slum Housing in Luanda}}
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
* {{cite book |author=Christine Messiant |chapter=Luanda 1945–1961: colonises, societe coloniale et engagement nationaliste |editor=M. Cahen |title=Bourgs et Villes en Afrique Lusophone |year=1989 |language=fr |author-link=Christine Messiant}}
}}
* {{cite journal |author=L. Colaco |year=1992 |title=Luanda: Contexto Demografico e Desigualdades Espaciais |journal=Cadernos Populacao e Desenvolvimento |volume=1 |language=pt}}
* {{Citation |publisher = University of Wisconsin Press |publication-place = Madison |title = Portuguese society in the tropics: the municipal councils of Goa, Macao, Bahia, and Luanda, 1510-1800 |author = C. R. Boxer |publication-date = 1965 |oclc = 518169
* {{cite journal |title=A Quantitative Reassessment of the Legal Portuguese Slave Trade from Luanda, Angola, 1710–1830 |author=José C. Curto |journal=African Economic History |volume=20 |year=1992}}
}}
* {{cite book |author={{illm|Ilídio do Amaral|pt}} |title=Luanda: estudo de geografia urbana |location=Lisboa |year=1968 |language=Portuguese
* {{cite journal |author=P. Jenkins |title=City Profile: Luanda |journal=Cities |volume=19 |year=1992 |display-authors=etal |doi=10.1016/s0264-2751(02)00010-0}}
* {{cite journal |title=Anatomy of a Demographic Explosion: Luanda, 1844-1850 |author=José C. Curto |journal=International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=32 |issue=2/3 |pages=381–405 |year=1999 |jstor=220347 |ref={{harvid|Curto|1999}} |doi=10.2307/220347|pmid=21812156 }}
}}
* {{cite journal |title=The Archives of Luanda, Angola |author= Joseph C. Miller |journal= International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume= 7 |year=1974
|ref= {{harvid|Miller|1974}}
}}
* {{cite journal |title=Luanda e os seus "muceques", problemas de Geografia usbuna |author= Ilídio do Amaral |language=pt |volume=18 |journal={{illm|Finisterra (journal)|pt|Finisterra (revista)|lt=Finisterra }} |issn=0430-5027 |publisher=Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa |year= 1983
}} {{open access}}
* {{cite journal |title=Carnival at Luanda |author= David Birmingham |journal= Journal of African History |volume= 29 |year=1988
}}
* {{cite book |title=Slum and squatter settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: toward a planning strategy |editor=Robert A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga |publisher=Praeger |year= 1988 |author=M.C. Mendes |chapter=Slum Housing in Luanda
}}
* {{cite book |author=[[Christine Messiant]] |chapter=Luanda 1945-1961: colonises, societe coloniale et engagement nationaliste |editor =M. Cahen |title=Bourgs et Villes en Afrique Lusophone |year=1989 |language=French }}
* {{cite journal |author=L. Colaco |year=1992 |title=Luanda: Contexto Demografico e Desigualdades Espaciais |journal=Cadernos Populacao e Desenvolvimento |volume=1 |language=Portuguese }}
* {{cite journal |title = A Quantitative Reassessment of the Legal Portuguese Slave Trade from Luanda, Angola, 1710-1830 |author= José C. Curto |journal= African Economic History |volume= 20 |year=1992 }}
* {{cite journal |author=P. Jenkins|title=City Profile: Luanda |journal=Cities |volume=19 |year=1992 |display-authors=etal
}}
* {{cite journal |title=Anatomy of a Demographic Explosion: Luanda, 1844-1850 |author= José C. Curto |journal= International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume= 32 |year=1999 |jstor=220347
|ref= {{harvid|Curto|1999}}
}}


===Published in 21st century===
===Published in 21st century===
;2000s
'''2000s'''
* {{cite journal |title= Population History of Luanda during the Late Atlantic Slave Trade, 1781-1844 |author1=José C. Curto |author2= Raymond R. Gervais |journal=African Economic History |volume= 29 |year=2001 |jstor=3601706 |url=http://abolition.nypl.org/content/images/47f253d9855db/population_luanda.pdf |via=New York Public Library
* {{cite journal |title=Population History of Luanda during the Late Atlantic Slave Trade, 1781-1844 |author1=José C. Curto |author2=Raymond R. Gervais |journal=African Economic History |volume=29 |issue=29 |pages=1–59 |year=2001 |jstor=3601706 |url=http://abolition.nypl.org/content/images/47f253d9855db/population_luanda.pdf |via=New York Public Library |ref={{harvid|Curto|2001}}}}
* {{cite book |editor=Arne Tostensen |title=Associational Life in African Cities: Popular Responses to the Urban Crisis |year=2001 |publisher=[[Nordiska Afrikainstitutet]] |location=Sweden |isbn=978-91-7106-465-3 |chapter=Communities and Community Institutions in Luanda, Angola |author=Paul Robson |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-225 |page=250+ |display-editors=etal}}
|ref= {{harvid|Curto|2001}}
* {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1=[[Paul Tiyambe Zeleza]] |editor2=Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003 |chapter=Luanda, Angola}}
}} {{free access}}
* {{cite journal |title=Dueling Bands and Good Girls: Gender, Music, and Nation in Luanda's Musseques, 1961-1974 |author=Marissa J. Moorman |journal=International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=37 |year=2004}}
* {{cite book|editor=Arne Tostensen|title=Associational Life in African Cities: Popular Responses to the Urban Crisis |year=2001|publisher=[[Nordiska Afrikainstitutet]] |location=Sweden |isbn=978-91-7106-465-3 |chapter=Communities and Community Institutions in Luanda, Angola |author=Paul Robson |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=H7ZOn1GxtbgC |page=250+ |display-editors=etal
* {{cite book |author=Marissa Moorman |chapter=Putting on a Pano and Dancing Like Our Grandparents: Nation and Dress in Late Colonial Luanda |editor=Jean Allman |title=Fashioning Africa: Power and the Politics of Dress |location=Bloomington |year=2004 |isbn=9780253111043 |publisher=Indiana University Press}}
}}
* {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1= [[Paul Tiyambe Zeleza]] |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0415234794 |year=2003
* {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of African History |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-57958-245-6 |editor=[[Kevin Shillington]] |year=2005 |chapter=Luanda}}
* {{cite journal |title=From Family Solidarity to Social Classes: Urban Stratification in Angola (Luanda and Ondjiva) |author=Cristina Udelsmann Rodrigues |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=33 |year=2007}}
|chapter= Luanda, Angola
* {{cite book |author=Marissa J. Moorman |title=Intonations: A Social History of Music and Nation in Luanda, Angola, from 1945 to Recent Times |year=2008 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-4304-0}} ([http://networks.h-net.org/node/7926/reviews/8344/tomaz-moorman-intonations-social-history-music-and-nation-luanda-angola review] in ''H-Luso-Africa'')
}}
* {{cite book |title=Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World |editor=Liam Matthew Brockey |publisher=Ashgate |year=2008 |isbn=9780754663133 |author=Catarina Madeira Santos |chapter=Luanda |ref={{harvid|Santos|2008}}}}
* {{cite journal |title=Dueling Bands and Good Girls: Gender, Music, and Nation in Luanda's Musseques, 1961-1974 |author= Marissa J. Moorman |journal= International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume= 37 |year=2004
* {{cite web |date=9 November 2009 |title=Angola: The high cost of living in Luanda |url= |work=[[Global Voices Online|Global Voices]]}}
}}
* {{cite book |author=Marissa Moorman |chapter= Putting on a Pano and Dancing Like Our Grandparents: Nation and Dress in Late Colonial Luanda |editor= Jean Allman |title= Fashioning Africa: Power and the Politics of Dress |location=Bloomington |year= 2004 |isbn=9780253111043 |publisher= Indiana University Press
}}
* {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African History |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-57958-245-6 |editor= [[Kevin Shillington]] |year= 2005
|chapter= Luanda
}}
* {{cite journal |title=From Family Solidarity to Social Classes: Urban Stratification in Angola (Luanda and Ondjiva) |author= Cristina Udelsmann Rodrigues |journal= Journal of Southern African Studies |volume= 33 |year= 2007
}}
* {{cite book|author=Marissa J. Moorman|title=Intonations: A Social History of Music and Nation in Luanda, Angola, from 1945 to Recent Times |year= 2008|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-8214-4304-0
}} ([http://networks.h-net.org/node/7926/reviews/8344/tomaz-moorman-intonations-social-history-music-and-nation-luanda-angola review] in ''H-Luso-Africa'')
* {{cite book |title=Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World |editor=Liam Matthew Brockey |publisher=Ashgate |year= 2008 |isbn= 9780754663133 |author=Catarina Madeira Santos |chapter=Luanda
|ref= {{harvid|Santos|2008}}
}}
* {{cite web |date=9 November 2009 |title= Angola: The high cost of living in Luanda |work=[[Global Voices Online|Global Voices]]
}}


;2010s
'''2010s'''
* {{citation |author=P. Jenkins |year=2011 |title= Maputo and Luanda |editor= Simon Bekker and Goran Therborn |work=Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness |isbn=978-2- 8697-8495-6 |publisher=[[Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa]] |location=Dakar |url=http://www.codesria.org/spip.php?article1603
* {{citation |author=P. Jenkins |year=2011 |title=Maputo and Luanda |editor=Simon Bekker and Goran Therborn |work=Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness |isbn=978-2-8697-8495-6 |publisher=[[Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa]] |location=Dakar |url=http://www.codesria.org/spip.php?article1603}}
* {{citation |title=Urbanization in Luanda |author=Sílvia Leiria Viegas |via=International Planning History Society |year=2012 |url=http://www.fau.usp.br/15-iphs-conference-sao-paulo-2012/abstracts-and-papers.html}}
}} {{free access}}
* {{citation |author=Arlindo Manuel Caldeira |title=Luanda in the 17th Century: Diversity and Cultural Interaction in the Process of Forming an Afro-Atlantic City |journal=Nordic Journal of African Studies |volume=22 |year=2013 |url=http://www.njas.helsinki.fi}}
* {{citation |title=Urbanization in Luanda |author=Sílvia Leiria Viegas |via= International Planning History Society |year=2012 |url=http://www.fau.usp.br/15-iphs-conference-sao-paulo-2012/abstracts-and-papers.html
* {{cite book |editor=[[Jorge Canizares-Esguerra]] |display-editors=etal |title=Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vxx0F6zZUfwC |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-0813-9 |year=2013 |chapter=Slavery and the Social and Cultural Landscapes of Luanda |author=Roquinaldo Ferreira}}
}} {{free access}}
* {{cite book |editor=Carlos Nunes Silva |title=Urban Planning in Lusophone African Countries |publisher=Ashgate |location=UK |isbn=978-1472444882 |year=2015}} (Includes articles about Luanda)
* {{citation |author=Arlindo Manuel Caldeira |title=Luanda in the 17th Century: Diversity and Cultural Interaction in the Process of Forming an Afro-Atlantic City |journal=Nordic Journal of African Studies |volume=22 |year=2013 |url= http://www.njas.helsinki.fi
* {{cite journal |journal=[[Journal of Southern African Studies]] |volume=42 |number=4 |author=Sílvia Leiria Viegas |title=Urbanisation and Peri-Urbanisation in Luanda: A Geopolitical and Socio-Spatial Perspective from the Late Colonial Period to the Present |year=2016}}
}} {{free access}}
* {{cite journal |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=42 |number=4 |author=Vanessa de Pacheco Melo |title=Production of Urban Peripheries For and By Low-Income Populations at the Turn of the Millennium: Maputo, Luanda and Johannesburg |year=2016}}
* {{cite book |editor= [[Jorge Canizares-Esguerra]] et al. |title= Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Vxx0F6zZUfwC|publisher= University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-0813-9 |year= 2013
|chapter= Slavery and the Social and Cultural Landscapes of Luanda |author= Roquinaldo Ferreira
}}
* {{cite book|editor= Carlos Nunes Silva |title= Urban Planning in Lusophone African Countries |publisher=Ashgate |location=UK |isbn=1472444884 |year=2015
}} (Includes articles about Luanda)
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Luanda}}
{{Commons category|History of Luanda}}
* {{cite web |url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Luanda%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |title= (Luanda) |work=[[Directory of Open Access Journals]] |location=UK }} (Bibliography of [[open access]] {{open access}} articles)
* {{cite web |url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Luanda%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |title= (Luanda) |work=[[Directory of Open Access Journals]] |location=UK }} (Bibliography of [[open access]] articles)
* {{cite web |url= http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=Luanda&rows=96 |title= (Luanda) |via= [[Europeana]] }} (Images, etc.)
* {{cite web |url= https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=Luanda&rows=96 |title= (Luanda) |via= [[Europeana]] }} (Images, etc.)
* {{cite web |url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Luanda&utf8=✓ |title= (Luanda) |via= [[Digital Public Library of America]] }} (Images, etc.)
* {{cite web |url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Luanda&utf8=✓ |title= (Luanda) |via= [[Digital Public Library of America]] }} (Images, etc.)
* {{cite web |url= http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Luanda&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg |title=(Luanda) |publisher= [[Frankfurt University Library]] |work=[[Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa]] |location=Germany }} (Bibliography)
* {{cite web |url= http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Luanda&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg |title=(Luanda) |publisher= [[Frankfurt University Library]] |work=[[Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa]] |location=Germany }} (Bibliography)
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[[Category:History of Luanda| ]]
[[Category:History of Luanda| ]]
[[Category:Luanda Province]]
[[Category:Luanda Province]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Africa|Luanda]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Africa|Luanda]]
[[Category:Years in Angola]]
[[Category:Years in Angola]]
[[Category:Timelines of capitals|Luanda]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
[[Category:Angola history-related lists|Luanda]]

Latest revision as of 15:03, 12 August 2023

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Luanda, Angola.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

16th–18th centuries

[edit]
Part of a series on the
History of Angola
Precolonial history to 1575
Colonization 1575–1641
Dutch occupation 1641–1648
Colonial history 1648–1951
Portuguese province 1951–1961
War of Independence 1961–1974
Sovereign socialist state 1975–1992
Civil War 1975–2002
Post-war Angola’s
See also
Years in Angola

19th century

[edit]

20th century

[edit]
Portuguese coat of arms of the city of Luanda

21st century

[edit]
View of Luanda, 2007

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Toyin Falola and Amanda Warnock, ed. (2007). "Chronology". Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33480-1.
  2. ^ a b c Santos 2008.
  3. ^ a b c d Britannica 1910.
  4. ^ Roquinaldo Amaral Ferreira (2012), Cross-cultural exchange in the Atlantic world: Angola and Brazil during the era of the slave trade, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521863308
  5. ^ a b c W. Martin James (2011), "Chronology", Historical Dictionary of Angola (2nd ed.), US: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810871939
  6. ^ Miller 1974.
  7. ^ a b c Curto 2001.
  8. ^ a b c d Curto 1999.
  9. ^ a b "Historia" (in Portuguese). Banco Nacional de Angola. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  10. ^ a b World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
  11. ^ Russell G. Hamilton (1975). Voices from an Empire: A History of Afro-Portuguese Literature. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-5781-0.
  12. ^ "Palácio de Ferro". Heritage of Portuguese Influence. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  13. ^ a b c "Luanda (Luanda, Angola) Newspapers". WorldCat. US: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  14. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Angola". www.katolsk.no. Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  15. ^ a b Ilídio do Amaral [in Portuguese] (1978). "Contribuição para o conhecimento do fenómeno de urbanização em Angola". Finisterra (in Portuguese). 13 (25). Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa. ISSN 0430-5027.
  16. ^ C. Salvador; C. Rodrigues (2011), "Colonial Architecture in Angola", in Fassil Demissie (ed.), Colonial architecture and urbanism in Africa, UK: Ashgate, ISBN 9780754675129
  17. ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
  18. ^ Russel G. Hamilton (1986). "Class, Race, and Authorship in Angola". In Georg M. Gugelberger (ed.). Marxism and African literature. Africa World Press. ISBN 0865430314.
  19. ^ a b "Luanda". Heritage of Portuguese Influence. Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  20. ^ "O Museu: Historial". Museu Nacional de História Natural. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  21. ^ "Petroleum in Angola". Luanda: Sonangol. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  22. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ a b c d "Angola: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 62+. ISBN 1857431839.
  24. ^ David Birmingham (2002). "Angola". In Patrick Chabal (ed.). History of Postcolonial Lusophone Africa. Indiana University Press. p. 157+. ISBN 978-0-253-21565-9.
  25. ^ "Luanda, Angola". SIBMAS International Directory of Performing Arts Collections and Institutions. International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  26. ^ "A Cinemateca" (in Portuguese). Luanda: Cinemateca Nacional de Angola. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  27. ^ Jacqueline Audrey Kalley; et al., eds. (1999). Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-30247-3.
  28. ^ J. Girod, ed. (1994). L'énergie en Afrique: la situation énergétique de 34 pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne et du Nord (in French). Karthala. ISBN 2865375498.
  29. ^ Republica Popular de Angola: Centro Nacional de Documentação Histórica (PDF) (in Portuguese), Paris: Unesco, 1981
  30. ^ "Last Place of Cultural Dynamism in Luanda is No More". 14 April 2014 – via Global Voices. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  31. ^ Telse Diederichsen (1990). "Angola". In Institut für Afrika-Kunde; Rolf Hofmeier (eds.). Afrika Jahrbuch 1989: Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in Afrika südlich der Sahara (in German). Germany: Leske + Budrich. pp. 293–300. ISBN 978-3-322-92639-5. OCLC 19093344. (Includes chronology)
  32. ^ "LAC 20 Anos" (in Portuguese). Luanda Antena Comercial. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  33. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
  34. ^ a b c d W. Martin James (2011), Historical Dictionary of Angola (2nd ed.), US: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810871939
  35. ^ a b The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010. ISBN 9789211322910.
  36. ^ "Quem Somos" (in Portuguese). Feira Internacional de Luanda. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  37. ^ "Dozens die in Angola flash floods". BBC News. 25 January 2007.
  38. ^ "Deadly stampede at Pope speech". BBC News. 21 March 2009.
  39. ^ "Angola Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  40. ^ a b State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
  41. ^ a b Andreas Mehler; et al., eds. (2013). "Angola". Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012. Vol. 9. Koninklijke Brill. p. 444. ISBN 978-90-04-25600-2.
  42. ^ "(Luanda)". City Lab. US: The Atlantic. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  43. ^ "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
This article incorporates information from the Portuguese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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Published in 19th century

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  • Richard Brookes (1820), "Loanda", The General Gazetteer (17th ed.), London: F.C. and J. Rivington
  • "Loanda". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1898.

Published in 20th century

[edit]
  • Esteves Pereira; Guilherme Rodrigues, eds. (1909). "Loanda". Portugal: Diccionario Historico... (in Portuguese). Vol. 4. Lisbon: Joao Romano Torres. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t1xd4tg47. OCLC 865826167.
  • "Loanda" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 834–835.
  • C. R. Boxer (1965), Portuguese society in the tropics: the municipal councils of Goa, Macao, Bahia, and Luanda, 1510–1800, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, OCLC 518169
  • Ilídio do Amaral [in Portuguese] (1968). Luanda: estudo de geografia urbana (in Portuguese). Lisboa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Michael Hugo-Brunt (1968), "Angola", Portuguese Planning and Architecture on the Sea Route to the Orient, Exchange Bibliography, US: Council of Planning Librarians, pp. 536–589, ISSN 0010-9959 (Includes Luanda)
  • Joseph C. Miller (1974). "The Archives of Luanda, Angola". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 7.
  • Ilídio do Amaral (1983). "Luanda e os seus 'muceques', problemas de Geografia usbuna". lt=Finisterra |Finisterra (journal) (in Portuguese). 18. Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa. ISSN 0430-5027.
  • David Birmingham (1988). "Carnival at Luanda". Journal of African History. 29.
  • M.C. Mendes (1988). "Slum Housing in Luanda". In Robert A. Obudho and Constance C. Mhlanga (ed.). Slum and squatter settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa: toward a planning strategy. Praeger.
  • Christine Messiant (1989). "Luanda 1945–1961: colonises, societe coloniale et engagement nationaliste". In M. Cahen (ed.). Bourgs et Villes en Afrique Lusophone (in French).
  • L. Colaco (1992). "Luanda: Contexto Demografico e Desigualdades Espaciais". Cadernos Populacao e Desenvolvimento (in Portuguese). 1.
  • José C. Curto (1992). "A Quantitative Reassessment of the Legal Portuguese Slave Trade from Luanda, Angola, 1710–1830". African Economic History. 20.
  • P. Jenkins; et al. (1992). "City Profile: Luanda". Cities. 19. doi:10.1016/s0264-2751(02)00010-0.
  • José C. Curto (1999). "Anatomy of a Demographic Explosion: Luanda, 1844-1850". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 32 (2/3): 381–405. doi:10.2307/220347. JSTOR 220347. PMID 21812156.

Published in 21st century

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2000s

2010s

[edit]
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