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'''LetterOne Holdings S.A.''' ('''LetterOne''') is an international investment business based in Luxembourg.<ref name="Reference the Fifth;2022;bnnbloomberg.ca">"LetterOne Adds Franz Humer to Board After Billionaires Resign" ([https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/letterone-adds-franz-humer-to-board-after-billionaires-resign-1.1735798]); BNN Bloomberg (bnnbloomberg.ca); 10-03-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref> With long-term investments in the [[Telecommunication|telecoms]], [[technology]], [[healthcare]], and [[Energy industry|energy sectors]], the firm has four main units: L1 Health, L1 Technology, L1 Retail, and [[L1 Energy]], all of which are supported by L1 Treasury Services, which manages the group's liquidity.<ref name="Reference the Second;2023;letterone.com"/> LetterOne was set up LetterOne in 2013 as part of a broader new investment vehicle using the proceeds from the sale of [[TNK-BP]].<ref name="Reference the Sixth;2015;thetimes.co.uk">{{cite news|title=Fridman may sell North Sea assets|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/naturalresources/article4384991.ece|website=The Times|last1=Leroux|first1=Marcus}}</ref> Co-founders [[Mikhail Fridman]] and [[Petr Aven]] stepped down from the company in early March 2022, after the EU imposed sanctions on them in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref name="Reference the Second;2022;ft.com">{{cite news|title=Mikhail Fridman loses control of LetterOne after sanctions |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c1837a20-6147-45c5-876c-add96ee8432c |last1=Thomas |first1=Daniel |last2=Seddon |first2=Max |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> The board now includes [[Mervyn Davies, Baron Davies of Abersoch|Mervyn Davies]], Jonathan Muir, [[Franz Humer]], [[Richard R. Burt]], and [[Wulf von Schimmelmann]], with Davies serving as chairman and Muir as CEO.<ref name="Reference the First;2023;letterone.com"/>
'''LetterOne Holdings S.A.''' ('''LetterOne''') is an international investment business based in Luxembourg.<ref name="Reference the Fifth;2022;bnnbloomberg.ca">"LetterOne Adds Franz Humer to Board After Billionaires Resign" ([https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/letterone-adds-franz-humer-to-board-after-billionaires-resign-1.1735798]); BNN Bloomberg (bnnbloomberg.ca); 10-03-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref> With long-term investments in the [[Telecommunication|telecoms]], [[technology]], [[healthcare]], and [[Energy industry|energy sectors]], the firm has four main units: L1 Health, L1 Technology, L1 Retail, and [[L1 Energy]], all of which are supported by L1 Treasury Services, which manages the group's liquidity.<ref name="Reference the Second;2023;letterone.com"/> LetterOne was set up LetterOne in 2013 as part of a broader new investment vehicle using the proceeds from the sale of [[TNK-BP]].<ref name="Reference the Sixth;2015;thetimes.co.uk">{{cite news|title=Fridman may sell North Sea assets|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/naturalresources/article4384991.ece|website=The Times|last1=Leroux|first1=Marcus}}</ref> LetterOne had $26.8 billion in equity at the end of 2021.<ref name="Reference the Tenth;2022;sp.com">"Ineos Olefins and Polymers joins Nextloopp Project to produce food-grade recycled PP" ([https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/petrochemicals/011122-ineos-olefins-and-polymers-joins-nextloopp-project-to-produce-food-grade-recycled-pp]); ''S&P Global'' (spglobal.com); 11-01-2022; retrieved on 21 January 2023</ref> Co-founders [[Mikhail Fridman]] and [[Petr Aven]] stepped down from the company in early March 2022, after the EU imposed sanctions on them in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref name="Reference the Second;2022;ft.com">{{cite news|title=Mikhail Fridman loses control of LetterOne after sanctions |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c1837a20-6147-45c5-876c-add96ee8432c |last1=Thomas |first1=Daniel |last2=Seddon |first2=Max |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> The board now includes [[Mervyn Davies, Baron Davies of Abersoch|Mervyn Davies]], Jonathan Muir, [[Franz Humer]], [[Richard R. Burt]], and [[Wulf von Schimmelmann]], with Davies serving as chairman and Muir as CEO.<ref name="Reference the First;2023;letterone.com"/> Among major investments in 2023 were [[Turkcell]], [[Finland–Italy_relations#Trade|Qvantel]], [[VEON]], [[Wintershall Dea]], [[DIA_(supermarket_chain)|DIA]] and [[Holland & Barrett]].


==History and major assets==
==History and major assets==
LetterOne was set up LetterOne in 2013 as part of a broader new investment vehicle using the proceeds from the sale of [[TNK-BP]].<ref name="Reference the Sixth;2015;thetimes.co.uk"/> As of 31 December 2014 assets managed by LetterOne amounted to approximately $25 billion. The sources of these assets were funds from the sale of TNK-BP, but also from assets invested in prior to the L1 Group's formation. These include [[VimpelCom]], [[Turkcell]] and private equity investments. By the start of 2014, LetterOne had announced plans to invest in global oil, gas, telecoms and technology sectors.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fridman's Alfa Group sets up energy fund, to invest $20 bln|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/alfa-energy-idUSL5N0ET16Y20130617|website=Reuters|date=17 June 2013}}</ref>
LetterOne was set up LetterOne in 2013 as part of a broader new investment vehicle using the proceeds from the sale of [[TNK-BP]].<ref name="Reference the Sixth;2015;thetimes.co.uk"/> As of 31 December 2014 assets managed by LetterOne amounted to approximately $25 billion. The sources of these assets were funds from the sale of TNK-BP, but also from assets invested in prior to the L1 Group's formation. These include [[VimpelCom]], [[Turkcell]] and private equity investments. By the start of 2014, LetterOne had announced plans to invest in global oil, gas, telecoms and technology sectors.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fridman's Alfa Group sets up energy fund, to invest $20 bln|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/alfa-energy-idUSL5N0ET16Y20130617|website=Reuters|date=17 June 2013}}</ref>


On 2 March 2015, [[John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley|Lord Browne]] was named executive chairman of [[L1 Energy]], renouncing his other roles to focus on the newly formed oil and gas company.<ref name="Reference the Fourth;2015;theguardian.com">{{cite news|title=Ex-BP boss aims to build major energy industry player from scratch|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/08/ex-bp-boss-aims-to-build-major-energy-industry-player-from-scratch|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> On 4 March 2015, the [[Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change]], [[Ed Davey]], gave company co-founder [[Mikhail Fridman]] a one-week deadline to convince the UK government not to force him to sell the newly acquired North Sea oil and gas assets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russian oligarch Mikhail Fridman given North Sea deadline|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-31739727|publisher=BBC}}</ref> A senior western oil executive said the UK was entering "uncharted territory" by intervening publicly in a corporate transaction over fears of the effect of future sanctions against Russia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Downing Street behind challenge to Mikhail Fridman's North Sea deal|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/656d7e24-c1c4-11e4-abb3-00144feab7de.html#axzz3fCzpcgSv|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> In October 2015 LetterOne sold its North Sea Oil fields to Ineos, the chemical company, for an undisclosed sum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/11925169/Billionaire-Jim-Ratcliffe-snaps-up-North-Sea-oil-fields.html|title=Billionaire Jim Ratcliffe snaps up North Sea oil fields|first=Mehreen|last=Khan|date=11 October 2015|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> The ''Financial Times'' has since reported that LetterOne has been told in a letter from a senior government official that the previous Energy Secretary's decision to require the sale of the North Sea fields "is not a judgement on the suitability of LetterOne’s owners to control these or any other assets in the UK".<ref>{{cite web|title=Ineos targets further North Sea assets in wake of $750m deal|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2d178112-7008-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F2d178112-7008-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044.html&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app#axzz3uxC5UJg2|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> On 14 October 2015 LetterOne Group announced that it had agreed a deal to acquire German utility Eon’s interests in three producing Norwegian fields, located in the [[North Sea]]. Norway’s oil minister said that approval would be handled ‘in the usual way’.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russia's Fridman spends $1.6bn on Norwegian oil and gas fields|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/28f32d9a-7254-11e5-bdb1-e6e4767162cc,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F28f32d9a-7254-11e5-bdb1-e6e4767162cc.html&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app#axzz3uxC5UJg2|publisher=FTinancial Times}}</ref>
On 2 March 2015, [[John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley|Lord Browne]] was named executive chairman of [[L1 Energy]], renouncing his other roles to focus on the newly formed oil and gas company.<ref name="Reference the Fourth;2015;theguardian.com">{{cite news|title=Ex-BP boss aims to build major energy industry player from scratch|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/08/ex-bp-boss-aims-to-build-major-energy-industry-player-from-scratch|work=The Guardian}}</ref> On 4 March 2015, the [[Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change]], [[Ed Davey]], gave company co-founder [[Mikhail Fridman]] a one-week deadline to convince the UK government not to force him to sell the newly acquired [[North Sea oil]] and gas assets.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russian oligarch Mikhail Fridman given North Sea deadline|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-31739727|publisher=BBC}}</ref> A senior western oil executive said the UK was entering "uncharted territory" by intervening publicly in a corporate transaction over fears of the effect of future sanctions against Russia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Downing Street behind challenge to Mikhail Fridman's North Sea deal|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/656d7e24-c1c4-11e4-abb3-00144feab7de.html#axzz3fCzpcgSv|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> In October 2015 LetterOne sold its North Sea oil fields to Ineos, the chemical company, for an undisclosed sum.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/11925169/Billionaire-Jim-Ratcliffe-snaps-up-North-Sea-oil-fields.html|title=Billionaire Jim Ratcliffe snaps up North Sea oil fields|first=Mehreen|last=Khan|date=11 October 2015|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> The ''Financial Times'' has since reported that LetterOne has been told in a letter from a senior government official that the previous Energy Secretary's decision to require the sale of the North Sea fields "is not a judgement on the suitability of LetterOne’s owners to control these or any other assets in the UK".<ref>{{cite news|title=Ineos targets further North Sea assets in wake of $750m deal|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2d178112-7008-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F2d178112-7008-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044.html&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app#axzz3uxC5UJg2|newspaper=Financial Times| date=11 October 2015 | last1=Adams | first1=Christopher }}</ref> On 14 October 2015 LetterOne Group announced that it had agreed a deal to acquire German utility Eon’s interests in three producing Norwegian fields, located in the [[North Sea]]. Norway’s oil minister said that approval would be handled ‘in the usual way’.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russia's Fridman spends $1.6bn on Norwegian oil and gas fields|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/28f32d9a-7254-11e5-bdb1-e6e4767162cc,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F28f32d9a-7254-11e5-bdb1-e6e4767162cc.html&_i_referer=&classification=conditional_standard&iab=barrier-app#axzz3uxC5UJg2|publisher=FTinancial Times}}</ref> LetterOne's first annual LetterOne Rising Stars Jazz Award was awarded in 2017.<ref>"Immanuel Wilkins and Itamar Borochov Have Won the LetterOne Rising Stars Jazz Award" ([https://www.wbgo.org/music/2021-02-06/immanuel-wilkins-and-itamar-borochov-have-won-the-letterone-rising-stars-jazz-award]); [[WBGO]] (88.3 FM) (wbgo.org); 06-02-2021; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref>


The firm's investment unit L1 Retail launched in December 2016.  Working with a $3 billion fund focused on Europe sans Russia, the unit initially acquired [[Holland & Barrett]], a healthcare retailer in the United Kingdom, in 2017 for £1.77 billion.<ref>"Russian billionaire's L1 Retail to acquire Holland & Barrett for £1.8B" ([https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/trending/j9xivkve1wtgi1e0xgun5w2]); ''S&P Global'' (spglobal.com); 26-06-2017; retrieved on 21 January 2023</ref> LetterOne gained total control of Spanish retailer [[DIA_(supermarket_chain)|DIA]] in May 2019<ref>"Spanish supermarket chain Dia appoints new Brazil CEO to lead restructuring" ([https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-dia-ceo-idINKBN20B22B]); [[Reuters]] (reuters.com); 17-02-2020; retrieved on 21 January 2023</ref> when it acquired 70% of its shares, after having first bought 29% in 2017.<ref>"LetterOne and Santander reach agreement over Dia debt" ([https://www.ft.com/content/1c52f4c8-7b1d-11e9-81d2-f785092ab560]); ''Financial Times'' (ft.com); 20-05-2019; retrieved on 21 January 2023</ref> Also in 2019, the firm's unit L1 Health acquired the pet heath platform Destination Pet and was a founding investor in K2 HealthVentures.<ref name="Reference the Eleventh;2023;letterone.com">"L1Health" ([https://www.letterone.com/our-businesses/l1-health/]); LetterOne (letterone.com); 2023; retrieved on 21 January 2023</ref> After receiving regulatory approval in nine countries, LetterOne merged its oil and gas businesses into [[Wintershall Dea]], a new European exploration and production company, in May 2019. LetterOne held 33% of the shares, with the rest owned by [[BASF]].<ref>"LetterOne and BASF merge oil and gas units to create Wintershall Dea" ([https://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/news/letterone-and-basf-merge-oil-and-gas-units-to-create-wintershall-dea/]); Hydrocarbons Technology (hydrocarbons-technology.com); 02-05-2019; retrieved on 21 January 2023</ref> LetterOne invested £1 billion in the infrastructure company Upp in 2021,<ref>"LetterOne backs £1bn UK broadband plan to compete with BT" ([https://www.ft.com/content/da12f0f4-0b5f-4b20-b51e-a92c87f7c62c]); ''[[Financial Times]]'' (ft.com); 01-06-2021; retrieved on 21 January 2023</ref> and also in 2021, L1 Health acquired Remedica, a pharmaceutical company in Cyprus.<ref name="Reference the Eleventh;2023;letterone.com"/> In October 2021, Browne left LetterOne as well as his chairmanship of Wintershell Dea.<ref name="Reference the Sixth;2021;ft.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/da12f0f4-0b5f-4b20-b51e-a92c87f7c62c?list=intlhomepage|title=Russian tycoon warns rapid switch from gas is irresponsible|date=2021-11-06|publisher=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> LetterOne had $26.8 billion in equity at the end of 2021, up from $22.3 billion the year prior.<ref name="Reference the Tenth;2022;sp.com"/> Among LetterOne's active investments in 2023 were the telecommunications companies [[Finland–Italy_relations#Trade|Qvantel]], Upp, and Turkcell, the energy company Wintershall Dea, the retail chains DIA and Holland & Barrett, the health companies DestinationPet and K2 HealthVentures,<ref name="Reference the Second;2023;letterone.com"/> and the recycling company Plastic Energy.<ref name="Reference the Tenth;2022;sp.com"/> Also the largest shareholder in the telecommunications company [[VEON]],<ref>"Veon exits Western Europe with debt-reducing Wind Tre sale" ([https://www.reuters.com/article/us-veon-hutchinson-idUSKBN1JT0E5]); ''[[Reuters]]'' (reuters.com); 02-07-2018; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref> in February 2022, LetterOne invested in H2scan Corporation, a California-based company that builds gas monitoring systems.<ref>"Big Cash Infusion for Valencia Company" ([https://www.sfvbj.com/news/weekly-news/big-cash-infusion-valencia-company/]); ''[[San Fernando Valley Business Journal]]'' (sfvbj.com); 23-02-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref>
In October 2021, Browne left LetterOne as well as his chairmanship of Wintershell Dea, where LetterOne's share was equal to 33%.<ref name="Reference the Sixth;2021;ft.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/da12f0f4-0b5f-4b20-b51e-a92c87f7c62c?list=intlhomepage|title=Russian tycoon warns rapid switch from gas is irresponsible|date=2021-11-06|publisher=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>


==Units and investment areas==
==Units and investment areas==


As of 2023, the firm had four main business units: L1 Health, L1 Technology, L1 Retail, and [[L1 Energy]],<ref name="Reference the Second;2023;letterone.com">"Our Businesses" ([https://www.letterone.com/our-businesses/]); LetterOne (letterone.com); retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref> the latter of which is an oil and gas investment company<ref>{{cite news|title=Browne makes dealmaking comeback|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/96c9143e-be94-11e4-8036-00144feab7de.html#axzz3xhOg0XGJ|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> formed by LetterOne in 2015.<ref name="Reference the Fourth;2015;theguardian.com"/> All four units are supported by L1 Treasury Services, which manages the group's liquidity and financial investments, including private equity holdings.<ref name="Reference the Third;202?;ft.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/fastft|title=fastFT &#124; Financial Times|website=www.ft.com}}</ref> All units are long-term investors taking either minority holdings or full ownership of portfolio companies.<ref name="Reference the Second;2023;letterone.com"/> Apart from particular sectors, LetterOne participates in [[private equity]] funds<ref name="Reference the Third;202?;ft.com"/> such as those operated by Pamplona Capital Management,<ref>{{cite web|title=A Russian American invests in Europe|url=http://rbth.co.uk/business/2013/07/12/a_russian_american_invests_in_europe_27997.html}}</ref> a specialist investment manager that provides an alternative investment platform across private equity, fund of hedge funds and single manager hedge fund investments. They manage assets for a variety of clients including public pension funds, international wealth managers, multinational corporations, family offices and funds of hedge funds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Company Overview of Pamplona Capital Management LLP|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=25220022}}</ref>
As of 2023, the firm had four main business units: L1 Health, L1 Technology, L1 Retail, and [[L1 Energy]],<ref name="Reference the Second;2023;letterone.com">"Our Businesses" ([https://www.letterone.com/our-businesses/]); LetterOne (letterone.com); retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref> the latter of which is an oil and gas investment company<ref>{{cite news|title=Browne makes dealmaking comeback|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/96c9143e-be94-11e4-8036-00144feab7de.html#axzz3xhOg0XGJ|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> formed by LetterOne in 2015.<ref name="Reference the Fourth;2015;theguardian.com"/> All four units are supported by L1 Treasury Services, which manages the group's liquidity and financial investments, including private equity holdings.<ref name="Reference the Third;202?;ft.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/fastft|title=fastFT &#124; Financial Times|website=www.ft.com}}</ref> All units are long-term investors taking either minority holdings or full ownership of portfolio companies.<ref name="Reference the Second;2023;letterone.com"/> Apart from particular sectors, LetterOne participates in [[private equity]] funds<ref name="Reference the Third;202?;ft.com"/> such as those operated by Pamplona Capital Management,<ref>{{cite web|title=A Russian American invests in Europe|date=12 July 2013 |url=http://rbth.co.uk/business/2013/07/12/a_russian_american_invests_in_europe_27997.html}}</ref> a specialist investment manager that provides an alternative investment platform across private equity, fund of hedge funds and single manager hedge fund investments. They manage assets for a variety of clients including public pension funds, international wealth managers, multinational corporations, family offices and funds of hedge funds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Company Overview of Pamplona Capital Management LLP| website=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=14 August 2023 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=25220022}}</ref>


==Key people==
==Key people==
Jonathan Muir serves as LetterOne's chief executive officer (CEO), while Vitalij Farafonov serves as chief operating officer (COO).<ref name="Reference the First;2023;letterone.com"/>
Jonathan Muir serves as LetterOne's chief executive officer (CEO), while Vitalij Farafonov serves as chief operating officer (COO).<ref name="Reference the First;2023;letterone.com"/>

Fridman and co-founder [[Petr Aven]] stepped down from the company in early March 2022, after the EU imposed sanctions on them in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref name="Reference the Second;2022;ft.com"/> [[Franz Humer]] was appointed to the board as a replacement in 2022.<ref name="Reference the Fifth;2022;bnnbloomberg.ca"/>


===Board of directors===
===Board of directors===
The LetterOne board changed significantly in early 2022 after the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine,<ref name="Reference the Second;2022;ft.com"/> with all co-founders leaving the company in March.<ref name="Reference the Eighth;2022;theguardian.com">"Three more Russian billionaires resign from LetterOne board" ([https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/mar/07/three-more-russian-billionaires-resign-from-letterone-board]); ''[[The Guardian]]'' (theguardian.com); 07-03-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref><ref name="Reference the Seventh;2022;ft.com">"Mikhail Fridman loses control of LetterOne after sanction" ([https://www.ft.com/content/c1837a20-6147-45c5-876c-add96ee8432c]); ''Financial Times'' (ft.com); 02-03-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref> Early that month, LetterOne froze the shareholdings of two EU sanctioned directors and co-founders, [[Mikhail Fridman]] and [[Petr Aven]], and removed them from its board, leaving chairman Mervyn Davies in control of the firm.<ref name="Reference the Seventh;2022;ft.com"/> Despite "repeated calls" from various figures in British politics for Davies to step down in light of the sanctioned directors, Davies stayed with the firm and denounced the Russian invasion, stating he and the new board were "determined to ensure that the 120,000 jobs throughout the UK, US and Europe [funded by LetterOne were] protected." With Davies also making a point to the press of the sanctioned co-founders' "love and passion for" Ukraine and their Ukrainian heritage, the LetterOne board stated it would donate US$150 million to Ukrainian relief efforts. Although LetterOne itself was not sanctioned, [[Andrei Kosogov]], [[Alexei Kuzmichev]] and [[German Khan]] all stepped down as directors later that month.<ref name="Reference the Eighth;2022;theguardian.com"/> [[Franz Humer]] was appointed to the board as a replacement in 2022.<ref name="Reference the Fifth;2022;bnnbloomberg.ca"/>

The board of directors of the L1 Group is the company's highest decision making body and is responsible for setting the investment strategy and making investment decisions. In 2023, the five-member board of directors included:<ref name="Reference the First;2023;letterone.com">"Our Board" ([https://www.letterone.com/about-us/our-board/]); LetterOne (letterone.com); 2023; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref>
The board of directors of the L1 Group is the company's highest decision making body and is responsible for setting the investment strategy and making investment decisions. In 2023, the five-member board of directors included:<ref name="Reference the First;2023;letterone.com">"Our Board" ([https://www.letterone.com/about-us/our-board/]); LetterOne (letterone.com); 2023; retrieved on 20 January 2023</ref>


Latest revision as of 13:19, 14 August 2023

Letterone Holdings S.A.
Company typePrivate
IndustryInvestment management
Founded2013; 11 years ago (2013)
FounderMikhail Fridman
HeadquartersLuxembourg[1]
Number of locations
Worldwide
Key people
Jonathan Muir (CEO)[2]
Vitalij Farafonov (COO)
Mervyn Davies (chairman)
ProductsAsset management
Websitewww.letterone.com

LetterOne Holdings S.A. (LetterOne) is an international investment business based in Luxembourg.[1] With long-term investments in the telecoms, technology, healthcare, and energy sectors, the firm has four main units: L1 Health, L1 Technology, L1 Retail, and L1 Energy, all of which are supported by L1 Treasury Services, which manages the group's liquidity.[3] LetterOne was set up LetterOne in 2013 as part of a broader new investment vehicle using the proceeds from the sale of TNK-BP.[4] LetterOne had $26.8 billion in equity at the end of 2021.[5] Co-founders Mikhail Fridman and Petr Aven stepped down from the company in early March 2022, after the EU imposed sanctions on them in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[6] The board now includes Mervyn Davies, Jonathan Muir, Franz Humer, Richard R. Burt, and Wulf von Schimmelmann, with Davies serving as chairman and Muir as CEO.[7] Among major investments in 2023 were Turkcell, Qvantel, VEON, Wintershall Dea, DIA and Holland & Barrett.

History and major assets

[edit]

LetterOne was set up LetterOne in 2013 as part of a broader new investment vehicle using the proceeds from the sale of TNK-BP.[4] As of 31 December 2014 assets managed by LetterOne amounted to approximately $25 billion. The sources of these assets were funds from the sale of TNK-BP, but also from assets invested in prior to the L1 Group's formation. These include VimpelCom, Turkcell and private equity investments. By the start of 2014, LetterOne had announced plans to invest in global oil, gas, telecoms and technology sectors.[8]

On 2 March 2015, Lord Browne was named executive chairman of L1 Energy, renouncing his other roles to focus on the newly formed oil and gas company.[9] On 4 March 2015, the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Ed Davey, gave company co-founder Mikhail Fridman a one-week deadline to convince the UK government not to force him to sell the newly acquired North Sea oil and gas assets.[10] A senior western oil executive said the UK was entering "uncharted territory" by intervening publicly in a corporate transaction over fears of the effect of future sanctions against Russia.[11] In October 2015 LetterOne sold its North Sea oil fields to Ineos, the chemical company, for an undisclosed sum.[12] The Financial Times has since reported that LetterOne has been told in a letter from a senior government official that the previous Energy Secretary's decision to require the sale of the North Sea fields "is not a judgement on the suitability of LetterOne’s owners to control these or any other assets in the UK".[13] On 14 October 2015 LetterOne Group announced that it had agreed a deal to acquire German utility Eon’s interests in three producing Norwegian fields, located in the North Sea. Norway’s oil minister said that approval would be handled ‘in the usual way’.[14] LetterOne's first annual LetterOne Rising Stars Jazz Award was awarded in 2017.[15]

The firm's investment unit L1 Retail launched in December 2016.  Working with a $3 billion fund focused on Europe sans Russia, the unit initially acquired Holland & Barrett, a healthcare retailer in the United Kingdom, in 2017 for £1.77 billion.[16] LetterOne gained total control of Spanish retailer DIA in May 2019[17] when it acquired 70% of its shares, after having first bought 29% in 2017.[18] Also in 2019, the firm's unit L1 Health acquired the pet heath platform Destination Pet and was a founding investor in K2 HealthVentures.[19] After receiving regulatory approval in nine countries, LetterOne merged its oil and gas businesses into Wintershall Dea, a new European exploration and production company, in May 2019. LetterOne held 33% of the shares, with the rest owned by BASF.[20] LetterOne invested £1 billion in the infrastructure company Upp in 2021,[21] and also in 2021, L1 Health acquired Remedica, a pharmaceutical company in Cyprus.[19] In October 2021, Browne left LetterOne as well as his chairmanship of Wintershell Dea.[22] LetterOne had $26.8 billion in equity at the end of 2021, up from $22.3 billion the year prior.[5] Among LetterOne's active investments in 2023 were the telecommunications companies Qvantel, Upp, and Turkcell, the energy company Wintershall Dea, the retail chains DIA and Holland & Barrett, the health companies DestinationPet and K2 HealthVentures,[3] and the recycling company Plastic Energy.[5] Also the largest shareholder in the telecommunications company VEON,[23] in February 2022, LetterOne invested in H2scan Corporation, a California-based company that builds gas monitoring systems.[24]

Units and investment areas

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As of 2023, the firm had four main business units: L1 Health, L1 Technology, L1 Retail, and L1 Energy,[3] the latter of which is an oil and gas investment company[25] formed by LetterOne in 2015.[9] All four units are supported by L1 Treasury Services, which manages the group's liquidity and financial investments, including private equity holdings.[26] All units are long-term investors taking either minority holdings or full ownership of portfolio companies.[3] Apart from particular sectors, LetterOne participates in private equity funds[26] such as those operated by Pamplona Capital Management,[27] a specialist investment manager that provides an alternative investment platform across private equity, fund of hedge funds and single manager hedge fund investments. They manage assets for a variety of clients including public pension funds, international wealth managers, multinational corporations, family offices and funds of hedge funds.[28]

Key people

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Jonathan Muir serves as LetterOne's chief executive officer (CEO), while Vitalij Farafonov serves as chief operating officer (COO).[7]

Board of directors

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The LetterOne board changed significantly in early 2022 after the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[6] with all co-founders leaving the company in March.[29][30] Early that month, LetterOne froze the shareholdings of two EU sanctioned directors and co-founders, Mikhail Fridman and Petr Aven, and removed them from its board, leaving chairman Mervyn Davies in control of the firm.[30] Despite "repeated calls" from various figures in British politics for Davies to step down in light of the sanctioned directors, Davies stayed with the firm and denounced the Russian invasion, stating he and the new board were "determined to ensure that the 120,000 jobs throughout the UK, US and Europe [funded by LetterOne were] protected." With Davies also making a point to the press of the sanctioned co-founders' "love and passion for" Ukraine and their Ukrainian heritage, the LetterOne board stated it would donate US$150 million to Ukrainian relief efforts. Although LetterOne itself was not sanctioned, Andrei Kosogov, Alexei Kuzmichev and German Khan all stepped down as directors later that month.[29] Franz Humer was appointed to the board as a replacement in 2022.[1]

The board of directors of the L1 Group is the company's highest decision making body and is responsible for setting the investment strategy and making investment decisions. In 2023, the five-member board of directors included:[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "LetterOne Adds Franz Humer to Board After Billionaires Resign" ([1]); BNN Bloomberg (bnnbloomberg.ca); 10-03-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023
  2. ^ a b "Our people". LetterOne. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d "Our Businesses" ([2]); LetterOne (letterone.com); retrieved on 20 January 2023
  4. ^ a b Leroux, Marcus. "Fridman may sell North Sea assets". The Times.
  5. ^ a b c "Ineos Olefins and Polymers joins Nextloopp Project to produce food-grade recycled PP" ([3]); S&P Global (spglobal.com); 11-01-2022; retrieved on 21 January 2023
  6. ^ a b Thomas, Daniel; Seddon, Max (2 March 2022). "Mikhail Fridman loses control of LetterOne after sanctions". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h "Our Board" ([4]); LetterOne (letterone.com); 2023; retrieved on 20 January 2023
  8. ^ "Fridman's Alfa Group sets up energy fund, to invest $20 bln". Reuters. 17 June 2013.
  9. ^ a b "Ex-BP boss aims to build major energy industry player from scratch". The Guardian.
  10. ^ "Russian oligarch Mikhail Fridman given North Sea deadline". BBC.
  11. ^ "Downing Street behind challenge to Mikhail Fridman's North Sea deal". Financial Times.
  12. ^ Khan, Mehreen (11 October 2015). "Billionaire Jim Ratcliffe snaps up North Sea oil fields" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  13. ^ Adams, Christopher (11 October 2015). "Ineos targets further North Sea assets in wake of $750m deal". Financial Times.
  14. ^ "Russia's Fridman spends $1.6bn on Norwegian oil and gas fields". FTinancial Times.
  15. ^ "Immanuel Wilkins and Itamar Borochov Have Won the LetterOne Rising Stars Jazz Award" ([5]); WBGO (88.3 FM) (wbgo.org); 06-02-2021; retrieved on 20 January 2023
  16. ^ "Russian billionaire's L1 Retail to acquire Holland & Barrett for £1.8B" ([6]); S&P Global (spglobal.com); 26-06-2017; retrieved on 21 January 2023
  17. ^ "Spanish supermarket chain Dia appoints new Brazil CEO to lead restructuring" ([7]); Reuters (reuters.com); 17-02-2020; retrieved on 21 January 2023
  18. ^ "LetterOne and Santander reach agreement over Dia debt" ([8]); Financial Times (ft.com); 20-05-2019; retrieved on 21 January 2023
  19. ^ a b "L1Health" ([9]); LetterOne (letterone.com); 2023; retrieved on 21 January 2023
  20. ^ "LetterOne and BASF merge oil and gas units to create Wintershall Dea" ([10]); Hydrocarbons Technology (hydrocarbons-technology.com); 02-05-2019; retrieved on 21 January 2023
  21. ^ "LetterOne backs £1bn UK broadband plan to compete with BT" ([11]); Financial Times (ft.com); 01-06-2021; retrieved on 21 January 2023
  22. ^ "Russian tycoon warns rapid switch from gas is irresponsible". Financial Times. 6 November 2021.
  23. ^ "Veon exits Western Europe with debt-reducing Wind Tre sale" ([12]); Reuters (reuters.com); 02-07-2018; retrieved on 20 January 2023
  24. ^ "Big Cash Infusion for Valencia Company" ([13]); San Fernando Valley Business Journal (sfvbj.com); 23-02-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023
  25. ^ "Browne makes dealmaking comeback". Financial Times.
  26. ^ a b "fastFT | Financial Times". www.ft.com.
  27. ^ "A Russian American invests in Europe". 12 July 2013.
  28. ^ "Company Overview of Pamplona Capital Management LLP". Bloomberg News. 14 August 2023.
  29. ^ a b "Three more Russian billionaires resign from LetterOne board" ([14]); The Guardian (theguardian.com); 07-03-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023
  30. ^ a b "Mikhail Fridman loses control of LetterOne after sanction" ([15]); Financial Times (ft.com); 02-03-2022; retrieved on 20 January 2023
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