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{| style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:65%; padding:0"
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:right; clear:right; text-align:center; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:70%"
! colspan="9" | {{Tnavbar-header|History of the [[Low Countries]]|History of the Low Countries}}
! colspan="9" style="font-size:130%;" | History of the [[Low Countries]]
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | ............
| style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[Frisii]]
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 0px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | ......
| colspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 0px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | ............
| colspan="6" style="background:#996600; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[Belgae|<span style="color: white;">Belgae</span>]]
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | .....
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | .....
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | .....
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | .....
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | ............
| colspan="1" style="background:#000000; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | ...........
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[Frisii]]
| style="background:#FF9966; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| rowspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[Cananefates|Cana–<br/>nefates]]<noinclude><ref name="foederati">Roman [[foederati]]</ref></noinclude>
| colspan="2" style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[Chamavi|<span style="color: white;">Chamavi</span>]],<br>[[Tubantes|<span style="color: white;">Tubantes</span>]]<noinclude><ref>The Chamavi merged into the confederation of the [[Franks]]; the [[Tubantes]] merged into the confederation of the [[Saxons]].</ref></noinclude>
| colspan="1" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#996600; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[Belgae]]
| colspan="5" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0" | [[Gallia Belgica]] <small>(55 BC–{{circa|5th}} AD)</small><br/>[[Germania Inferior]] <small>(83–{{circa|5th}})</small>
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#996600; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#996600; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#996600; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#996600; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| style="background:#FF9966; border-top:none; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[Cananefates|Cana-<br>nefates]]<ref>Roman [[foederati]]</ref>
| style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0" | [[Salian Franks|<span style="color: white;">Salian Franks</span>]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#CC6633; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |[[Chamavi]], [[Tubanti]]<ref>The Chamavi merged into the confederation of the [[Franks]]; the [[Tubanti]] merged into the confederation of the [[Saxons]].</ref>
| style="background:#CC6633; -align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| colspan="3" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0" | [[File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg|20px]] [[Gallia Belgica]] <small>(55BC-5th c.)</small>
| colspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px" |[[Batavi (Germanic tribe)|Batavi]]<noinclude><ref name="foederati"/></noinclude>
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0" |
| style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" |
| rowspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; -align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
⚫
| style="background:#CC99FF; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | ''unpopulated''<br/><small>(4th–{{circa|5th}})</small><!--- Continuation of Frisii tribe--->
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC6633; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0" |[[Salian Franks]]
| style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" |[[Saxons#Netherlands|<span style="color: white;">Saxons</span>]]
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC6633; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| colspan="3" style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |[[Salian Franks]]<noinclude><ref name="foederati"/></noinclude><br/><small>(4th–{{circa|5th}})</small>
| colspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px" |[[Batavii]]<ref>Roman [[foederati]]</ref>
| style="background:#CC99FF; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 0" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| style="background:#CC99FF; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
⚫
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; border-top:none; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | ''unpopulated''<br><small>(4th-5th c.)</small><!--- Continuation of Frisii tribe--->
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"| [[Frisian Kingdom]]<br/><small> ({{circa|6th}}–734)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC6633; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" |[[Saxons#Netherlands|Saxons]]
| style="background:#CC6633; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| colspan="3" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |[[Salian Franks]]<ref>Roman [[foederati]]</ref><br><small>(4th-5th c.)</small>
| colspan="6" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px" | [[Frankish Kingdom]] <small>(481–843)</small>—[[Carolingian Empire]] <small>(800–843)</small>
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 0" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC99FF; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
|-
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px"| [[Frisian Kingdom]]<br><small> (6th c.–734)</small>
| colspan="7" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" | [[Austrasia]] <small>(511–687)</small>
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#CC6633; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
⚫
| colspan="5" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px" | [[Frankish Kingdom]] <small>(481-843)</small> - [[Carolingian Empire]] <small>(800-843)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" |
|-
|-
| colspan="7" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" | [[Austrasia]] <small> (511-687)
| style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 1px" |
⚫
| style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
⚫
| colspan="7" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 1px" |
|colspan="9" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| colspan="7" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
|-
|-
|colspan="9" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" |
| colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[Middle Francia]] <small>(843–855)</small>
⚫
| rowspan="2" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[West Francia|West<br/>Francia]]<br/><small>(843–)</small>
⚫
| colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |
|-
|-
⚫
| colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px" | [[Lotharingia|Kingdom of Lotharingia]]<noinclude><ref>Part of [[East Francia]] after 939, divided in [[Upper Lorraine]] (as part of [[West Francia]]) and [[Lower Lorraine]] (as part of East Francia) in 959.</ref></noinclude> <small>(855– 959)</small><br/>[[Lower Lorraine|Duchy of Lower Lorraine]]<noinclude><ref>Lower Lorraine—also referred to as Lothier—disintegrated into several smaller independent territories and only the title of a "Duke of Lothier" remained, held by Brabant.</ref></noinclude> <small>(959–)</small>
⚫
| colspan="5" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px" | [[Middle Francia]] <small>(843–855)</small>
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px" |[[West Francia|West<br>Francia]]<br><small>(843–)</small>
| colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" |
| colspan="3" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" |
|-
|-
⚫
| colspan="3" style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" | [[Frisia]]
⚫
| colspan="5" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 1px" | [[Lotharingia|Kingdom of Lotharingia]]<ref>Part of [[East Francia]] after 939, divided in [[Upper Lorraine]] (as part of [[West Francia]]) and [[Lower Lorraine]] (as part of East Francia) in 959.</ref> <small>(855– 959)</small><br>[[Lower Lorraine|Duchy of Lower Lorraine]]<ref>Lower Lorraine - also referred to as Lothier - disintegrated into several smaller independent territories and only the title of a "Duke of Lothier" remained, held by Brabant.</ref> <small>(959–)
| colspan="3" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" |
| colspan="2" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
⚫
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px" |
⚫
| colspan="3" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 1px" | [[Frisia]]
| style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" |<br/>[[File:Friesland (kleine wapen).svg|20px]]<br/>[[Frisian freedom|Frisian<br/>Freedom]]<noinclude><ref>[[Lordship of Frisia]] and [[Lordship of Groningen]] (including the [[Ommelanden]]) after 1524 and 1536 respectively.</ref></noinclude><br/><small>(11–16th<br/>century)</small>
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |[[File:Wapen graafschap Holland.svg|20px]]<br/>[[County of Holland|County of<br/>Holland]]<noinclude><ref>Including [[County of Zeeland]], that was ruled by neighboring [[County of Holland]] and [[County of Flanders]] (until 1432).</ref></noinclude><br/><small>(880–1432)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
⚫
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[File:Utrecht - coat of arms.png|20px]]<br/>[[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|{{nowrap|Bishopric of}}<br/>Utrecht]]<noinclude><ref>Utrecht included [[Lordship of Overijssel]] (until 1528), [[County of Drenthe]] (until 1528) and [[County of Zutphen]] (until 1182).</ref></noinclude><br/><small>(695–1456)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
⚫
| colspan="2" style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[File:Coat of arms of the Duchy of Brabant.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Duchy of Brabant|Duchy of<br/>Brabant]]<noinclude><ref>[[Duchy of Brabant]] included since 1288 also the [[Duchy of Limburg]] (now part of Belgium's [[Liège Province]]) and the "Overmaas" lands [[Dalhem]], [[Valkenburg aan de Geul|Valkenburg]] and [[Herzogenrath]] (now part of the Dutch [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Province of Limburg]]).</ref></noinclude><br/>{{nowrap|<small>(1183–1430)</small>}}<br/>[[File:Guelders-Jülich Arms.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Guelders|Duchy of<br/>Guelders]]<noinclude><ref>The county, later duchy, of Guelders consisted of four quarters, as they were separated by rivers: situated upstream [[Upper Guelders|Upper Quarter]] (the present day northern half of the Dutch province of [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]]), spatially separated from the three downstream Lower Quarters: [[County of Zutphen]] (after 1182), [[Veluwe Quarter]] and [[Nijmegen Quarter]]. The three lower quarters emerged from the historic [[gau (country subdivision)|gau]] [[Hamaland]] (named after the [[Chamavi]] tribe), and formed the present day province of [[Gelderland]]. Guelders did not include the [[Duchy of Cleves|Cleves]] [[enclave]] [[Huissen]] and the independent counties of [[County of Buren|Buren]] and [[Culemborg]], that were much later seceded to the province of Gelderland.</ref></noinclude><br/><small>(1046–1543)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px" | [[File:Arms of Flanders.svg|20px]]<br>
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0" | [[File:Arms of Flanders.svg|20px]]<br/>[[County of Flanders|County of<br/>Flanders]]<noinclude><ref>Including [[County of Artois]] (part of Flanders until 1237) and [[Tournaisis]].</ref></noinclude><br/><small>(862–1384)</small>
⚫
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[File:Hainaut Modern Arms.svg|20px]]<br/> [[County of Hainaut|County of<br/>Hainaut]]<br/>{{nowrap|<small>(1071–1432)</small>}}<br/>[[File:Arms of Namur.svg|20px]]<br/>[[County of Namur|County of<br/>Namur]]<br/><small>{{nowrap|(981–1421)}}</small>
| colspan="3" style="background:#CCFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
⚫
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" | [[File:Armoiries Principauté de Liège.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Prince-Bishopric of Liège|P.-Bish.<br/>of Liège]]<br/><noinclude><ref>Throughout the Middle Ages, the bishopric was further expanded with the [[Duchy of Bouillon]] in 1096 (ceded to France in 1678), the acquisition of the [[county of Loon]] in 1366 and the [[county of Horne]] in 1568. The [[Lordship of Mechelen]] was also part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.</ref></noinclude><br/><small>{{nowrap|(980–1794)}}</small>
⚫
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |[[File:Arms of Luxembourg.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Duchy of Luxembourg|Duchy of<br/>Luxem-<br/>bourg]]<br/>{{nowrap|<small>(1059–1443)</small>}}<br/>
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" |<br>[[File:Friesland (kleine wapen).svg|20px]]<br>[[Frisian Freedom|Frisian<br>Free-<br>dom]]<ref>[[Lordship of Frisia]] and [[Lordship of Groningen]] (including the [[Ommelanden]]) after 1524 and 1536 respectively.</ref><br><small>(11–16th<br>century)</small>
| style="background:#FF9966; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 1px" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Frisian feedom --->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0" |[[File:Counts of Holland Arms.svg|20px]]<br>[[County of Holland|County of<br>Holland]]<ref>Including [[County of Zeeland]], that was ruled by neighboring [[County of Holland]] and [[County of Flanders]] (until 1432).</ref><br><small>(880–1432)</small>
| colspan="6" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" | [[File:Flag of the Low Countries.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Burgundian Netherlands]] <small>(1384–1482)</small>
⚫
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em 0.25em; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" |
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0" | [[File:Coat of arms of Utrecht city.gif|20px]]<br>[[Bishopric of Utrecht|{{nowrap|Bishopric of}}<br>Utrecht]]<ref>Utrecht included [[Lordship of Overijssel]] (until 1528), [[County of Drenthe]] (until 1528) and [[County of Zutphen]] (until 1182).</ref><br><small>(695–1456)</small>
⚫
| style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
⚫
| colspan="2" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0" | [[File:Royal Arms of Belgium.svg|20px]]<br />[[Duchy of Brabant|Duchy of<br>Brabant]]<ref>Duchy of Brabant included since 1288 also the [[Duchy of Limburg]] (now part of the Belgian [[Province of Liège]]) and the "Overmaas" lands [[Dalhem]], [[Valkenburg aan de Geul|Valkenburg]] and [[Herzogenrath]] (now part of the Dutch [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Province of Limburg]]).</ref><br>{{nowrap|<small>(1183–1430)}}</small><br>[[File:Guelders-Jülich Arms.svg|20px]]<br>[[Guelders|Duchy of<br>Guelders]]<ref>The county, later duchy, of Guelders consisted of four quarters, as they were separated by rivers: situated upstream [[Upper Guelders|Upper Quarter]] (the present day northern half of the Dutch province of [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]]), spatially separated from the three downstream Lower Quarters: [[County of Zutphen]] (after 1182), [[Veluwe Quarter]] and [[Nijmegen Quarter]]. The three lower quarters emerged from the historic [[Gau (country subdivision)|gau]] [[Hamaland]], and formed the present day province of [[Gelderland]]. Guelders did not include the [[Duchy of Cleves|Cleves]] [[enclave]] [[Huissen]] and the independent counties of [[County of Buren|Buren]] and [[Culemborg]], that were much later seceded to the province of Gelderland.</ref><br><small>(1046–1543)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0" |[[County of Flanders|County of<br>Flanders]]<ref>Including [[County of Artois]] (part of Flanders until 1237) and [[Tournaisis]].</ref><br/><small>(862–1384)</small>
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25emborder-width: 0 1px 0 0" | [[File:Hainaut Modern Arms.svg|20px]]<br> [[County of Hainaut|County of<br>Hainaut]]<br>{{nowrap|<small>(1071–1432)}}</small><br>[[File:Arms of Namur.svg|20px]]<br />[[County of Namur|County of<br>Namur]]<br/><small>{{nowrap|(981–1421)}}</small>
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0" | [[File:Armoiries Principauté de Liège.svg|20px]]<br>[[Prince-Bishopric of Liège|P.-Bish.<br>of Liège]]<br><ref>Throughout the Middle Ages, the bishopric was further expanded with the [[Duchy of Bouillon]] in 1096 (ceded to France in 1678), the acquisition of the [[county of Loon]] in 1366 and the [[county of Horne]] in 1568. The [[Lordship of Mechelen]] was also part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.</ref><br><small>{{nowrap|(980–1794)}}</small>
⚫
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0" | [[File:Arms of Luxembourg.svg|20px]]<br />[[Duchy of Luxembourg|Duchy of<br>Luxem-<br>bourg]]<br/>{{nowrap|<small>(1059–1443)</small>}}<br>
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="background:#FF9966; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Frisian feedom --->
| style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 1px 1px" |
| colspan="4" style="background:#FFCC00; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 0 0 0" | [[File:Flag - Low Countries - XVth Century.png|20px]]<br>[[Burgundian Netherlands]] <small>(1384–1482)</small>
| colspan="6" style="background:#efcccb; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" | [[File:Flag of the Low Countries.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Habsburg Netherlands]] <small>(1482–1795)</small><br/>([[Seventeen Provinces]] <small>after 1543</small>)<noinclude><ref>The name Seventeen Provinces came in use after the Habsburg [[emperor Charles V]] had re-acquired the Duchy of Guelders, and an continuous territory arose.</ref></noinclude>
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Liege --->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
|-
|-
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 1px 1px" |
| colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em; | [[File:Statenvlag.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Dutch Republic]]<br/><small>(1581–1795)</small>
| colspan="4" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" | [[File:Flag of the Low Countries.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Habsburg Netherlands]] <small>(1482–1795)</small><br />([[Seventeen Provinces]] <small>after 1543</small>)<ref>The name Seventeen Provinces came in use after the Habsburg [[emperor Charles V]] had re-acquired the Duchy of Guelders, and an continuous territory arose.</ref>
| colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |[[File:Flag of the Low Countries.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Spanish Netherlands]]<br/><small>(1556–1714)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Liege --->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
| style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em; vertical-align:top; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Liege --->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9900; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em; vertical-align:top" | [[File:Statenvlag.svg|20px]]<br />[[Dutch Republic]]<br>([[Seven United Netherlands]])<br><small>(1581–1795)</small>
| colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Dutch republic --->
| colspan="3" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" |[[File:Flag of the Low Countries.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Spanish Netherlands]]<br><small>(1556–1714)</small>
| colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" | [[File:Austrian Low Countries Flag.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Austrian Netherlands]]<br/><small>(1714–1795)</small><!--- Continuation of Spanish Netherlands --->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em; vertical-align:top; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Liege --->
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em; border-width:0 1px 0 1px" |<!--- Continuation of Liege --->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |
| style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |<!--- Continuation of Spanish Netherlands --->
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9900; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Dutch republic --->
| colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Dutch republic --->
| colspan="3" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 0" | [[File:Austrian_Low_Countries_Flag.svg|20px]]<br />[[Austrian Netherlands]]<br><small>(1714–1795)</small><!--- Continuation of Spanish Netherlands --->
| colspan="3" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0" | [[File:Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg|20px|border]]<br/>[[United States of Belgium]]<br/><small>(1790)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em; vertical-align:top; border-width:0 1px 0 1px" |<!--- Continuation of Liege --->
| style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0" | [[File:LuikVlag.svg|20px|border]]<br/>[[Republic of Liège|R. Liège]]<br/><small>(1789–'91)</small>
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" |<!--- Continuation of Spanish Netherlands --->
| style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0" |
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9900; border:solid 1px; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; vertical-align:top" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Dutch republic --->
| colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Dutch republic --->
| colspan="3" style="background:#FFFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 1px 0" | [[File:Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg|20px|border]]<br />[[United States of Belgium|United States of Belgium]]<br><small>(1790)</small>
| colspan="3" style="background:#efcccb; border:none; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |<!-- restoration of Austrian Netherlands in modern Belgium -->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 0 0 0" | [[File:LuikVlag.svg|20px|border]]<br>[[Republic of Liège|R. Liège]]<br><small>(1789–'91)</small>
| style="background:#FFFFCC; padding:0.25em" | &nbsp;<!-- restoration of the Prince-Bishopric in Liège-->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0" |
| style="background:#efcccb; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" | &nbsp;<!-- restoration of Austrian Netherlands in modern Belgium -->
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[File:Flag of the navy of the Batavian Republic.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Batavian Republic]] <small>(1795–1806)</small><br />[[Kingdom of Holland]] <small>(1806–1810)</small>
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9900; border:solid 1px; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 0 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | &nbsp;<!--- Continuation of Dutch republic --->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; border:none; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |<!-- restoration of Austrian Netherlands in modern Belgium -->
| colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width:1px 1px 0 0" | [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]]<br/>associated with [[French First Republic]] <small>(1795–1804)</small><br/>part of [[First French Empire]] <small>(1804–1815)</small>
| colspan="2" style="background:#FFCC00; border:none; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |<!-- restoration of Austrian Netherlands in modern Belgium -->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFFFCC; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em" | &nbsp;<!-- restoration of the Prince-Bishopric in Liège-->
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCC00; border:solid 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 0 0" | &nbsp;<!-- restoration of Austrian Netherlands in modern Belgium -->
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9999; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[File:Flag of the Batavian Republic.svg|20px]]<br>[[Batavian Republic]] <small>(1795–1806)</small><br>[[Kingdom of Holland|Kingdom of Holland]] <small>(1806–1810)</small>
| colspan="4" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 0 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"| &nbsp;<!-- continuance of the French Empire -->
| colspan="5" style="background:#FF9999; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border:solid 1px; border-width:1px 1px 0 0" | [[File:Flag of France.svg|20px|border]]<br>part of [[French First Republic]] <small>(1795–1804)</small><br>part of [[First French Empire]] <small>(1804–1815)</small>
| colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"| &nbsp;<!-- continuance of the French Empire -->
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9999; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 0 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"| &nbsp;<!-- continuance of the French Empire -->
| colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px" | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|Princip. of the Netherlands]] <small>(1813–1815)</small>
| colspan="5" style="background:#FF9999; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 0 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"| &nbsp;<!-- continuance of the French Empire -->
| colspan="5" style="background:#c1cbf2; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"| &nbsp;<!-- continuance of the French Empire -->
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9900; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px" | [[Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|Princip. of the Netherlands]] <small>(1813–1815)</small>
| colspan="8" style="background:#f7d2a8; border-width: 0px 1px 0 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |[[United Kingdom of the Netherlands|Kingdom of the Netherlands]] <small>(1815–1830)</small>
| colspan="5" style="background:#FF9999; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0; padding:0.25em 0.25em"| &nbsp;<!-- continuance of the French Empire -->
| rowspan="2" style="background: #f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em" | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|20px|border]]<br/>[[History of Luxembourg#Developing independence (1815–1890)|Gr D. L.]]<br/><small>(1815–)</small>
|-
|-
| colspan="9" style="background:#FF9900; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0px 1px 0 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em" |[[United Kingdom of the Netherlands|United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] <small>(1815–1830)</small>
| colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 0 1px" | [[File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Netherlands|Kingdom of the Netherlands]] <small>(1839–)</small>
⚫
| colspan="4" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px" | [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|20px|border]]<br/>[[Belgium|Kingdom of Belgium]] <small>(1830–)</small>
|-
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9900; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 0 0 1px" |<br><br>[[Netherlands|Kingdom of the Netherlands]] <small>(1839–)</small>
| colspan="4" style="background:#f7d2a8; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px" |
| colspan="4" style="background:#FFFF66; border:solid 1px; vertical-align:top; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px" | [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|20px|border]]<br />[[Kingdom of Belgium]] <small>(1830–)</small>
| colspan="4" style="background:#dac1dd; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border-width: 0 1px 1px 1px" |
| colspan="1" style="background: #FF9900; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 1px 0 0px" | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|20px|border]]<br />[[History of Luxembourg#Developing independence (1815–1890)|Gr D. L.]]<br /><small>(1839–)</small>
| style="background:#caf5f7; padding:0.25em 0.25em"| [[File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg|20px|border]]<br/>[[Luxembourg|Gr D. of<br/>Luxem-<br/>bourg]]<br/><small>(1890–)</small>
|-
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF9900; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px" |
| colspan="4" style="background:#FFFF66; padding:0.25em 0.25em; border:solid 1px; border-width: 0 1px 1px 1px" |
| colspan="1" style="background:#FFCCFF; border:solid 1px; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 1px; padding:0.25em 0.25em"| [[Grand Duchy of Luxembourg|Gr D. of<br>Luxem-<br>bourg]]<br /><small>(1890–)</small>
|}<noinclude>
|}<noinclude>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Europe history templates|Low Countries]]
[[Category:Europe history templates|Low Countries]]
{{reflist}}
</noinclude>
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 04:32, 20 August 2023

History of the Low Countries
Frisii Belgae
Cana–
nefates[1] 		Chamavi,
Tubantes[2] 		Gallia Belgica (55 BC–c. 5th AD)
Germania Inferior (83–c. 5th)
Salian Franks Batavi[1]
unpopulated
(4th–c. 5th) 		Saxons Salian Franks[1]
(4th–c. 5th)
Frisian Kingdom
(c. 6th–734) 		Frankish Kingdom (481–843)—Carolingian Empire (800–843)
Austrasia (511–687)
Middle Francia (843–855) West
Francia
(843–)
Kingdom of Lotharingia[3] (855– 959)
Duchy of Lower Lorraine[4] (959–)
Frisia


Frisian
Freedom[5]
(11–16th
century)
County of
Holland[6]
(880–1432)
Bishopric of
Utrecht[7]
(695–1456)
Duchy of
Brabant[8]
(1183–1430)

Duchy of
Guelders[9]
(1046–1543)
County of
Flanders[10]
(862–1384)
County of
Hainaut
(1071–1432)

County of
Namur
(981–1421)
P.-Bish.
of Liège
[11]
(980–1794)
Duchy of
Luxem-
bourg
(1059–1443)
 
Burgundian Netherlands (1384–1482)

Habsburg Netherlands (1482–1795)
(Seventeen Provinces after 1543)[12] 		 

Dutch Republic
(1581–1795)
Spanish Netherlands
(1556–1714) 		 
 
Austrian Netherlands
(1714–1795)
 
United States of Belgium
(1790)
R. Liège
(1789–'91)
     

Batavian Republic (1795–1806)
Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)
associated with French First Republic (1795–1804)
part of First French Empire (1804–1815)
   

Princip. of the Netherlands (1813–1815) 		 
Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830)
Gr D. L.
(1815–)

Kingdom of the Netherlands (1839–)
Kingdom of Belgium (1830–)

Gr D. of
Luxem-
bourg
(1890–)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Roman foederati
  2. ^ The Chamavi merged into the confederation of the Franks; the Tubantes merged into the confederation of the Saxons.
  3. ^ Part of East Francia after 939, divided in Upper Lorraine (as part of West Francia) and Lower Lorraine (as part of East Francia) in 959.
  4. ^ Lower Lorraine—also referred to as Lothier—disintegrated into several smaller independent territories and only the title of a "Duke of Lothier" remained, held by Brabant.
  5. ^ Lordship of Frisia and Lordship of Groningen (including the Ommelanden) after 1524 and 1536 respectively.
  6. ^ Including County of Zeeland, that was ruled by neighboring County of Holland and County of Flanders (until 1432).
  7. ^ Utrecht included Lordship of Overijssel (until 1528), County of Drenthe (until 1528) and County of Zutphen (until 1182).
  8. ^ Duchy of Brabant included since 1288 also the Duchy of Limburg (now part of Belgium's Liège Province) and the "Overmaas" lands Dalhem, Valkenburg and Herzogenrath (now part of the Dutch Province of Limburg).
  9. ^ The county, later duchy, of Guelders consisted of four quarters, as they were separated by rivers: situated upstream Upper Quarter (the present day northern half of the Dutch province of Limburg), spatially separated from the three downstream Lower Quarters: County of Zutphen (after 1182), Veluwe Quarter and Nijmegen Quarter. The three lower quarters emerged from the historic gau Hamaland (named after the Chamavi tribe), and formed the present day province of Gelderland. Guelders did not include the Cleves enclave Huissen and the independent counties of Buren and Culemborg, that were much later seceded to the province of Gelderland.
  10. ^ Including County of Artois (part of Flanders until 1237) and Tournaisis.
  11. ^ Throughout the Middle Ages, the bishopric was further expanded with the Duchy of Bouillon in 1096 (ceded to France in 1678), the acquisition of the county of Loon in 1366 and the county of Horne in 1568. The Lordship of Mechelen was also part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.
  12. ^ The name Seventeen Provinces came in use after the Habsburg emperor Charles V had re-acquired the Duchy of Guelders, and an continuous territory arose.
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