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'''Tiripone Mama Taira Putairi''' (1846–1881) was educated by French missionaries from birth and became the first |
'''Tiripone Mama Taira Putairi''', [[SS.CC.]], (1846–1881) was educated by French missionaries from birth and became the first indigenous [[Roman Catholic]] priest ordained in Eastern [[Polynesia]]. He was part of the native royal family of [[Mangareva]], and his father [[Bernardo Putairi]] was the island's last ruling regent. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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[[File:College.Aukena.JPG| |
[[File:College.Aukena.JPG|thumb|Ruins of the Re'e Seminary College on [[Aukena]], one of the earliest institutions of higher learning in [[French Polynesia]]]] |
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Tiripone was born to the royal |
Tiripone was born to the royal ''togoʻiti'' class of chiefs of the island of [[Mangareva]] in the [[Gambier Islands]]. His family was considered to be from a junior or fallen branch of the main royal line. His parents were Gertrude Toategaru and [[Bernardo Putairi]] (also called Maohomotu in some sources), who became the last ruling regent of Mangareva.<ref name="Tiripone">{{cite web|title=R.P. MAMA TAIRA PUTAIRI Tryphon, d.|work=Paroisse de la Cathédrale de Papeete|url=http://www.cathedraledepapeete.com/pages/histoire-de-la-paroisse/histoire-generale/congregations-religieuses/pretres-diocesains/r-p-mama-taira-putairi-tiripone-d/|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Laval|Newbury|O'Reilly|1968|page=622}} |
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| ⚫ | Prior to his birth, Christianity was introduced to the Gambier Islands by French Picpus priests, [[Honoré Laval]] and [[François Caret]] with the support of King [[Maputeoa]] and his uncle |
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| ⚫ | Prior to his birth, Christianity was introduced to the Gambier Islands by French [[Picpus Fathers|Picpus]] priests, [[Honoré Laval]] and [[François Caret]] with the support of King [[Maputeoa]] and his uncle [[Matua (priest)|Matua]], the high priest.{{sfn|Garrett|1982|pages=88–96}} Brother [[Urbain de Florit de La Tour de Clamouze]], one of these early missionaries, founded and headed the Re'e Seminary College (also known as the College of Anaotiki) on [[Aukena]], one of the earliest institutions of higher learning in the [[Oceania|South Pacific]], where native Mangarevan boys were taught Latin and French as future clergymen. Tiripone was among these native boys educated at the Aukena College along with the young king [[Joseph Gregorio II]]. In 1869, Father Nicolas Blanc sent him to pursue clerical studies on the island of [[Tahiti]]. He was [[tonsure]]d on 21 September 1869 and returned to the Gambiers to work with Father Laval.{{sfn|Laval|Newbury|O'Reilly|1968|page=622}}<ref name="TahitiChapVIII">{{cite web|title=Tahiti 1834–1984 – Chap. VIII. DEUXIÈME PARTIE L'APPEL DES ÎLES LOINTAINES|work=Paroisse de la Cathédrale de Papeete|url=http://www.cathedraledepapeete.com/pages/histoire-de-la-paroisse/histoire-generale/tahiti-1834-1984-r-p-paul-hodee/tahiti-1834-1984-chap-viii.html|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Laval|Newbury|O'Reilly|1968|pages=106–107}} |
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The indications are that Tiripone's superiors were not fully convinced of his reliability, for he was stationed on Tahiti rather than back in the Gambiers. At Faaone, under the eye of the retired missionary Laval (with whom he recorded the traditional history of Mangareva), Tiripone exercised a priestly ministry that excluded the hearing of confession. Accounts of his life are not very specific as to why he was withdrawn from his post five or six years later, but indicate fears that his personal life was moving too far back towards Polynesian ways and the dangers they posed. The bishop sent him to the Picpus house in Chile — to protect the honour of the church, according to one account. After a few years in Valparaiso, Tiripone fell sick and died there ('piously', the accounts add) in December 1881. 110 E |
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On |
On 24 December 1873, he was ordained as a priest in [[Papeete]] by Bishop [[Tepano Jaussen]], the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Papeete|Vicar Apostolic of Tahiti]]. Around this time, he adopted the Christian name Tiripone (after the early Christian saint [[Tryphon of Campsada]]). Father Tiripone became the first indigenous person in Eastern Polynesia to be ordained into the Roman Catholic priesthood.<ref name="TahitiChapVIII"/>{{sfn|Lange|2006|pages=53–54}}{{sfn|Buck|1938|page=13}}<ref>Certain sources claimed Tiripone was the first Polynesian ordained, but the Tongan [[Soakimi Gatafahefa]] had been ordained by an Italian cardinal in the [[Archbasilica of St. John Lateran]] on 10 June 1865.({{harvnb|Lange|2006|pages=110–111}})</ref> There are indications that his religious superiors did not fully trust him because they did not station him back in his native Gambiers. He was assigned to proselytize in Faaone, a village in the modern Tahitian [[Communes of France|commune]] of [[Taiarapu-Est]]. Father Tiripone worked under the supervision of the retired Father Laval with whom he wrote a traditional history of Mangareva. They wrote ''E atoga no te ao eteni no Magareva'' (An Account of the Heathen Times of Mangareva) which was deposited in the archives at the Congregation of the Sacred Heart at [[Braine-le-Comte]], [[Belgium]].{{sfn|Buck|1938|page=13}} |
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The exact details of his work in Faaone are not known. As a catechist priest, he was not allowed to hear confessions and there were fears by his superiors that he would regress to his Polynesian heritage in his personal life. Given these circumstances, he was sent to the Picpus house in [[Valparaíso]] in 1879 and died of [[pneumonia]] on 27 December 1881.{{sfn|Laval|Newbury|O'Reilly|1968|page=622}}<ref name="TahitiChapVIII"/> |
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After Bernardo Putairi became regent of Mangareva in 1873, the French missionaries under Father Blanc and Bishop Jaussen thought the regency would pass from him to his son Tiripone – as a priest, he would bring the Gambiers archipelago into the possession of the [[Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary]].{{sfn|Deschanel|1888|page=60}} However, Tiripone predeceased his father, and the islands were instead annexed by France in 1881.{{sfn|Deschanel|1888|pages=70–71}} |
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After Tiripone's death, the Catholic churches of French Polynesia continued to rely on non-native priests. Transferred to Papeete and later Pamatai, the seminary built to educate the indigenous clergy was discontinued by Bishop Jaussen on 30 May 1874, having failed to graduate any more native [[Catholic novitiate|novitiates]]. It would not be until 1954 that the next French Polynesian priest [[Michel-Gaspard Coppenrath]] was ordained.{{sfn|Lange|2006|pages=53–54}}<ref name="TahitiChapXII">{{cite web|title=Tahiti 1834–1984 – Chap. XII. DEUXIÈME PARTIE L'APPEL DES ÎLES LOINTAINES|work=Paroisse de la Cathédrale de Papeete|url=http://www.cathedraledepapeete.com/pages/histoire-de-la-paroisse/histoire-generale/tahiti-1834-1984-r-p-paul-hodee/tahiti-1834-1984-chap-xii.html|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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*{{cite book|last= |
*{{cite book|last=Buck|first=Peter Henry|author-link=Te Rangi Hīroa|title=Ethnology of Mangareva|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95IXAQAAMAAJ|series=Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin |volume=157 |year=1938 |publisher=Bernice P. Bishop Museum Press|location=Honolulu}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Deschanel|first=Paul Eugene Louis|title=Les intérêts français dans l'océan Pacifique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rwpQAAAAYAAJ|year=1888|publisher=Berger-Levrault et cie|location=Paris}} |
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| ⚫ | *{{cite book|last=Lange|first=Raeburn|title=Island Ministers: Indigenous Leadership in Nineteenth Century Pacific Islands Christianity|url=http://pacificinstitute.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/resources-links/Pandanus/Island_Ministers.pdf|year=2006|publisher=Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury|location=Christchurch, New Zealand|isbn=978-1-74076-176-5 |
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*{{cite book| |
*{{cite book|last=Garrett|first=John|title=To Live Among the Stars: Christian Origins in Oceania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7HYexAnWCoC|year=1982|publisher=Institute of Pacific Studies, [[University of the South Pacific]]|location=Suva, Fiji|isbn=978-2-8254-0692-2}} |
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| ⚫ | *{{cite book|last=Lange|first=Raeburn|title=Island Ministers: Indigenous Leadership in Nineteenth Century Pacific Islands Christianity|url=http://pacificinstitute.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/resources-links/Pandanus/Island_Ministers.pdf|year=2006|publisher=Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury|location=Christchurch, New Zealand|isbn=978-1-74076-176-5}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=Laval|first1=Honoré|author-link1=Honoré Laval|last2=Newbury|first2=C. W.|last3=O'Reilly|first3=Patrick|title=Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Mangareva: ère chrétienne, 1834–1871|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BwsKAQAAIAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Musée de l'Homme|location=Paris}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Putairi, Tiripone Mama Taira}} |
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[[Category:French Polynesian Roman Catholic priests]] |
[[Category:French Polynesian Roman Catholic priests]] |
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[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in French Polynesia]] |
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in French Polynesia]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Chile]] |
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[[Category:French Polynesian royalty]] |
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[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic priests]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:06, 25 August 2023
Tiripone Mama Taira Putairi, SS.CC., (1846–1881) was educated by French missionaries from birth and became the first indigenous Roman Catholic priest ordained in Eastern Polynesia. He was part of the native royal family of Mangareva, and his father Bernardo Putairi was the island's last ruling regent.
Life
[edit]
Tiripone was born to the royal togoʻiti class of chiefs of the island of Mangareva in the Gambier Islands. His family was considered to be from a junior or fallen branch of the main royal line. His parents were Gertrude Toategaru and Bernardo Putairi (also called Maohomotu in some sources), who became the last ruling regent of Mangareva.[1][2]
Prior to his birth, Christianity was introduced to the Gambier Islands by French Picpus priests, Honoré Laval and François Caret with the support of King Maputeoa and his uncle Matua, the high priest.[3] Brother Urbain de Florit de La Tour de Clamouze, one of these early missionaries, founded and headed the Re'e Seminary College (also known as the College of Anaotiki) on Aukena, one of the earliest institutions of higher learning in the South Pacific, where native Mangarevan boys were taught Latin and French as future clergymen. Tiripone was among these native boys educated at the Aukena College along with the young king Joseph Gregorio II. In 1869, Father Nicolas Blanc sent him to pursue clerical studies on the island of Tahiti. He was tonsured on 21 September 1869 and returned to the Gambiers to work with Father Laval.[2][4][5]
On 24 December 1873, he was ordained as a priest in Papeete by Bishop Tepano Jaussen, the Vicar Apostolic of Tahiti. Around this time, he adopted the Christian name Tiripone (after the early Christian saint Tryphon of Campsada). Father Tiripone became the first indigenous person in Eastern Polynesia to be ordained into the Roman Catholic priesthood.[4][6][7][8] There are indications that his religious superiors did not fully trust him because they did not station him back in his native Gambiers. He was assigned to proselytize in Faaone, a village in the modern Tahitian commune of Taiarapu-Est. Father Tiripone worked under the supervision of the retired Father Laval with whom he wrote a traditional history of Mangareva. They wrote E atoga no te ao eteni no Magareva (An Account of the Heathen Times of Mangareva) which was deposited in the archives at the Congregation of the Sacred Heart at Braine-le-Comte, Belgium.[7] The exact details of his work in Faaone are not known. As a catechist priest, he was not allowed to hear confessions and there were fears by his superiors that he would regress to his Polynesian heritage in his personal life. Given these circumstances, he was sent to the Picpus house in Valparaíso in 1879 and died of pneumonia on 27 December 1881.[2][4]
After Bernardo Putairi became regent of Mangareva in 1873, the French missionaries under Father Blanc and Bishop Jaussen thought the regency would pass from him to his son Tiripone – as a priest, he would bring the Gambiers archipelago into the possession of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary.[9] However, Tiripone predeceased his father, and the islands were instead annexed by France in 1881.[10]
After Tiripone's death, the Catholic churches of French Polynesia continued to rely on non-native priests. Transferred to Papeete and later Pamatai, the seminary built to educate the indigenous clergy was discontinued by Bishop Jaussen on 30 May 1874, having failed to graduate any more native novitiates. It would not be until 1954 that the next French Polynesian priest Michel-Gaspard Coppenrath was ordained.[6][11]
References
[edit]- ^ "R.P. MAMA TAIRA PUTAIRI Tryphon, d." Paroisse de la Cathédrale de Papeete. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ a b c Laval, Newbury & O'Reilly 1968, p. 622.
- ^ Garrett 1982, pp. 88–96.
- ^ a b c "Tahiti 1834–1984 – Chap. VIII. DEUXIÈME PARTIE L'APPEL DES ÎLES LOINTAINES". Paroisse de la Cathédrale de Papeete. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ Laval, Newbury & O'Reilly 1968, pp. 106–107.
- ^ a b Lange 2006, pp. 53–54.
- ^ a b Buck 1938, p. 13.
- ^ Certain sources claimed Tiripone was the first Polynesian ordained, but the Tongan Soakimi Gatafahefa had been ordained by an Italian cardinal in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran on 10 June 1865.(Lange 2006, pp. 110–111)
- ^ Deschanel 1888, p. 60.
- ^ Deschanel 1888, pp. 70–71.
- ^ "Tahiti 1834–1984 – Chap. XII. DEUXIÈME PARTIE L'APPEL DES ÎLES LOINTAINES". Paroisse de la Cathédrale de Papeete. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
Bibliography
[edit]- Buck, Peter Henry (1938). Ethnology of Mangareva. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin. Vol. 157. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Press.
- Deschanel, Paul Eugene Louis (1888). Les intérêts français dans l'océan Pacifique. Paris: Berger-Levrault et cie.
- Garrett, John (1982). To Live Among the Stars: Christian Origins in Oceania. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. ISBN 978-2-8254-0692-2.
- Lange, Raeburn (2006). Island Ministers: Indigenous Leadership in Nineteenth Century Pacific Islands Christianity (PDF). Christchurch, New Zealand: Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury. ISBN 978-1-74076-176-5.
- Laval, Honoré; Newbury, C. W.; O'Reilly, Patrick (1968). Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Mangareva: ère chrétienne, 1834–1871. Paris: Musée de l'Homme.