Looming (magazine): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Estonian magazine}} |
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'''''Looming''''' (English: ''Creation'') is the oldest [[literary magazine]] in [[Estonia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elm.estinst.ee/issue/11/estonian-literature-1920s-and-1930s/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323193052/http://elm.estinst.ee/issue/11/estonian-literature-1920s-and-1930s/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2016|title=Estonian literature in the 1920s and 1930s|author=Marin Laak |date=Autumn 2000|work=Estonian Literary Magazine|publisher=Estonia Institute|accessdate=17 January 2011}}</ref> The headquarters is in [[Tallinn]]. |
'''''Looming''''' (English: ''Creation'') is the oldest [[literary magazine]] in [[Estonia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elm.estinst.ee/issue/11/estonian-literature-1920s-and-1930s/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323193052/http://elm.estinst.ee/issue/11/estonian-literature-1920s-and-1930s/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2016|title=Estonian literature in the 1920s and 1930s|author=Marin Laak |date=Autumn 2000|work=Estonian Literary Magazine|publisher=Estonia Institute|accessdate=17 January 2011}}</ref> The headquarters is in [[Tallinn]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The magazine was established in 1923 by the Estonian writer [[Friedebert Tuglas]]. Its purpose was the publication and popularization of Estonian contemporary literature. Virtually all known Estonian authors have contributed to the journal.{{ |
The magazine was established in 1923<ref>{{cite journal|last=Talvet|first=Jüri|title=The State of Estonian Literature following the Reestablishment of Independence|journal=World Literature Today|volume=72|issue=2|year=1998|doi=10.2307/40153766|jstor=40153766|page=308}}</ref> by the Estonian writer [[Friedebert Tuglas]]. Its purpose was the publication and popularization of Estonian contemporary literature. Virtually all known Estonian authors have contributed to the journal.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} |
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During the [[Occupation of the Baltic states|Soviet occupation of Estonia]], ''Looming'' was controlled by the Writers' Union of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. |
During the [[Occupation of the Baltic states|Soviet occupation of Estonia]], ''Looming'' was controlled by the Writers' Union of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. |
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Currently, the publication of ''Looming'' is jointly funded by the [[Estonian Ministry of Culture]], the State ''Kultuurkapital'' Foundation and the [[Estonian Writers' Union]]. The latter appoints the [[editor-in-chief]] of the magazine, who is responsible for the content. It is published monthly. The editorial office is based in [[Tallinn]]. |
Currently, the publication of ''Looming'' is jointly funded by the [[Estonian Ministry of Culture]], the State ''Kultuurkapital'' Foundation and the [[Estonian Writers' Union]]. The latter appoints the [[editor-in-chief]] of the magazine, who is responsible for the content. It is published monthly. The editorial office is based in [[Tallinn]]. |
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In the early years, the magazine's print run was around a thousand copies. In 1930, it was reduced from 1,500 to 1,200 copies. In 1933, the print run was 600 copies, but later began to increase and reached 5,500 copies by 1935. In 1955, this figure was 4,000, in 1977 – 19,000, in 1985 – 22,000. In the 1980s, when readers' demand for the magazine grew and the oppressive pressure of the authorities intensified, efforts were made to limit the influence of the free-spirited Looming with claims of insufficient printing capacity, which did not allow the magazine's circulation to increase. Looming was also removed from the international subscription list, so it could no longer be subscribed abroad, the justification being the claim that, in conditions of very high demand, there would be more readers of the magazine at home. In 1990, Looming had a print run of 35,500, 1992 – 6,000, 1995 – 2,400, 2000 – 2,100, 2004 – 1,700. Today, the print number is 1,600. The 1,000th issue of the magazine was published in December 2012.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2012 |title=Phantom Menace or Looming Danger? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/book.72084 |doi=10.1353/book.72084|last1=Vogel |first1=Kathleen |isbn=9781421407425 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tannberg |first=Tõnu |date=2021 |title="Kuid Kirjanike Liit pole seni veel kõiki suutnud liita ühiseks pereks": Lisandusi Eesti Nõukogude Kirjanike Liidu asutamise loole aastatel 1943–1946 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.54013/kk763a1 |journal=Keel ja Kirjandus |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=571–598 |doi=10.54013/kk763a1 |s2cid=244189929 |issn=0131-1441}}</ref> |
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==Editors-in-chief== |
==Editors-in-chief== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*{{Official website|http://www.kl.ee/looming/tutvustus/}} {{in lang|et}} |
*{{Official website|http://www.kl.ee/looming/tutvustus/}} {{in lang|et}} |
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[[Category:1923 establishments in Estonia]] |
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[[Category:Mass media in Tallinn]] |
[[Category:Mass media in Tallinn]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:40, 26 August 2023
Looming (English: Creation) is the oldest literary magazine in Estonia.[1] The headquarters is in Tallinn.
History
[edit]The magazine was established in 1923[2] by the Estonian writer Friedebert Tuglas. Its purpose was the publication and popularization of Estonian contemporary literature. Virtually all known Estonian authors have contributed to the journal.[citation needed]
During the Soviet occupation of Estonia, Looming was controlled by the Writers' Union of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Currently, the publication of Looming is jointly funded by the Estonian Ministry of Culture, the State Kultuurkapital Foundation and the Estonian Writers' Union. The latter appoints the editor-in-chief of the magazine, who is responsible for the content. It is published monthly. The editorial office is based in Tallinn.
In the early years, the magazine's print run was around a thousand copies. In 1930, it was reduced from 1,500 to 1,200 copies. In 1933, the print run was 600 copies, but later began to increase and reached 5,500 copies by 1935. In 1955, this figure was 4,000, in 1977 – 19,000, in 1985 – 22,000. In the 1980s, when readers' demand for the magazine grew and the oppressive pressure of the authorities intensified, efforts were made to limit the influence of the free-spirited Looming with claims of insufficient printing capacity, which did not allow the magazine's circulation to increase. Looming was also removed from the international subscription list, so it could no longer be subscribed abroad, the justification being the claim that, in conditions of very high demand, there would be more readers of the magazine at home. In 1990, Looming had a print run of 35,500, 1992 – 6,000, 1995 – 2,400, 2000 – 2,100, 2004 – 1,700. Today, the print number is 1,600. The 1,000th issue of the magazine was published in December 2012.[3][4]
Editors-in-chief
[edit]The following persons have been editor-in-chief of the magazine:
- 1923–1926 Friedebert Tuglas
- 1927–1929 Jaan Kärner
- 1930–1940 Johannes Semper
- 1940–1941 Friedebert Tuglas
- 1941–1944 Journal not published due to World War II
- 1945–1946 Jaan Kärner
- 1946 Mart Raud
- 1946–1952 August Alle
- 1953–1957 Ilmar Sikemäe
- 1957–1960 Paul Kuusberg
- 1960–1968 Anton Vaarandi
- 1968–1976 Paul Kuusberg
- 1976–1987 Kalle Kurg
- 1988–1997 Andres Langemets
- 1997–2005 Udo Uibo
- 2005–2016 Mihkel Mutt
References
[edit]- ^ Marin Laak (Autumn 2000). "Estonian literature in the 1920s and 1930s". Estonian Literary Magazine. Estonia Institute. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
- ^ Talvet, Jüri (1998). "The State of Estonian Literature following the Reestablishment of Independence". World Literature Today. 72 (2): 308. doi:10.2307/40153766. JSTOR 40153766.
- ^ Vogel, Kathleen (2012). Phantom Menace or Looming Danger?. doi:10.1353/book.72084. ISBN 9781421407425.
- ^ Tannberg, Tõnu (2021). ""Kuid Kirjanike Liit pole seni veel kõiki suutnud liita ühiseks pereks": Lisandusi Eesti Nõukogude Kirjanike Liidu asutamise loole aastatel 1943–1946". Keel ja Kirjandus. 64 (7): 571–598. doi:10.54013/kk763a1. ISSN 0131-1441. S2CID 244189929.
External links
[edit]- Official website (in Estonian)
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