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{{Short description|1854 battle of the Crimean War}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Siege of Calafat
|conflict=Siege of Calafat
|date=February – May 1854
|date=February – May 1854
| image = File:Fabrique de Pellerin - Combat près de Kalafat, 1854.jpg
| image = Charles Vernier - Devant Kalafat - Une fois... deux fois... trois fois... je vous somme de mettre bas les armes... (Charivari, 1854).jpg
|image_size = 300
| caption = French cartoon mocking the Russians, published by Le Charivari.
| caption = Siege of Calafat by [[Fabrique de Pellerin]]
|place=[[Calafat]], [[Principality of Wallachia]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|place=[[Calafat]], [[Wallachia]]
⚫
|result= Russian victory
|Coordinates={{coord|43|59|44.26|N|22|55|52.51|E|display=inline,title}}
⚫
|result= Ottoman victory
|combatant1={{flag|Russian Empire}}
|combatant1={{flag|Russian Empire}}
|combatant2={{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
|combatant2={{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
|commander1={{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Joseph Carl von Anrep]]
|commander1={{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Joseph Carl von Anrep]]
|commander2={{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Ahmed Pasha
|commander2={{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} Ahmed Pasha
|strength1= 50,000
|strength1= 40,000
|strength2=30,000–36,000{{sfnp|Herbert von|1896|pp=98-99}}
⚫
|strength2=66,000<ref name = Herbert>Herbert von F. W. The Chronicles of a Virgin Fortress: Being Some Unrecorded Chapters of Turkish & Bulgarian History. Osgood McIlvaine & Company, 1896. P. 98-99</ref>
| casualties1 = 10,000 <small>(including the sick)</small><ref name = Herbert>Herbert von F. W. The Chronicles of a Virgin Fortress: Being Some Unrecorded Chapters of Turkish & Bulgarian History. Osgood McIlvaine & Company, 1896. P. 98-99</ref>
|casualties1 = 23,000 <small>(including the sick)</small>{{sfnp|Herbert von|1896|pp=98-99}}
| casualties2 = 30,000
|casualties2 = Unknown
}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Crimean War}}
{{Campaignbox Crimean War}}


The '''Siege of Calafat''' took place in 1854 during the [[Crimean War]].<ref name="Dictionary of Battles and Sieges">{{cite book|last1=Jaques|first1=Tony|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionarybattle00jaqu_384|url-access=limited|date=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionarybattle00jaqu_384/page/n240 184]}}</ref> The Russians successfully besieged the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army at this place for four months before finally capturing it.
The '''siege of Calafat''' took place in 1854 during the [[Crimean War]].{{sfnp|Jaques|2007|p=184}} The Russians unsuccessfully besieged the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army at this place for four months before finally withdrawing.


In July 1853, the Russian army invaded the Principality of [[Wallachia]], which was an Ottoman vassal. Their army had some 50,000 men under command of Prince Gorchakoff with some 240 field artillery and 90 siege guns. In response, war was declared by the Ottomans and they assembled an army of some 66,000 under the command of [[Omar Pasha]]. The Ottomans had several fortified fortresses on the southern side of the [[Danube]] river, of which [[Vidin]] was one. The Turks made several plans to advance into Wallachia. On 28 October their army in Vidin crossed the Danube and established themselves at the village of Calafat and started building fortifications. Another army crossed the Danube at [[Ruse, Bulgaria|Ruse]] on 1-2 November in a feint attack to lure the Russians away from Calafat. This operation was unsuccessful and they retreated on 12 November but in the meantime Calafat's defenses and the communication with Vidin had been improved.
In July 1853, the Russian army invaded the Principality of [[Wallachia]], which was an Ottoman vassal. Their army had some 91,000 men under the command of Prince Gorchakoff, with some 240 field artillery and 90 siege guns. In response, war was declared by the Ottomans and they assembled an army of some 60–70,000 under the command of [[Omar Pasha]]. The Ottomans had several fortified fortresses on the southern side of the [[Danube]] river, of which [[Vidin]] was one. The Turks made several plans to advance into Wallachia. On 28 October their army in Vidin crossed the Danube and established itself at the village of Calafat, and started building fortifications. Another army crossed the Danube at [[Ruse, Bulgaria|Ruse]] on 1-2 November in a feint attack to lure the Russians away from Calafat. This operation was unsuccessful and they retreated on 12 November, but in the meantime Calafat's defenses and the communication with Vidin had been improved.


In return to these events, the Russians marched towards [[Calafat]] and successfully engaged the Turks at the end of December. They then entrenched themselves at [[Cetate, Dolj|Cetate]], where they were attacked by the Turks. There was several days of fighting 10 January the Russians retreated towards Radovan. After January the Russians brought troops to the surroundings of Calafat and started the successful siege which lasted 4 months, they captured it on 21 April. During the siege the Ottomans suffered heavy losses from epidemics and attacks from the fortified Russian positions. The Turks were led by Ahmed Pasha, the Russians by General [[Joseph Carl von Anrep]].
In response to these events, the Russians marched towards [[Calafat]] and unsuccessfully engaged the Turks at the end of December. They then entrenched themselves at [[Cetate, Dolj|Cetate]], where they were attacked by the Turks. The Turks were led by Ahmed Pasha, the Russians by General [[Joseph Carl von Anrep]]. There were several days of fighting until 10 January, whereupon the Russians retreated towards [[Radovan,_Dolj|Radovan]]. After January the Russians brought troops to the surroundings of Calafat and started the unsuccessful siege, which lasted 4 months; they withdrew on 21 April. During the siege the Russians suffered heavy losses from epidemics and attacks from the fortified Ottoman positions.

==Citations==
⚫
{{reflist|30em}}


==References==
==References==
{{Refbegin|indent=yes}}
⚫
{{reflist}}
⚫
* {{cite book |last1=Herbert von |first1=F.W. |title=The Chronicles of a Virgin Fortress: Being Some Unrecorded Chapters of Turkish & Bulgarian History |date=1896 |publisher=Osgood McIlvaine & Company}}
* {{cite book|last1=Jaques|first1=Tony|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionarybattle00jaqu_384|url-access=limited|date=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionarybattle00jaqu_384/page/n240 184]}}
{{refend}}


{{coord missing|Romania}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Calafat }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Calafat }}
[[Category:Battles of the Crimean War|Calafat]]
[[Category:Battles of the Crimean War|Calafat]]

Latest revision as of 18:07, 27 August 2023

Siege of Calafat

Siege of Calafat by Fabrique de Pellerin
DateFebruary – May 1854
Location
Calafat, Wallachia
Result Ottoman victory
Belligerents
 Russian Empire  Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Russian Empire Joseph Carl von Anrep Ottoman Empire Ahmed Pasha
Strength
40,000 30,000–36,000[1]
Casualties and losses
23,000 (including the sick)[1] Unknown

The siege of Calafat took place in 1854 during the Crimean War.[2] The Russians unsuccessfully besieged the Ottoman army at this place for four months before finally withdrawing.

In July 1853, the Russian army invaded the Principality of Wallachia, which was an Ottoman vassal. Their army had some 91,000 men under the command of Prince Gorchakoff, with some 240 field artillery and 90 siege guns. In response, war was declared by the Ottomans and they assembled an army of some 60–70,000 under the command of Omar Pasha. The Ottomans had several fortified fortresses on the southern side of the Danube river, of which Vidin was one. The Turks made several plans to advance into Wallachia. On 28 October their army in Vidin crossed the Danube and established itself at the village of Calafat, and started building fortifications. Another army crossed the Danube at Ruse on 1-2 November in a feint attack to lure the Russians away from Calafat. This operation was unsuccessful and they retreated on 12 November, but in the meantime Calafat's defenses and the communication with Vidin had been improved.

In response to these events, the Russians marched towards Calafat and unsuccessfully engaged the Turks at the end of December. They then entrenched themselves at Cetate, where they were attacked by the Turks. The Turks were led by Ahmed Pasha, the Russians by General Joseph Carl von Anrep. There were several days of fighting until 10 January, whereupon the Russians retreated towards Radovan. After January the Russians brought troops to the surroundings of Calafat and started the unsuccessful siege, which lasted 4 months; they withdrew on 21 April. During the siege the Russians suffered heavy losses from epidemics and attacks from the fortified Ottoman positions.

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Herbert von (1896), pp. 98–99.
  2. ^ Jaques (2007), p. 184.

References

[edit]
  • Herbert von, F.W. (1896). The Chronicles of a Virgin Fortress: Being Some Unrecorded Chapters of Turkish & Bulgarian History. Osgood McIlvaine & Company.
  • Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 184.
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