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{{Short description|Italian physicist}}
'''Ruggero Maria Santilli''' (born [[1935]]) is an [[Italy|Italian]]-[[United States|American]] [[physicist]].
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Ruggero Santilli
| image = Ruggero Santilli Sunset Smaller.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1935|9|8}}
| birth_place = [[Capracotta|Capracotta, Molise, Italy]]
| residence =
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = [[Theoretical physics]]
| erdos_number =
| work_institution = Institute for Basic Research
| alma_mater = [[University of Naples]], [[University of Turin]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = [[Fringe science]]
| societies =
| prizes =
| spouse = Carla
| children =
| religion = <!-- See [[WP:BLPCAT]]: we'd need a source which indicated that this is relevant to Santilli's notability -->
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ruggero Maria Santilli''' (born September 8, 1935) is an [[Italian Americans|Italo-American]] [[nuclear physicist]]. Mainstream scientists dismiss his theories as [[fringe science]].<ref name=weimar>{{cite news|last=Weimar|first=Carrie|title=Snubbed by mainstream, scrappy scientist sues|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2007/05/09/Hillsborough/Snubbed_by_mainstream.shtml|access-date=29 June 2011|newspaper=St. Petersburg Times|date=May 9, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512191415/http://www.sptimes.com/2007/05/09/Hillsborough/Snubbed_by_mainstream.shtml|archive-date=May 12, 2007}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Ruggero Maria Santilli was born September 8, 1935) in [[Capracotta]].<ref name="ibr-cv"/> He studied physics at the [[University of Naples]] and earned his PhD in physics from the [[University of Turin]], graduating in 1965.<ref name="ibr-cv"/> He held various academic positions in Italy until 1967, when he took a position at University of Miami; a year later he moved to Boston University, and subsequently held visiting scientist positions at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University.<ref name=weimar/><ref name="ibr-cv"/>


In September 1981, Santilli established a one-man organization,<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |last1=Nienhuys |first1=Jan |title=Fringe Scientist Santilli's Suit Against Dutch Astronomer and Skeptics Group Settled |journal=[[Skeptical Inquirer]] |date=January–February 2019 |volume=43 |issue=1 |page=5}}</ref> the Institute for Basic Research in Boston;<ref name="ibr-cv"/> he told a reporter from '' St. Petersburg Times'' in 2007 that he left Harvard because scientists there viewed his work as "heresy".<ref name=weimar/>
Originally from the [[Italy|Italian]] region of [[Molise]], Santilli studied physics at the [[University of Naples]] and went on to attend the Graduate School in Physics of the [[University of Turin]], graduating in 1966. In 1967 he was invited by the [[University of Miami]] to conduct research under [[NASA]] financial support. Starting in 1968, Santilli was an Associate Professor of Physics at [[Boston University]], teaching physics and mathematics, and conducted research for the [[United States Air Force]]. During this time, he became a [[naturalized]] [[American citizen]]. In 1976 and 1977 Santilli was a visiting scholar at the [[Institute for Theoretical Physics]] of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. Starting in 1978, he did research at [[Harvard University]]. In 1983 Santilli became the President of his newly-formed [[Institute for Basic Research]].<ref name="ibr-cv">[http://i-b-r.org/Ruggero-Maria-Santilli.htm CV] on [[Institute for Basic Research]]</ref>
==Work==
Although Santilli has published papers in the mainstream scientific literature, a large amount of his work has dealt with his so-called ''hadronic mechanics'', a novel fundamental theory of the Universe which is not generally accepted by the physics community.<ref>[http://www.i-b-r.org/ir00019a.htm], accessed [[2007-03-08]].</ref><ref>Book review by Erik Trell of ''Foundations of hadronic chemistry with applications to new clean energies and fuels'' by R. M. Santilli, ''International Journal of Hydrogen Energy'' '''28''' (February 2003), pp. 251&ndash;353. DOI [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00031-9 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00031-9].</ref> Much of his work on this mechanics has been published in ''Hadronic Journal'', a journal of which Santilli is the founder and chief editor. Santilli has also established the journals ''Hadronic Journal Supplement'' and ''Algebras, Groups and Geometries'', in which he publishes papers by himself and others. These journals are published by Hadronic Press, a firm of which Santilli's spouse Carla Santilli is the sole officer/director.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.secinfo.com/dSm4r.312y.htm | title = Earthfirst Technologies Inc · 10QSB · For 3/31/02 | work = [[SEC Info]] | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }}</ref>


In 1982 Austrian-British philosopher [[Karl Popper]] wrote that Santilli's calls for tests on the validity of quantum mechanics within nuclear and hadronic structures, represented a return to scientific sanity.<ref>{{cite book |last=Popper |first=Karl | title=Quantum theory and the schism in physics |year=2005 | orig-year=1982 | location=London / New York | publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-09112-8 |page=14 | edition=Reprinted |oclc=1013271047 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxKDarVvqB8C&pg=PA14 | access-date=December 5, 2018 | via=[[Google Books]] }}</ref>
Santilli also claims to have developed novel fuels, named ''MagneGas'' and ''MagneHydrogen''.<ref>These names are trademarks of Hadronic Press.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.magnegas.com/technology/index.htm | title = Recycling Liquid Wastes and Crude Oil into MagneGas and MagneHydrogen | date = August 30, 2003 | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://peswiki.com/energy/Directory:MagneGas | title = MagneGas | work = [[Pure Energy Systems]] | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://pesn.com/Radio/Free_Energy_Now/shows/060826.htm | title = Interview with Dr. Santilli of MagneGas | date =August 25, 2006 | author = Sterling D. Allan | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }}</ref> These fuels are allegedly composed of ''magnecules'', which are atoms and molecules bonded by "toroidal polarization of the orbits of [at least] the valence electrons."<ref>[http://www.i-b-r.org/ir00020b.htm], accessed [[2007-03-08]].</ref><ref>[http://www.magnegas.com/technology/part5.htm], accessed [[2007-03-08]].</ref><ref>A new gaseous and combustible form of water, Ruggero Maria Santilli, ''International Journal of Hydrogen Energy'' '''31''' (August 2006), pp. 1113&ndash;1128. DOI [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.006 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.006].</ref>


In 1985 he published a book, ''Il Grande Grido: Ethical Probe on Einstein's Followers in the U.S.A, an Insider's View'', in which he said that in many institutions there is an effective conspiracy to suppress or not investigate novel theories which may conflict with established scientific theories, such as [[Albert Einstein|Einstein's]] [[theory of relativity]]. According to Santilli, institutions receive funding and have established entire departments dedicated to long established theories, and so he argues that these same institutions are ill-equipped to challenge their own scientific paradigms with new theories. Santilli claimed that a number of scientists, including Nobel Laureates [[Sheldon Glashow]] and [[Steven Weinberg]], conspired to stop him from conducting research which might have led to the inapplicability of part of Einstein's theory of relativity while he was at Harvard.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1985/3/20/the-politics-of-science-pbmbost-ameficans/ |newspaper=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |date=March 20, 1985 |title=The Politics of Science: II Grande Grido Ethical Probe on Einstein's Followers in the U.S.A.-An Insider's View By Ruggcro Maria Santilli Alpha Publishing: 354 pp, $19.50. }}</ref><ref name="Salon">{{Cite news |last=Farrell |first=John |title=Did Einstein cheat? |url=http://www.salon.com/people/feature/2000/07/06/einstein/ |newspaper=Salon |date=6 July 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000819070547/https://www.salon.com/people/feature/2000/07/06/einstein/|archive-date=August 19, 2000}}</ref> He has complained that papers he has submitted to peer-reviewed [[American Physical Society]] journals were rejected because they were controlled by a group of Jewish physicists led by Weinberg.<ref>{{cite book |title=Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics: 51 (Advances in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics) |year=2005 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0120038510 |author=H. Lustig |editor=H. Henry Stroke |page=26 |chapter=A proper homage to our Ben |quote=Ruggero Maria Santilli of The Institute for Basic Research, who complained bitterly about the rejection of his papers 'disproving' Einstein's relativity, which he attributed to Jewish domination of APS' journals.}}</ref> Santilli has filed a number of lawsuits alleging the suppression of his scientific ideas, including a lawsuit against the magazine ''[[Infinite Energy (magazine)|Infinite Energy]]''.<ref name=weimar/>
In 1999, Santilli established the ''International Committee for Scientific Ethics and Accountability'' to "oppose scientific frauds, plagiarisms, and deceptions," which stated that it would sue anyone who performed various acts, such as anyone who plagiarized "either in part or in full, the following [[parametric deformation]] of [[Lie theory]], and of [[Heisenberg equation]] in their infinitesimal and finite versions".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.scientificethics.org/ | title = International Committee for Scientific Ethics and Accountability | author = Ruggero Maria Santilli | work = scientificethics.org | date = July 18, 1999 | accessdate = 2007-03-02 }}</ref>

Santilli worked on new mathematics and new understandings of physics, to address what he saw as unsolved problems in [[quantum chemistry]]; he has published papers and books describing new [[chemical species]] called "magnecules" that he says are explained by his mathematics and theories.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dunning-Davies |first1=Jeremy |title=Book Review: Foundations of Hadronic Chemistry with Applications to New Clean Energies and Fuels. By R. M. Santilli. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/London, 2001, liv + 397 pp., $138/£95 (hardcover). {{Text|ISBN}} 1-4020-0087-1 |journal=Foundations of Physics |date=2002 |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=1175–1178 |doi=10.1023/A:1016542928371|s2cid=115621570 }}</ref> He told the reporter from '' St. Petersburg Times'' that the scientific establishment has not accepted this work.<ref name=weimar/>

Around 1990 he moved with the institute back to Florida.<ref name="ibr-cv">{{cite web |title=Curriculum Summary of Prof. Ruggero Maria Santilli |url=http://i-b-r.org/Ruggero-Maria-Santilli.htm |publisher=Institute for Basic Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124213707/http://i-b-r.org/Ruggero-Maria-Santilli.htm|archive-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref><ref name=weimar/>

In Florida he worked as a consultant and started companies to support the development and commercialization of his work.<ref name=weimar/> In 1990 his publishing company, Hadronic Press, Inc, was registered in Florida under the names of Santilli and his wife.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hadronic Press, Inc. |url=http://search.sunbiz.org/Inquiry/CorporationSearch/SearchResultDetail?inquirytype=EntityName&directionType=Initial&searchNameOrder=HADRONICPRESS%20S031680&aggregateId=domp-s03168-c97e9125-674f-42d1-9d5c-1f5398a6efbd&searchTerm=Hadrian%20Equity%20Partners%2C%20LLC&listNameOrder=HADRIANEQUITYPARTNERS%20L140000118080 |publisher=State of Florida, Division of Corporations |access-date=16 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Santilli consulted for a company called EarthFirst from 1998 to 2001, and after the relationship ended he sent letters to several of EarthFirst's clients saying they were infringing patents he owned on MagneGas.<ref name=weimar/> This led to five years of litigation.<ref name=weimar/> In 2007 he founded MagneGas Corporation which went public through a reverse merger in early 2008; the reconstituted company acquired a license to Santilli's inventions in the territory of the western hemisphere from a company called Hyfuels, Inc. of which Santilli was the CEO, and later that year directly acquired other patents and trademarks related to MagneGas from Santilli.<ref name=10K2008>{{cite web |title=10-K for 2008 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1353487/000121390009000632/f10k2008_magnegas.htm |website=www.sec.gov |publisher=MagneGas via SEC Edgar |date=March 26, 2009}} [https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1353487/000121390009000632/0001213900-09-000632-index.htm Index page]</ref>{{rp|F-12}} According to MagneGas' annual report for the financial year ending December 31, 2017, Santilli's son, Ermanno, was the President and CEO, and due to their holdings of [[preferred stock]], "the Santilli Family has the ability to significantly influence all matters requiring approval by stockholders of our company." His wife Carla is a director. Their daughter and Ermanno's sister, Luisa Ingargiola, is a director and was formerly the CFO. Ruggero had no executive or director role, but the licenses with Hyfuels remain in place and he "personally contributed a small refinery" for the company's use.<ref>{{cite web |title=10-K 2017 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1353487/000149315218005157/form10-k.htm |publisher=MagenGas via SEC Edgar |date=October 17, 2018}}</ref>

As of Nov 2nd, 2018, Carla Santilli and Luisa Ingargiola had both resigned from their roles as directors with the company and Ermanno Santilli had stepped down as CEO.<ref>{{cite web |title=Form 8-K |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1353487/000149315218009503/form8-k.htm |publisher=MagenGas via SEC Edgar |date=June 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Form 8-K |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1353487/000149315218008838/form8-k.htm |publisher=MagenGas via SEC Edgar |date=June 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Form 8-K |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1353487/000149315218015237/form8-k.htm|publisher=MagenGas via SEC Edgar |date=November 2, 2018}}</ref>

After an explosion at its facility in 2016, the company changed its raw material from organic waste to soybean oil.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morel |first1=Laura C. |title=A year later, cause of fatal Tarpon Springs explosion remains a mystery |url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/a-year-later-cause-of-fatal-tarpon-springs-explosion-remains-a-mystery/2271043 |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=28 March 2016}}</ref> As of 2018, the company was not profitable; it had revenue from selling its gas to metalworking companies as an alternative to [[acetylene]], and aspired to compete more broadly with [[natural gas]].<ref name=TBT201807/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Carollo |first1=Malena |title=MagneGas reports 200 percent hike in revenue for second quarter |url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/corporate/MagneGas-reports-200-percent-hike-in-revenue-for-second-quarter_170884900 |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=14 August 2018}}</ref> As of 2018 two people had been killed and one person injured by MagneGas canisters; as of July 2018 the company was under investigation by OSHA as well as the US gas transport regulator.<ref name=TBT201807>{{cite news |last1=Carollo |first1=Malena |title=Two men died while working with this Tampa Bay company's product. Now the feds are investigating |url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/business/energy/Two-men-died-while-working-with-this-Tampa-Bay-company-s-product-Now-the-feds-are-investigating_170256545 |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=23 July 2018}}</ref>

In 2013, Santilli became involved with another publicly traded company called Thunder Fusion Corporation, formed when a publicly traded shell company acquired intellectual property generated by Santilli around [[fusion power]] that had been owned by Hyfuels.<ref>{{cite web |title=10-K for 2013 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1524872/000147793214001459/tfc_10k.htm |publisher=Thunder Fusion Corporation via SEC Edgar |date=March 31, 2014}} [https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1524872/000147793214001459/0001477932-14-001459-index.htm Index page].</ref> The company changed its name to Thunder Energies Corporation in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=10-K 2014 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1524872/000147793215001914/tfc_10ka.htm |publisher=Thunder Energies Corporation via SEC Edgar |date=March 26, 2015}} [https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1524872/000147793215001914/0001477932-15-001914-index.htm Index page]</ref> Thunder Energies said that it developed a telescope that could detect galaxies, asteroids and other objects in space that were made of [[antimatter]], and in early 2016 Santilli announced that the company had taken pictures of otherwise invisible antimatter objects on Earth.<ref name=Pizzo>{{cite web |last=Pizzo|first=Mark A.|title=Case No. 8:17-Cv-1797-T-33MAP: Magistrate's Report And Recommendation |url=https://ecf.flmd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/show_public_doc?2017-01797-71-8-cv |publisher=United States District Court, Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division |date=April 20, 2018}} [https://ecf.flmd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/show_public_doc?2017-01797-74-8-cv Order adopting the report]</ref> Santilli claimed he was able to use the telescope—a standard, commercial telescope re-fitted with concave lenses, to view antimatter galaxies and images that he interpreted as invisible beings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thunder Energies Discovers Invisible Terrestrial Entities Using Santilli Telescope |url=https://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/prnewswire/TO02451.htm |website=CNN Money |publisher=CNN |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190108064723/https://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/prnewswire/TO02451.htm |archive-date=8 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/> He planned to sell the telescopes to amateur astronomers in America.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

In 2016, Santilli sued Dutch mathematician and skeptic [[Pepijn van Erp]], his webhost, and the chairman of Skepsis Foundation over blog postings in which van Erp had criticized Santelli's work as [[pseudoscience]] and ridiculous.<ref name=Pizzo/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecso.org/news/skeptic-van-erp-sued-ruggero-santilli/ |title=Skeptic Van Erp sued by Ruggero Santilli |publisher=ECSO |date=3 November 2016 |access-date=28 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dersjant |first1=Theo |title=Skepsis bijna blut door rechtszaak over artikel |url=https://www.villamedia.nl/artikel/skepsis-bijna-blut-door-rechtszaak-over-artikel |work=Villamedia |date=July 20, 2018 |language=nl}}</ref> The suit against the foundation's chairman was dismissed in August 2018 and shortly thereafter the suit against van Erp was settled.<ref>{{cite news |title=Skepsis wint proces van wetenschapper die in 'joodse criminele wetenschappers' gelooft |url=https://tpo.nl/2018/09/13/skepsis-wint-proces-van-wetenschapper-die-in-joodse-criminele-wetenschappers-gelooft/ |work=The Post Online |date=13 September 2018 |language=nl-NL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pepijnvanerp.nl/2018/09/settlement-santilli-van-erp-israel/ |title=Settlement in Santilli vs. Van Erp and Israel |date=13 September 2018 |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>

In 2017 an article in ''[[Perspectives on Science]]'' described Santilli's Institute for Basic Research as follows: "The substance of the IBR's program is more directed at a Kuhnian rather than an institutional revolution but the readiness with which its supporters endorse the idea of a Jewish conspiracy could class it as having revolutionary intent and being norm violating. Its strong leadership style suggests pathological individualism and an emphasis on opposition to mainstream science." It also noted, describing tendencies of advocates for fringe science: "...there is a surprising readiness to discuss the possibility that the resistance of the mainstream to fringe ideas is the consequence of mainstream cabals, particularly, a Jewish conspiracy. The website scientificethics.org, makes allegations of Jewish corruption and scientific gangsterism as a cause of the 'persecut[ion] of the Italian American scientist R. M. Santilli,' leading to the suppression of unorthodox scientific ideas, particularly those that conflict with 'organized Jewish interests on Einstein.'"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Collins |first1=Harry |last2=Bartlett |first2=Andrew |last3=Reyes-Galindo |first3=Luis |title=Demarcating Fringe Science for Policy |journal=Perspectives on Science |date=August 2017 |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=411–438 |doi=10.1162/POSC_a_00248|s2cid=57566881 |url=http://orca.cf.ac.uk/102651/1/harry%20collins%20perspectives%20in%20science%2029-06-17.pdf }}</ref>


==Selected publications==
==Selected publications==
* {{cite book | | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero | title = The inverse problem in Newtonian mechanics | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = New York | year = 1978 | id = {{OCLC|9020170}} }}
* {{Cite book |last=Santilli |first=Ruggero |year=1978 |title=Foundations of Theoretical Mechanics: The inverse problem in Newtonian mechanics |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=New York |oclc=9020170 |url=https://isidore.co/calibre/get/pdf/Foundations%20of%20Theoretical%20Mechanics%20I_%20The%20Inverse%20Problem%20in%20Newtonian%20Mechanics%20-%20Santilli%2C%20Ruggero%20Maria_4395.pdf}}
* {{cite book | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero | title = Foundations of Theoretical Mechanics | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | year = 1978 | isbn = 0387088741 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Santilli |first=Ruggero |year=1983 |title=Foundations of Theoretical Mechanics: Birkhoffian Generalization of Hamiltonian Mechanics |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Berlin |isbn=978-0-387-09482-3 |url=https://isidore.co/calibre/get/pdf/Foundations%20of%20Theoretical%20Mechanics%20II_%20Birkhoffian%20Generalization%20of%20Hamiltonian%20Mechanics%20-%20Santilli%2C%20Ruggero%20Maria_4393.pdf}}
* {{cite book | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero | title = Birkhoffian Generalization of Hamiltonian Mechanics | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | year = 1983 | isbn = 0387094822 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Santilli |first=Ruggero |year=1984 |title=Il Grande Grido: Ethical Probe on Einstein's Followers in the U.S.A.: An Insider's View |publisher=Alpha Pub |location=Louisville |isbn=978-0-931753-00-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/IlGrandeGrido }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Santilli |first1=Ruggero Maria |year=1997 |title=Relativistic hadronic mechanics: Nonunitary, axiom-preserving completion of relativistic quantum mechanics |journal=[[Foundations of Physics]] |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=625–729 |doi=10.1007/BF02550172|bibcode=1997FoPh...27..625S |s2cid=121113126 }}
* {{cite book | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero | title = Il Grande Grido | publisher = Alpha Pub | location = Louisville | year = 1984 | isbn = 0931753007 }}
* {{cite book | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero | title = Direct universality of the Lie-admissible algebras | publisher = Hadronic Press | location = Nonantum, Mass. | year = 1984 | isbn = 0911767088 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Santilli |first=Ruggero |year=2001 |title=Foundations of Hadronic Chemistry: with Applications to New Clean Energies and Fuels |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=978-1-4020-0087-4 |url=http://www.i-b-r.org/Hadronic-Mechanics.htm}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Santilli |first1=R. M. |last2=Aringazin |first2=A. K. |year=2004 |title=Structure and Combustion of Magnegases |journal=Hadronic Journal |volume=27 |issue=2004 |pages=299–330 |arxiv=physics/0112066|bibcode=2001physics..12066S }}
* {{cite book | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero | title = Foundations of Hadronic Chemistry: with Applications to New Clean Energies and Fuels | publisher = Springer | location = Berlin | year = 2001 | isbn = 1402000871 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Santilli |first=Ruggero |year=2006 |title=Isodual Theory of Antimatter with Applications to Antigravity, Grand Unification and Cosmology |isbn=1-4020-4518-2 |url=https://isidore.co/calibre/get/pdf/Isodual%20Theory%20of%20Antimatter%20with%20applications%20to%20Antigravity%2C%20Grand%20Unification%20and%20Cosmology%20-%20Santilli%2C%20Ruggero%20Maria_4397.pdf|bibcode=2006itaa.book.....S|series=Fundamental Theories of Physics|volume=151|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/1-4020-4518-2 }}
* {{cite book | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero | title = Isodual theory of antimatter with applications to antigravity, grand unification and cosmology | publisher = Springer | location = Dordrecht | year = 2006 | isbn = 1402045182 }}
==Works discussing Santilli==
* ''Exploding a Myth: Conventional Wisdom or Scientific Truth?'', J. Dunning-Davies. Chichester, UK: Horwood Publishing Ltd., 2007. ISBN 1904275303.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}
<references/>


==External links==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Santilli, Ruggero Maria}}
*{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/video/fortune/2010/09/22/f_bsg_magnegas_natural_gas.fortune/ |work=CNN |title=Video:From trash to gas|date=September 22, 2010}}</ref>


{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1935 births]]
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[[Category:American physicists]]
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[[Category:Italian physicists]]


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[[Category:21st-century American physicists]]
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:University of Turin alumni]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Isernia]]
[[Category:University of Naples Federico II alumni]]
[[Category:Fringe science]]

Latest revision as of 18:35, 30 August 2023

Ruggero Santilli
Born (1935-09-08) September 8, 1935 (age 89)
Capracotta, Molise, Italy
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Naples, University of Turin
Known forFringe science
SpouseCarla
Scientific career
FieldsTheoretical physics
InstitutionsInstitute for Basic Research

Ruggero Maria Santilli (born September 8, 1935) is an Italo-American nuclear physicist. Mainstream scientists dismiss his theories as fringe science.[1]

Biography

[edit]

Ruggero Maria Santilli was born September 8, 1935) in Capracotta.[2] He studied physics at the University of Naples and earned his PhD in physics from the University of Turin, graduating in 1965.[2] He held various academic positions in Italy until 1967, when he took a position at University of Miami; a year later he moved to Boston University, and subsequently held visiting scientist positions at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University.[1][2]

In September 1981, Santilli established a one-man organization,[3] the Institute for Basic Research in Boston;[2] he told a reporter from St. Petersburg Times in 2007 that he left Harvard because scientists there viewed his work as "heresy".[1]

In 1982 Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper wrote that Santilli's calls for tests on the validity of quantum mechanics within nuclear and hadronic structures, represented a return to scientific sanity.[4]

In 1985 he published a book, Il Grande Grido: Ethical Probe on Einstein's Followers in the U.S.A, an Insider's View, in which he said that in many institutions there is an effective conspiracy to suppress or not investigate novel theories which may conflict with established scientific theories, such as Einstein's theory of relativity. According to Santilli, institutions receive funding and have established entire departments dedicated to long established theories, and so he argues that these same institutions are ill-equipped to challenge their own scientific paradigms with new theories. Santilli claimed that a number of scientists, including Nobel Laureates Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg, conspired to stop him from conducting research which might have led to the inapplicability of part of Einstein's theory of relativity while he was at Harvard.[5][6] He has complained that papers he has submitted to peer-reviewed American Physical Society journals were rejected because they were controlled by a group of Jewish physicists led by Weinberg.[7] Santilli has filed a number of lawsuits alleging the suppression of his scientific ideas, including a lawsuit against the magazine Infinite Energy.[1]

Santilli worked on new mathematics and new understandings of physics, to address what he saw as unsolved problems in quantum chemistry; he has published papers and books describing new chemical species called "magnecules" that he says are explained by his mathematics and theories.[8] He told the reporter from St. Petersburg Times that the scientific establishment has not accepted this work.[1]

Around 1990 he moved with the institute back to Florida.[2][1]

In Florida he worked as a consultant and started companies to support the development and commercialization of his work.[1] In 1990 his publishing company, Hadronic Press, Inc, was registered in Florida under the names of Santilli and his wife.[9]

Santilli consulted for a company called EarthFirst from 1998 to 2001, and after the relationship ended he sent letters to several of EarthFirst's clients saying they were infringing patents he owned on MagneGas.[1] This led to five years of litigation.[1] In 2007 he founded MagneGas Corporation which went public through a reverse merger in early 2008; the reconstituted company acquired a license to Santilli's inventions in the territory of the western hemisphere from a company called Hyfuels, Inc. of which Santilli was the CEO, and later that year directly acquired other patents and trademarks related to MagneGas from Santilli.[10]: F-12  According to MagneGas' annual report for the financial year ending December 31, 2017, Santilli's son, Ermanno, was the President and CEO, and due to their holdings of preferred stock, "the Santilli Family has the ability to significantly influence all matters requiring approval by stockholders of our company." His wife Carla is a director. Their daughter and Ermanno's sister, Luisa Ingargiola, is a director and was formerly the CFO. Ruggero had no executive or director role, but the licenses with Hyfuels remain in place and he "personally contributed a small refinery" for the company's use.[11]

As of Nov 2nd, 2018, Carla Santilli and Luisa Ingargiola had both resigned from their roles as directors with the company and Ermanno Santilli had stepped down as CEO.[12][13][14]

After an explosion at its facility in 2016, the company changed its raw material from organic waste to soybean oil.[15] As of 2018, the company was not profitable; it had revenue from selling its gas to metalworking companies as an alternative to acetylene, and aspired to compete more broadly with natural gas.[16][17] As of 2018 two people had been killed and one person injured by MagneGas canisters; as of July 2018 the company was under investigation by OSHA as well as the US gas transport regulator.[16]

In 2013, Santilli became involved with another publicly traded company called Thunder Fusion Corporation, formed when a publicly traded shell company acquired intellectual property generated by Santilli around fusion power that had been owned by Hyfuels.[18] The company changed its name to Thunder Energies Corporation in 2014.[19] Thunder Energies said that it developed a telescope that could detect galaxies, asteroids and other objects in space that were made of antimatter, and in early 2016 Santilli announced that the company had taken pictures of otherwise invisible antimatter objects on Earth.[20] Santilli claimed he was able to use the telescope—a standard, commercial telescope re-fitted with concave lenses, to view antimatter galaxies and images that he interpreted as invisible beings.[21][3] He planned to sell the telescopes to amateur astronomers in America.[3]

In 2016, Santilli sued Dutch mathematician and skeptic Pepijn van Erp, his webhost, and the chairman of Skepsis Foundation over blog postings in which van Erp had criticized Santelli's work as pseudoscience and ridiculous.[20][22][23] The suit against the foundation's chairman was dismissed in August 2018 and shortly thereafter the suit against van Erp was settled.[24][25]

In 2017 an article in Perspectives on Science described Santilli's Institute for Basic Research as follows: "The substance of the IBR's program is more directed at a Kuhnian rather than an institutional revolution but the readiness with which its supporters endorse the idea of a Jewish conspiracy could class it as having revolutionary intent and being norm violating. Its strong leadership style suggests pathological individualism and an emphasis on opposition to mainstream science." It also noted, describing tendencies of advocates for fringe science: "...there is a surprising readiness to discuss the possibility that the resistance of the mainstream to fringe ideas is the consequence of mainstream cabals, particularly, a Jewish conspiracy. The website scientificethics.org, makes allegations of Jewish corruption and scientific gangsterism as a cause of the 'persecut[ion] of the Italian American scientist R. M. Santilli,' leading to the suppression of unorthodox scientific ideas, particularly those that conflict with 'organized Jewish interests on Einstein.'"[26]

Selected publications

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Weimar, Carrie (May 9, 2007). "Snubbed by mainstream, scrappy scientist sues". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on May 12, 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Curriculum Summary of Prof. Ruggero Maria Santilli". Institute for Basic Research. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c Nienhuys, Jan (January–February 2019). "Fringe Scientist Santilli's Suit Against Dutch Astronomer and Skeptics Group Settled". Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (1): 5.
  4. ^ Popper, Karl (2005) [1982]. Quantum theory and the schism in physics (Reprinted ed.). London / New York: Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 0-415-09112-8. OCLC 1013271047. Retrieved December 5, 2018 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ "The Politics of Science: II Grande Grido Ethical Probe on Einstein's Followers in the U.S.A.-An Insider's View By Ruggcro Maria Santilli Alpha Publishing: 354 pp, $19.50". The Harvard Crimson. March 20, 1985.
  6. ^ Farrell, John (6 July 2000). "Did Einstein cheat?". Salon. Archived from the original on August 19, 2000.
  7. ^ H. Lustig (2005). "A proper homage to our Ben". In H. Henry Stroke (ed.). Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics: 51 (Advances in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics). Academic Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0120038510. Ruggero Maria Santilli of The Institute for Basic Research, who complained bitterly about the rejection of his papers 'disproving' Einstein's relativity, which he attributed to Jewish domination of APS' journals.
  8. ^ Dunning-Davies, Jeremy (2002). "Book Review: Foundations of Hadronic Chemistry with Applications to New Clean Energies and Fuels. By R. M. Santilli. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/London, 2001, liv + 397 pp., $138/£95 (hardcover). ISBN 1-4020-0087-1". Foundations of Physics. 32 (7): 1175–1178. doi:10.1023/A:1016542928371. S2CID 115621570.
  9. ^ "Hadronic Press, Inc". State of Florida, Division of Corporations. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  10. ^ "10-K for 2008". www.sec.gov. MagneGas via SEC Edgar. March 26, 2009. Index page
  11. ^ "10-K 2017". MagenGas via SEC Edgar. October 17, 2018.
  12. ^ "Form 8-K". MagenGas via SEC Edgar. June 30, 2018.
  13. ^ "Form 8-K". MagenGas via SEC Edgar. June 22, 2018.
  14. ^ "Form 8-K". MagenGas via SEC Edgar. November 2, 2018.
  15. ^ Morel, Laura C. (28 March 2016). "A year later, cause of fatal Tarpon Springs explosion remains a mystery". Tampa Bay Times.
  16. ^ a b Carollo, Malena (23 July 2018). "Two men died while working with this Tampa Bay company's product. Now the feds are investigating". Tampa Bay Times.
  17. ^ Carollo, Malena (14 August 2018). "MagneGas reports 200 percent hike in revenue for second quarter". Tampa Bay Times.
  18. ^ "10-K for 2013". Thunder Fusion Corporation via SEC Edgar. March 31, 2014. Index page.
  19. ^ "10-K 2014". Thunder Energies Corporation via SEC Edgar. March 26, 2015. Index page
  20. ^ a b Pizzo, Mark A. (April 20, 2018). "Case No. 8:17-Cv-1797-T-33MAP: Magistrate's Report And Recommendation". United States District Court, Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division. Order adopting the report
  21. ^ "Thunder Energies Discovers Invisible Terrestrial Entities Using Santilli Telescope". CNN Money. CNN. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  22. ^ "Skeptic Van Erp sued by Ruggero Santilli". ECSO. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  23. ^ Dersjant, Theo (July 20, 2018). "Skepsis bijna blut door rechtszaak over artikel". Villamedia (in Dutch).
  24. ^ "Skepsis wint proces van wetenschapper die in 'joodse criminele wetenschappers' gelooft". The Post Online (in Dutch). 13 September 2018.
  25. ^ "Settlement in Santilli vs. Van Erp and Israel". 13 September 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  26. ^ Collins, Harry; Bartlett, Andrew; Reyes-Galindo, Luis (August 2017). "Demarcating Fringe Science for Policy" (PDF). Perspectives on Science. 25 (4): 411–438. doi:10.1162/POSC_a_00248. S2CID 57566881.
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