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{{Infobox Pre-Columbian site
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Ronald Watson Gravel Site <br>(15Be249)</br>
| name = Ronald Watson Gravel site <br>(15 BE 249)
| alternate_name =
|image =
|image size = 250px
| image =
| image_size = 250px
|alt =
|caption =
| alt =
| caption =
⚫
|pushpin_map = USA Kentucky
|map=
| map =
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| map_type = USA Kentucky
|latd = 39 | latm = 3 | lats = 52.02 | latNS = N
|longd= 84 | longm= 52 | longs = 53.6514 | longEW = W
| map_alt =
|map_caption = Approximate location within Kentucky today
| map_caption = Approximate location within Kentucky today
| map_size =
|mapsize = 250
| relief =
|country = {{flag|USA}}
| coordinates = {{coord|39|3|52.02|N|84|52|53.65|W|display=inline}}
⚫
|region = [[Boone County, Kentucky]]
| map_dot_label =
|municipality =
|nearest_town = [[Petersburg, Kentucky]]
| location = [[Petersburg, Boone County, Kentucky|Petersburg, Kentucky]],&nbsp;[[Boone County, Kentucky]],&nbsp;{{flag|USA}}
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| region = [[Boone County, Kentucky]]
⚫
|culture = [[Archaic period in the Americas|Late Archaic]], [[Woodland period]], [[Fort Ancient culture]]
| built =
|first_occupied =
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| abandoned =
|period =
| epochs =
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| cultures = [[Archaic period in the Americas|Late Archaic]], [[Woodland period]], [[Fort Ancient culture]]
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The '''Ronald Watson Gravel Site''' (15BE249) is an [[archaeological site]] near [[Petersburg, Boone County, Kentucky|Petersburg]] in [[Boone County, Kentucky]], on an inside bend of a [[meander]] of the [[Ohio River]]. Excavations have determined that the site was occupied several times, during the [[Archaic period in the Americas|Late Archaic]], [[Woodland period|Middle Woodland, Late Woodland]], and Middle [[Fort Ancient]] periods, although none of these are transitional occupations from one period to another.<ref name=HUEBCHEN>{{Citation|title=The Ronald Watson Gravel Site (15Be249):An examination of the Late Woodland/Fort Ancient transition in Boone County, Kentucky|url= http://etd.ohiolink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/HUEBCHEN%20KARL.pdf?ucin1147403287|last=Huebchen|first=Karl R.|publisher=University of Cincinnati|year=2006}}</ref> It is the best documented Middle Woodland site in the Northern [[Bluegrass region]] of Kentucky.<ref name=APPLEGATE>{{citation|title=The Archaeology of Kentucky:an update|editor=Pollack, David|last=Applegate|first=Darlene|publisher=Kentucky Heritage Council|url=http://heritage.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/7FD10722-66D5-4987-A3A3-19A6E27BCFA0/0/TheArchaeologyofKentuckyAnUpdateVolume1NEW.pdf|volume=1|chapter=Chapter 5:Woodland period|year=2008|page=484|isbn=978-1-934492-28-4}}</ref>
The '''Ronald Watson Gravel site''' (15BE249) is an [[archaeological site]] near [[Petersburg, Boone County, Kentucky|Petersburg]] in [[Boone County, Kentucky]], on an inside bend of a [[meander]] of the [[Ohio River]]. Excavations have determined that the site was occupied several times, during the [[Archaic period in the Americas|Late Archaic]], [[Woodland period|Middle Woodland, Late Woodland]], and Middle [[Fort Ancient]] periods, although none of these are transitional occupations from one period to another.<ref name=HUEBCHEN>{{Citation|title=The Ronald Watson Gravel Site (15Be249):An examination of the Late Woodland/Fort Ancient transition in Boone County, Kentucky|url= http://etd.ohiolink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/HUEBCHEN%20KARL.pdf?ucin1147403287|last=Huebchen|first=Karl R.|publisher=University of Cincinnati|year=2006}}</ref> It is the best documented Middle Woodland site in the Northern [[Bluegrass region]] of Kentucky.<ref name=APPLEGATE>{{citation|title=The Archaeology of Kentucky:an update|editor=Pollack, David|last=Applegate|first=Darlene|publisher=Kentucky Heritage Council|chapter-url=http://heritage.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/7FD10722-66D5-4987-A3A3-19A6E27BCFA0/0/TheArchaeologyofKentuckyAnUpdateVolume1NEW.pdf|volume=1|chapter=Chapter 5:Woodland period|year=2008|page=484|isbn=978-1-934492-28-4|access-date=2010-11-05|archive-date=2010-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108174316/http://heritage.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/7FD10722-66D5-4987-A3A3-19A6E27BCFA0/0/TheArchaeologyofKentuckyAnUpdateVolume1NEW.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Occupations==
==Occupations==
The site is a 0.4 hectare open habitation area on an alluvial terrace of sand and gravel beds overlooking the Ohio River.<ref name=APPLEGATE/> The eastern side of the site was occupied twice during the Late [[Archaic period in the Americas|Archaic period]], 3715 plus or minus 40 years before the present, during the Central Ohio Valley Phase (2750-1750 BCE) and 3090 plus or minus 50 years before the present, during the Maple Creek Phase (1750-1000 BCE).<ref name=HUEBCHEN/> The site was occupied twice during the [[Woodland period]], during the Middle Woodland (1–500 CE) with dates 83-482 CE and 258-534 CE and during the Late Woodland (500–1000 CE) with dates 655-854 CE, 668-893 CE, 692-961 CE, and 785-1017 CE. During this time period the residents of Ronald Watson relied heavily on nut resources and farmed native plants from the [[Eastern Agricultural Complex]] such as [[goosefoot]], [[erect knotweed]], [[sunflower]], and [[maygrass]].<ref name=APPLEGATE/> The Late Woodland occupation was during the Newtown Phase and was the most intensive occupation of the site.<ref name=HUEBCHEN/> The site was also occupied briefly during the [[Fort Ancient|Middle Fort Ancient period]] (1200 to 1400 CE), during the Anderson Phase.<ref name=HUEBCHEN/>
The site is a {{convert|0.4|hectare|acre|adj=on}} open habitation area on an alluvial terrace of sand and gravel beds overlooking the Ohio River.<ref name=APPLEGATE/> The eastern side of the site was occupied twice during the Late [[Archaic period in the Americas|Archaic period]], 3715 plus or minus 40 years before the present, during the Central Ohio Valley phase (2750-1750 BCE) and 3090 plus or minus 50 years before the present, during the Maple Creek phase (1750–1000 BCE).<ref name=HUEBCHEN/> The site was occupied twice during the [[Woodland period]], during the Middle Woodland (1–500 CE) with dates 83-482 CE and 258-534 CE and during the Late Woodland (500–1000 CE) with dates 655–854 CE, 668–893 CE, 692–961 CE, and 785–1017 CE. During this time period the residents of Ronald Watson relied heavily on nut resources and farmed native plants from the [[Eastern Agricultural Complex]] such as [[goosefoot]], [[erect knotweed]], [[sunflower]], and [[maygrass]].<ref name=APPLEGATE/> The Late Woodland occupation was during the Newtown phase and was the most intensive occupation of the site.<ref name=HUEBCHEN/> The site was also occupied briefly during the [[Fort Ancient|Middle Fort Ancient period]] (1200 to 1400 CE), during the Anderson phase.<ref name=HUEBCHEN/>


==See also==
==See also==

{{Portal|Kentucky}}
* [[Big Bone Lick State Park]]
* [[Big Bone Lick State Park]]
* [[Cleek-McCabe Site]]
* [[Cleek–McCabe site]]
* [[Hansen site]]
* [[Bentley site]]
* [[Thompson site]]
* [[Hardin Village site]]


==References==
==References==
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{{Pre-Columbian North America}}
{{Pre-Columbian North America}}


[[Category:Archaic period in the Americas]]
[[Category:Archaic period in North America]]
[[Category:Adena culture]]
[[Category:Adena culture]]
[[Category:Hopewellian peoples]]
[[Category:Hopewellian peoples]]
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Boone County, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Boone County, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Native American history of Kentucky]]
[[Category:Former populated places in Kentucky]]




{{Kentucky-geo-stub}}
{{BooneCountyKY-geo-stub}}
{{US-archaeology-stub}}
{{US-archaeology-stub}}

Latest revision as of 07:10, 7 September 2023

Ronald Watson Gravel site
(15 BE 249)
Ronald Watson Gravel site is located in Kentucky
Ronald Watson Gravel site
Approximate location within Kentucky today
LocationPetersburg, Kentucky, Boone County, Kentucky,  USA
RegionBoone County, Kentucky
Coordinates39°3′52.02″N 84°52′53.65″W / 39.0644500°N 84.8815694°W / 39.0644500; -84.8815694
History
CulturesLate Archaic, Woodland period, Fort Ancient culture

The Ronald Watson Gravel site (15BE249) is an archaeological site near Petersburg in Boone County, Kentucky, on an inside bend of a meander of the Ohio River. Excavations have determined that the site was occupied several times, during the Late Archaic, Middle Woodland, Late Woodland, and Middle Fort Ancient periods, although none of these are transitional occupations from one period to another.[1] It is the best documented Middle Woodland site in the Northern Bluegrass region of Kentucky.[2]

Occupations

[edit]

The site is a 0.4-hectare (0.99-acre) open habitation area on an alluvial terrace of sand and gravel beds overlooking the Ohio River.[2] The eastern side of the site was occupied twice during the Late Archaic period, 3715 plus or minus 40 years before the present, during the Central Ohio Valley phase (2750-1750 BCE) and 3090 plus or minus 50 years before the present, during the Maple Creek phase (1750–1000 BCE).[1] The site was occupied twice during the Woodland period, during the Middle Woodland (1–500 CE) with dates 83-482 CE and 258-534 CE and during the Late Woodland (500–1000 CE) with dates 655–854 CE, 668–893 CE, 692–961 CE, and 785–1017 CE. During this time period the residents of Ronald Watson relied heavily on nut resources and farmed native plants from the Eastern Agricultural Complex such as goosefoot, erect knotweed, sunflower, and maygrass.[2] The Late Woodland occupation was during the Newtown phase and was the most intensive occupation of the site.[1] The site was also occupied briefly during the Middle Fort Ancient period (1200 to 1400 CE), during the Anderson phase.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Huebchen, Karl R. (2006), The Ronald Watson Gravel Site (15Be249):An examination of the Late Woodland/Fort Ancient transition in Boone County, Kentucky (PDF), University of Cincinnati
  2. ^ a b c Applegate, Darlene (2008), "Chapter 5:Woodland period" (PDF), in Pollack, David (ed.), The Archaeology of Kentucky:an update, vol. 1, Kentucky Heritage Council, p. 484, ISBN 978-1-934492-28-4, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-08, retrieved 2010-11-05


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