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{{Infobox building
{{Infobox building
| building_name = Monheim Town Hall
| name = Monheim Town Hall
| native_building_name = Monheimer Rathaus
| native_name = Monheimer Rathaus
| former_names =
| former_names =
| alternate_names =
| alternate_names =
| image = Monheim Town Hall 1.JPG
| image = Monheim Town Hall 1.JPG
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = King [[David]] playing the [[harp]].
| caption = Ceiling of the small council chamber: King [[David]] playing the [[harp]].
| map_type =
| map_type =
| altitude =
| altitude =
| building_type = [[Town hall]]
| building_type = [[Town hall]]
| architectural_style = [[Baroque]]
| architectural_style = [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]]
| structural_system =
| structural_system =
| cost = Baroque
| cost = Baroque
| ren_cost =
| ren_cost =
| location = [[Monheim, Bavaria|Monheim]], [[Germany]]
| location = [[Monheim, Bavaria|Monheim]], [[Germany]]
| client = Abraham Elias Model
| owner = Town of Monheim
| address =
| address =
| coordinates = {{coord|48|50|N|10|50|E|type:landmark_region:DE|display=title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|48|50|N|10|50|E|type:landmark_region:DE|display=inline,title}}
| start_date = 1714
| start_date = 1714
| completion_date = 1720
| completion_date = 1720
Line 40: Line 42:
}}
}}


The '''Monheim Town Hall''' ([[German language|German]] ''Monheimer Rathaus'') serves today as a building for the city council in [[Monheim, Bavaria|Monheim]], [[Bavaria]].
'''Monheim Town Hall''' ([[German language|German]] ''Monheimer Rathaus'') is a historical building in [[Monheim, Bavaria|Monheim]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]], now owned by the city's council.


The building, constructed from 1714 to 1720 for a rich Jewish merchant, the [[Court Jew]] Abraham Elias Model, is most notable for its [[ceiling]]s, displaying motives from the [[Old Testament]], or [[Tanakh]], which were restored in 1978 and 1994 respectively.<ref name="Kostbar">{{de icon}} ''Monheim - Kleine Stadt mit grosser Vergangenheit'', page: 120-123</ref> <ref>[http://www.junge-pfalz.de/broschuere/die_junge_pfalz.pdf ''Die Junge Pfalz''] {{de icon}} ''The young Palatinate'', page: 11, accessed: 6 August 2010</ref>
The building, constructed from 1714 to 1720 for a rich Jewish merchant, the [[Court Jew]] Abraham Elias Model, is most notable for its [[ceiling]]s, displaying motifs from the [[Old Testament]], or [[Tanakh]], which were restored in 1978 and 1994 respectively.<ref name="Kostbar">{{in lang|de}} ''Monheim - Kleine Stadt mit grosser Vergangenheit'', Chapter: Jews as citizens in Monheim, by: Emeran Meyer (Mayor of Monheim 1978-84), page: 117-123</ref><ref>[http://www.junge-pfalz.de/broschuere/die_junge_pfalz.pdf ''Die Junge Pfalz''] {{in lang|de}} ''The young Palatinate'', page: 11, accessed: 6 August 2010</ref>


==History==
==History==

===The Jewish community===
===The Jewish community===
The Jewish community in Monheim was established in 1697, when Duke [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine|Johann Wilhelm]] allowed six Jewish families which had been banned from [[Eichstätt]], to settle in Monheim. The new community was allowed to acquire property in Monheim, to construct a [[Synagogue]] and to work as merchants in town. In the following years, the community grew considerably, numbering 19 families and 150 people by 1737.<ref name="Community" >[http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/monheim_synagoge.htm History of the Jewish community in Monheim] {{de icon}}, accessed: 6 August 2010</ref>
The Jewish community in Monheim was established in 1697, when Duke [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine|Johann Wilhelm]] allowed six Jewish families which had been banned from [[Eichstätt]], to settle in Monheim. The new community was allowed to acquire property in Monheim, to construct a [[Synagogue]] and to work as merchants in town. In the following years, the community grew considerably, numbering 19 families and 150 people by 1737.<ref name="Community" >[http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/monheim_synagoge.htm History of the Jewish community in Monheim] {{in lang|de}}, accessed: 6 August 2010</ref>


The prospering community however raised concerns with the local population, which was worried about eventually becoming outnumbered in town. In 1736, restrictions were passed, allowing only a limited number of weddings to be conducted by the local Jews at considerable cost. In 1741, Duke [[Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine|Charles III Philip]] passed an act banning all Jews from [[Palatinate-Neuburg]]. By the 31 July 1741, all Jews had to leave his lands and were only permitted to take with them what they could carry. No financial compensation was made for their loss of property. The Jews from Monheim left for the towns in the region not part of Palatinate-Neuburg and their origin from this town remained obvious until the [[Nazi]] era through the surname ''Monheimer''.<ref name="Community" />
The prospering community however raised concerns with the local population, which was worried about eventually becoming outnumbered in town. In 1736, restrictions were passed, allowing only a limited number of weddings to be conducted by the local Jews at considerable cost. In 1741, Duke [[Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine|Charles III Philip]] passed an act banning all Jews from [[Palatinate-Neuburg]]. By the 31 July 1741, all Jews had to leave his lands and were only permitted to take with them what they could carry. No financial compensation was made for their loss of property. The Jews from Monheim left for the towns in the region not part of Palatinate-Neuburg and their origin from Monheim remains obvious through the surname ''Monheim'' or ''Monheimer''.<ref name="Community" />


===The town hall===
===The town hall===
The location of the current town hall was acquired by Abraham Elias Model in 1712 from Ferdinand Kugler for 1,025 [[Gulden]],<ref name="Community" /> who owned a brewery and guest house at the spot, called ''Gasthaus zur Rose''. Model had the old building demolished and commissioned a new building to be constructed, which was erected between 1714 and 1720.<ref name="Kostbar" />
The location of the current town hall was acquired by Abraham Elias Model in 1712 from Ferdinand Kugler for 1,025 [[Baden gulden|Gulden]].<ref name="Community" /> The later owned a brewery and guest house at the spot, called ''Gasthaus zur Rose''. Model had the old building demolished and commissioned a new building to be constructed, which was erected between 1714 and 1720.<ref name="Kostbar" />


The new building, which was refered to in the local town chronicals as "very precious", was built in [[Baroque]] style. It was a square three-story building which was richly decorated, especially the ceilings. The main room on the first floor, now the council chambers, depict [[Abraham]] being prevented by the angel from sacrifing [[Isaac]], with a text in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] from the [[Book of Genesis ]].<ref name="Kostbar" /> <ref name="Community" />
The new building, which was referred to in the local town chronicles as "very precious", was built in [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style. It was a square three-story building which was richly decorated, especially the ceilings. The main room on the second floor, now the council chambers, depict [[Abraham]] being prevented by the angel from sacrificing [[Isaac]], with a text in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] from the [[Book of Genesis]].<ref name="Kostbar" /><ref name="Community" />


The ceiling, long hidden, was only restored in 1978.<ref name="Kostbar" /> Two more ceilings, also on the first floor, were restored in 1994. One depicts [[Moses]] receiving the [[Ten Commandments]] while the other shows King [[David]] playing the [[harp]].<ref name="Community" />
The ceiling, long hidden, was only restored in 1978.<ref name="Kostbar" /> Two more ceilings, also on the second floor, were restored in 1994. One depicts [[Moses]] receiving the [[Ten Commandments]] while the other shows King [[David]] playing the [[harp]].<ref name="Community" />


For a time it was assumed that the house also functioned as a synagogue, Monheim having a [[Rabbi]] since 1715, but this has since been disproven. Nothing is left of the former synagoge, which was located in the near-by building that later became the guest house ''Zum Ochsen''.<ref name="Kostbar" /> <ref name="Community" />
For a time it was assumed that the house also functioned as a synagogue, Monheim having had a [[Rabbi]] since 1715, but this has since been disproven. Nothing is left of the former synagogue, which was located in the nearby building that later became the guest house ''Zum Ochsen''.<ref name="Kostbar" /><ref name="Community" />


With the forced departure of the Jews in 1741, the building came into non-Jewish, private possession. In 1853, it was acquired by the town from the brewer Anton Wunderlich, to be used as a school house. For this purpose, the chamber that is now the main council chamber was subdivided into two rooms. The rooms were nevertheless insufficient to house all pupils and a separate building was constructed from 1892 to 1895 to house the school boys, while the girls stayed at the town hall. Eventually, two more, larger schools were completed, one in 1957 and 1976. With the completion of the later, the town hall ceased to be required for schooling purposes.<ref>{{in lang|de}} ''Monheim - Kleine Stadt mit grosser Vergangenheit'', Chapter: "To read and to write...", by: Dr. Paul Olbrich, page: 137-144</ref>
With the forced departure of the Jews in 1741, the building came in non-Jewish pocession. Apart from being the town hall, it also functioned as school house for a time and also housed the local [[Kindergarten]].

The ceilings on the second floor can be visited free of charge during the opening hours of the town hall, provided no marriages or council meetings take place in the rooms at the time.


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Monheim Town Hall 2.jpg|[[Isaac]] blessing [[Jacob]].
File:Monheim Town Hall 10.jpg|The main entrance to the building.
File:Monheim Town Hall 3.jpg|Jacob dreaming of the [[Jacob's Ladder|ladder to heaven]].
File:Monheim Town Hall 2.jpg|Ceiling of the main council chamber: [[Isaac]] blessing [[Jacob]].
File:Monheim Town Hall 4.jpg|[[Abraham]] and Isaac.
File:Monheim Town Hall 3.jpg|Ceiling of the main council chamber: Jacob dreaming of the [[Jacob's Ladder|ladder to heaven]].
File:Monheim Town Hall 5.jpg|[[Moses]] receiving the [[Ten Commandments]].
File:Monheim Town Hall 4.jpg|Ceiling of the main council chamber: [[Abraham]], Isaac and the angel.
File:Monheim Town Hall 7.jpg|Ceiling of the main council chamber: Scripture on [[Etz Chaim]] - the [[Tree of life]].
File:Monheim Town Hall 5.jpg|Ceiling of the small council chamber: [[Moses]] receiving the [[Ten Commandments]].
</gallery>
</gallery>

==Further reading==
⚫
* {{de icon}} ''Monheim - Kleine Stadt mit grosser Vergangenheit'',a history of Monheim, published: 1990


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
⚫
* {{in lang|de}} Various authors: ''Monheim - Kleine Stadt mit grosser Vergangenheit'', (English: ''Monheim - Little town with a big history''), publisher: Stadt Monheim, published: 1990
* {{in lang|de}} Aaron Friedmann (1855–1936): ''Die Geschichte der Juden in Monheim'' (English: ''The history of the Jews in Monheim''), Publisher: ''Blätter für jüdische Geschichte und Literatur'', published: 1902, publisher: Separatdruck Mainz, ''[[Leo Baeck Institute]]'', [[New York City]], Location: DS 135 G4 M67 F74
* {{in lang|de}} Christian Bernreuther: ''Die Synagoge der Juden in Monheim'', (English: ''The Jewish Synagogue in Monheim''), published in: ''Heimatklänge'' (part of the local newspaper for [[Wemding]] and Monheim), published: 31 October 1932

{{Commons category|Monheim Town Hall}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.monheim-bayern.de/ Official Monheim website] {{de icon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171111182000/http://www.monheim-bayern.de/ Official website] {{in lang|de}}
* [http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/monheim_synagoge.htm History of the Jewish community in Monheim] {{de icon}}
* [http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/monheim_synagoge.htm History of the Jewish community in Monheim] {{in lang|de}}


[[Category:City and town halls in Germany]]
[[Category:City and town halls in Germany]]
[[Category:Baroque architecture]]
[[Category:Baroque architecture in Bavaria]]
[[Category:1710s architecture]]
[[Category:Houses completed in 1720]]
[[Category:Palaces in Bavaria]]
[[Category:Jewish art]]
[[Category:Jewish art]]
[[Category:Jewish German history]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Donau-Ries]]
[[Category:1720 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]

Latest revision as of 03:01, 8 September 2023

Monheim Town Hall
Monheimer Rathaus
Ceiling of the small council chamber: King David playing the harp.
Map
General information
TypeTown hall
Architectural styleBaroque
LocationMonheim, Germany
Coordinates48°50′N 10°50′E / 48.833°N 10.833°E / 48.833; 10.833
Construction started1714
Completed1720
CostBaroque
ClientAbraham Elias Model
OwnerTown of Monheim
Technical details
Floor countThree

Monheim Town Hall (German Monheimer Rathaus) is a historical building in Monheim, Bavaria, Germany, now owned by the city's council.

The building, constructed from 1714 to 1720 for a rich Jewish merchant, the Court Jew Abraham Elias Model, is most notable for its ceilings, displaying motifs from the Old Testament, or Tanakh, which were restored in 1978 and 1994 respectively.[1][2]

History

[edit]

The Jewish community

[edit]

The Jewish community in Monheim was established in 1697, when Duke Johann Wilhelm allowed six Jewish families which had been banned from Eichstätt, to settle in Monheim. The new community was allowed to acquire property in Monheim, to construct a Synagogue and to work as merchants in town. In the following years, the community grew considerably, numbering 19 families and 150 people by 1737.[3]

The prospering community however raised concerns with the local population, which was worried about eventually becoming outnumbered in town. In 1736, restrictions were passed, allowing only a limited number of weddings to be conducted by the local Jews at considerable cost. In 1741, Duke Charles III Philip passed an act banning all Jews from Palatinate-Neuburg. By the 31 July 1741, all Jews had to leave his lands and were only permitted to take with them what they could carry. No financial compensation was made for their loss of property. The Jews from Monheim left for the towns in the region not part of Palatinate-Neuburg and their origin from Monheim remains obvious through the surname Monheim or Monheimer.[3]

The town hall

[edit]

The location of the current town hall was acquired by Abraham Elias Model in 1712 from Ferdinand Kugler for 1,025 Gulden.[3] The later owned a brewery and guest house at the spot, called Gasthaus zur Rose. Model had the old building demolished and commissioned a new building to be constructed, which was erected between 1714 and 1720.[1]

The new building, which was referred to in the local town chronicles as "very precious", was built in Baroque style. It was a square three-story building which was richly decorated, especially the ceilings. The main room on the second floor, now the council chambers, depict Abraham being prevented by the angel from sacrificing Isaac, with a text in Hebrew from the Book of Genesis.[1][3]

The ceiling, long hidden, was only restored in 1978.[1] Two more ceilings, also on the second floor, were restored in 1994. One depicts Moses receiving the Ten Commandments while the other shows King David playing the harp.[3]

For a time it was assumed that the house also functioned as a synagogue, Monheim having had a Rabbi since 1715, but this has since been disproven. Nothing is left of the former synagogue, which was located in the nearby building that later became the guest house Zum Ochsen.[1][3]

With the forced departure of the Jews in 1741, the building came into non-Jewish, private possession. In 1853, it was acquired by the town from the brewer Anton Wunderlich, to be used as a school house. For this purpose, the chamber that is now the main council chamber was subdivided into two rooms. The rooms were nevertheless insufficient to house all pupils and a separate building was constructed from 1892 to 1895 to house the school boys, while the girls stayed at the town hall. Eventually, two more, larger schools were completed, one in 1957 and 1976. With the completion of the later, the town hall ceased to be required for schooling purposes.[4]

The ceilings on the second floor can be visited free of charge during the opening hours of the town hall, provided no marriages or council meetings take place in the rooms at the time.

  • The main entrance to the building.
    The main entrance to the building.
  • Ceiling of the main council chamber: Isaac blessing Jacob.
    Ceiling of the main council chamber: Isaac blessing Jacob.
  • Ceiling of the main council chamber: Jacob dreaming of the ladder to heaven.
    Ceiling of the main council chamber: Jacob dreaming of the ladder to heaven.
  • Ceiling of the main council chamber: Abraham, Isaac and the angel.
    Ceiling of the main council chamber: Abraham, Isaac and the angel.
  • Ceiling of the main council chamber: Scripture on Etz Chaim - the Tree of life.
    Ceiling of the main council chamber: Scripture on Etz Chaim - the Tree of life.
  • Ceiling of the small council chamber: Moses receiving the Ten Commandments.
    Ceiling of the small council chamber: Moses receiving the Ten Commandments.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e (in German) Monheim - Kleine Stadt mit grosser Vergangenheit, Chapter: Jews as citizens in Monheim, by: Emeran Meyer (Mayor of Monheim 1978-84), page: 117-123
  2. ^ Die Junge Pfalz (in German) The young Palatinate, page: 11, accessed: 6 August 2010
  3. ^ a b c d e f History of the Jewish community in Monheim (in German), accessed: 6 August 2010
  4. ^ (in German) Monheim - Kleine Stadt mit grosser Vergangenheit, Chapter: "To read and to write...", by: Dr. Paul Olbrich, page: 137-144

Sources

[edit]
  • (in German) Various authors: Monheim - Kleine Stadt mit grosser Vergangenheit, (English: Monheim - Little town with a big history), publisher: Stadt Monheim, published: 1990
  • (in German) Aaron Friedmann (1855–1936): Die Geschichte der Juden in Monheim (English: The history of the Jews in Monheim), Publisher: Blätter für jüdische Geschichte und Literatur, published: 1902, publisher: Separatdruck Mainz, Leo Baeck Institute, New York City, Location: DS 135 G4 M67 F74
  • (in German) Christian Bernreuther: Die Synagoge der Juden in Monheim, (English: The Jewish Synagogue in Monheim), published in: Heimatklänge (part of the local newspaper for Wemding and Monheim), published: 31 October 1932
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