Hugh Pughe Lloyd: Difference between revisions

Sir Hugh Lloyd
Sir Hugh Lloyd
	Air Vice Marshal Lloyd, AOC Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Forces, stands beside the Bristol Beaufighter in which he flew to Britain, 18 March 1944
Born	12 December 1894; Leigh, Worcestershire
Died	14 July 1981 (aged 86)
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service / branch	British Army (1915–18); Royal Air Force (1918–53)
Years of service	1915–1953
Rank	Air Chief Marshal
Commands	Bomber Command (1950–53); Far East Air Force (1947–49); Tiger Force (1945); Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force (1943–44); Northwest African Coastal Air Force (1943); No. 201 Group RAF (1942); AHQ Malta (1941–42); RAF Marham (1939); No. 9 Squadron RAF (1939)
Battles / wars	First World War; Second World War
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire; Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath; Military Cross; Distinguished Flying Cross; Mentioned in Despatches; Officer of the Legion of Honour (France); Croix de Guerre (France); Officer of the Legion of Merit (United States)

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Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Pughe Lloyd, GBE, KCB, MC, DFC (12 December 1894 – 14 July 1981) was a senior Royal Air Force commander.

RAF career

Lloyd joined the Royal Engineers as a sapper in 1915 during the First World War:^[1] he was wounded in action three times before enlisting as a cadet in the Royal Flying Corps in 1917 and joining No. 52 Squadron,^[1] flying the RE.8 on army co-operation missions. After the war, he remained with the recently formed Royal Air Force on a permanent commission.^[1]

In January 1939 Lloyd became Officer Commanding No. 9 Squadron,^[1] equipped with Wellingtons. Later in 1939, with the Second World War under way, he was promoted to group captain and given command of RAF Marham.^[1] His stay at RAF Marham was brief and in November he was appointed to the staff of No. 3 Group and, in May 1940, he became Senior Air Staff Officer at No. 2 Group.^[1]

On 1 June 1941, Lloyd was appointed Air Officer Commanding in Malta,^[1] with the difficult task of protecting the island from German and Italian air attacks as well as attacking Axis shipping delivering supplies to Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps in North Africa. However, his lack of knowledge of fighter tactics^[2] and the dominance of the Messerschmitt Bf 109F against the outdated Hawker Hurricane, prolonged the Siege of Malta. When Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring was appointed to lead the Axis air-offensive from December 1941, RAF Command at last reacted. After installing a fighter control room similar to those in the United Kingdom, from April 1942 they assigned the island two squadrons of Supermarine Spitfires totaling 47 aircraft, which led later that year to the Allies moving to an offensive campaign.

Lloyd was assigned to RAF headquarters in the Middle East as Senior Air Staff Officer in 1942 and commanded the Northwest African Coastal Air Force^[3] and then the Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force in 1943.^[1] His role there was to carry out harrying of enemy transport by land and sea.^[4] In November 1944 he was appointed commander designate of Tiger Force,^[1] a Commonwealth heavy bomber force which was intended to join the air offensive against Japan but was disbanded shortly after the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki effectively ended the war.^[5]

Postwar years

After two years as senior instructor at the Imperial Defence College, Lloyd was made Air Officer Commanding Air Command Far East, later retitled Far East Air Force.^[1] He was made Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Bomber Command in February 1950 before he retired in June 1953.^[1]

Lloyd was President of the London Welsh Trust, which runs the London Welsh Centre, from 1962 until 1964.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Air Chf Marshal Sir Hugh Lloyd
^ Holland, James (2003). Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege 1940-43. London: Orion. ISBN 978-0752852881.
^ "Northwest African Coastal Air Force". Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
^ "Public Relations Release, No.23 Squadron, February 1944". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
^ John Herington Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 3 – Air: Volume IV – Air Power Over Europe, 1944–1945 (1st edition, 1963); "Chapter 18 The Last Battles : The Way Home". (Australian War Memorial), p. 449
^ "Our Former Presidents: London Welsh Centre". London Welsh Centre website. London Welsh Centre. 2010. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal (1894-1981)}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
 {{Infobox military person
 |name= Sir Hugh Lloyd
+|image= Hugh Lloyd with Beaufighter March 1944 IWM TR 1593.jpg
-|birth_date=12 December 1894
+|image_size=
-|death_date=14 July 1981
+|alt=
-|birth_place=[[Leigh, Worcestershire|Leigh]], [[Worcestershire]]
-|death_place=
-|placeofburial=
-|placeofburial_label= Place of burial
-|image=  Hugh Lloyd with Beaufighter March 1944 IWM TR 1593.jpg
-|image_size=300px
 |caption= Air Vice Marshal Lloyd, AOC Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Forces, stands beside the [[Bristol Beaufighter]] in which he flew to Britain, 18 March 1944
 |nickname=
+|birth_date= {{birth date|1894|12|12|df=yes}}
-|allegiance={{flag|United Kingdom}}
+|birth_place= [[Leigh, Worcestershire]]
-|serviceyears=  1915&ndash;1953
+|death_date= {{death date and age|1981|07|14|1894|12|12|df=yes}}
+|death_place=
+|placeofburial=
+|allegiance= United Kingdom
+|branch= [[British Army]] (1915–18)<br/>[[Royal Air Force]] (1918–53)
+|serviceyears= 1915–1953
 |rank= [[Air Chief Marshal]]
+|servicenumber=
-|branch= {{air force|United Kingdom}}
+|unit=
-|commands=[[No. IX Squadron RAF|No. 9 Squadron]]<br>[[RAF Marham]]<br>[[Malta]]<br>[[Northwest African Coastal Air Force]]<br>Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force<br>[[Tiger Force (air)|Tiger Force]]<br>[[Far East Air Force (Royal Air Force)|Far East Air Force]]<br>[[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]]
+|commands= [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]] (1950–53)<br/>[[Far East Air Force (Royal Air Force)|Far East Air Force]] (1947–49)<br/>[[Tiger Force (air)|Tiger Force]] (1945)<br/>Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force (1943–44)<br/>[[Northwest African Coastal Air Force]] (1943)<br/>[[No. 201 Group RAF]] (1942)<br/>[[AHQ Malta]] (1941–42)<br/>[[RAF Marham]] (1939)<br/>[[No. 9 Squadron RAF]] (1939)
-|unit=
-|battles=[[World War I]]<br>[[World War II]]
+|battles= [[First World War]]<br/>[[Second World War]]
-|awards=[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]]<br>[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]]<br>[[Military Cross]]<br>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]
+|awards= [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]]<br/>[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]]<br/>[[Military Cross]]<br/>[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]<br/>[[Mentioned in Despatches]]<br/>[[Officer of the Legion of Honour]] (France)<br/>[[Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de Guerre]] (France)<br/>[[Officer of the Legion of Merit]] (United States)
+|relations=
 |laterwork=
 }}
-[[Air Chief Marshal]] '''Sir Hugh Pughe Lloyd''' [[Order of the British Empire|GBE]], [[Order of the Bath|KCB]], [[Military Cross|MC]], [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|DFC]], [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] (12 December 1894 &ndash; 14 July 1981) was a senior [[Royal Air Force]] commander.
+[[Air Chief Marshal]] '''Sir Hugh Pughe Lloyd''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GBE|KCB|MC|DFC}} (12 December 1894 – 14 July 1981) was a senior [[Royal Air Force]] commander.
 ==RAF career==
-Lloyd joined the [[Royal Engineers]] as a [[sapper]] in 1915 during [[World War I]]:<ref name=air>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/LloydH.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Air Chf Marshal Sir Hugh Lloyd]</ref> he was wounded in action three times before enlisting as a cadet in the [[Royal Flying Corps]] in 1917 and joining [[No. 52 Squadron RAF|No 52 Squadron]],<ref name=air/> flying the [[Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8|RE.8]] on army co-operation missions. After the war, he remained with the RFC (which became the [[Royal Air Force]] in 1918) on a permanent [[commissioned officer|commission]].<ref name=air/>
+Lloyd joined the [[Royal Engineers]] as a [[sapper]] in 1915 during the [[First World War]]:<ref name=air>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/LloydH.htm Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Air Chf Marshal Sir Hugh Lloyd]</ref> he was wounded in action three times before enlisting as a cadet in the [[Royal Flying Corps]] in 1917 and joining [[No. 52 Squadron RAF|No. 52 Squadron]],<ref name=air/> flying the [[Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8|RE.8]] on army co-operation missions. After the war, he remained with the recently formed [[Royal Air Force]] on a permanent [[commissioned officer|commission]].<ref name=air/>
-In January 1939 he became [[Officer Commanding]] [[No. IX Squadron RAF|No. 9 Squadron]],<ref name=air/> equipped with [[Vickers Wellington|Wellingtons]]. Later in 1939, with [[World War II]] under way, he was promoted to [[Group Captain]] and given command of [[RAF Marham]].<ref name=air/> His stay at RAF Marham was brief and in November 1939 he was appointed to the staff of [[No. 3 Group RAF|No. 3 Group]] and, in May 1940, he became Senior Air Staff Officer at [[No. 2 Group RAF|No. 2 Group]].<ref name=air/>
+In January 1939 Lloyd became [[Officer Commanding]] [[No. 9 Squadron RAF|No. 9 Squadron]],<ref name=air/> equipped with [[Vickers Wellington|Wellingtons]]. Later in 1939, with the [[Second World War]] under way, he was promoted to [[group captain]] and given command of [[RAF Marham]].<ref name=air/> His stay at RAF Marham was brief and in November he was appointed to the staff of [[No. 3 Group RAF|No. 3 Group]] and, in May 1940, he became Senior Air Staff Officer at [[No. 2 Group RAF|No. 2 Group]].<ref name=air/>
-On 1 June 1941, he was appointed Air Officer Commanding in [[Malta]],<ref name=air/> with the difficult task of protecting the island from German and Italian air attacks as well as attacking Axis shipping delivering supplies to [[Rommel|Rommel's]] ''[[Afrika Korps]]'' in North Africa. However, his lack of knowledge of fighter tactics and the dominance of the [[Messerschmidt Bf109E]] against the outdated [[Hawker Hurricane]], lead directly to the [[Siege of Malta (World War II)|Siege of Malta]].
+On 1 June 1941, Lloyd was appointed Air Officer Commanding in [[AHQ Malta|Malta]],<ref name=air/> with the difficult task of protecting the island from German and Italian air attacks as well as attacking Axis shipping delivering supplies to [[Erwin Rommel]]'s ''[[Afrika Korps]]'' in North Africa. However, his lack of knowledge of fighter tactics<ref>{{cite book | title = Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege 1940-43 | publisher=Orion |first = James | last = Holland| location=London | year=2003| isbn=978-0752852881}}</ref> and the dominance of the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants#Bf 109F|Messerschmitt Bf 109F]] against the outdated [[Hawker Hurricane]], prolonged the [[Siege of Malta (World War II)|Siege of Malta]]. When [[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Albert Kesselring]] was appointed to lead the Axis air-offensive from December 1941, RAF Command at last reacted. After installing a fighter control room similar to those in the United Kingdom, from April 1942 they assigned the island two squadrons of [[Supermarine Spitfire]]s totaling 47 aircraft, which led later that year to the Allies moving to an offensive campaign.
-He was assigned to RAF headquarters in the Middle East as Senior Air Staff Officer in 1942 and commanded the [[Northwest African Coastal Air Force]]<ref>[http://www.warwingsart.com/12thAirForce/nacaf.html Northwest African Coastal Air Force]</ref> and then the Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force in 1943.<ref name=air/> His role there was to carry out harrying of enemy transport by land and sea.<ref>[http://3.www.historyofwar.org/Pictures/pictures_no23sqn_pr_feb_44_base.html Public Relations Release, No.23 Squadron, February 1944]</ref> In February 1945 he began planning and eventually took command of [[Tiger Force (air)|Tiger Force]],<ref name=air/> a Commonwealth heavy bomber force which was intended to join the air offensive against Japan but was disbanded shortly after the nuclear bombings of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]] effectively ended the war.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/chapter.asp?volume=29 John Herington ''Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 3 &mdash; Air: Volume IV – Air Power Over Europe, 1944–1945'' (1st edition, 1963); "Chapter 18 The Last Battles : The Way Home".] (Australian War Memorial), p. 449</ref>
+Lloyd was assigned to RAF headquarters in the Middle East as Senior Air Staff Officer in 1942 and commanded the [[Northwest African Coastal Air Force]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.warwingsart.com/12thAirForce/nacaf.html |title=Northwest African Coastal Air Force |access-date=2 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017032910/http://www.warwingsart.com/12thAirForce/nacaf.html |archive-date=17 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and then the Mediterranean Allied Coastal Air Force in 1943.<ref name=air/> His role there was to carry out harrying of enemy transport by land and sea.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://3.www.historyofwar.org/Pictures/pictures_no23sqn_pr_feb_44_base.html |title=Public Relations Release, No.23 Squadron, February 1944 |access-date=2 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726151724/http://3.www.historyofwar.org/Pictures/pictures_no23sqn_pr_feb_44_base.html |archive-date=26 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In November 1944 he was appointed commander designate of [[Tiger Force (air)|Tiger Force]],<ref name=air/> a Commonwealth heavy bomber force which was intended to join the air offensive against Japan but was disbanded shortly after the nuclear bombings of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]] effectively ended the war.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/chapter.asp?volume=29 John Herington ''Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 3 – Air: Volume IV – Air Power Over Europe, 1944–1945'' (1st edition, 1963); "Chapter 18 The Last Battles : The Way Home".] (Australian War Memorial), p. 449</ref>
 ==Postwar years==
-After two years as senior instructor at the [[Imperial Defence College]], he was made Air Officer Commanding Air Command Far East, later retitled [[Far East Air Force (Royal Air Force)|Far East Air Force]].<ref name=air/> He was made Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]] in February 1950 before he retired in June 1953.<ref name=air/>
+After two years as senior instructor at the [[Imperial Defence College]], Lloyd was made Air Officer Commanding Air Command Far East, later retitled [[Far East Air Force (Royal Air Force)|Far East Air Force]].<ref name=air/> He was made Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]] in February 1950 before he retired in June 1953.<ref name=air/>
-Lloyd was President of the London Welsh Trust, which runs the [[London Welsh Centre]], from 1962 until 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonwelsh.org/archives/1796 |title=Our Former Presidents: London Welsh Centre |publisher=[[London Welsh Centre]] |year=2010 |accessdate=4&nbsp;February&nbsp;2011|work=[[London Welsh Centre]] website}}</ref>
+Lloyd was President of the London Welsh Trust, which runs the [[London Welsh Centre]], from 1962 until 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonwelsh.org/archives/1796 |title=Our Former Presidents: London Welsh Centre |publisher=[[London Welsh Centre]] |year=2010 |accessdate=4 February 2011 |work=[[London Welsh Centre]] website |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720025944/http://www.londonwelsh.org/archives/1796 |archivedate=20 July 2011 }}</ref>
-==Honours and awards==
-* [[Order of the British Empire|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]] - 1 June 1953 (KBE - 31 July 1942, CBE - 24 September 1941)
-* [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] - 7 June 1951 (CB - 1 January 1942)
-* [[Military Cross]] - 22 June 1918
-* [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] - 8 February 1919
-* [[Mentioned in Despatches]] - 8 May 1936
-* [[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de Guerre]] with Palm and Star (France) - 21 September 1918
-* Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]] (France) - 1944
-* Officer of the [[Legion of Merit]] (United States) - 11 April 1944
-* [[Honorary degree|Hon]] [[Doctor of Law]]  ([[University of Wales]])
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{reflist|30em}}
+==Further reading==
 * Lloyd, Sir Hugh, ''Briefed to attack: Malta's Part in African Victory'' (Hodder & Stoughton, 1949) (which inspired the film ''[[Malta Story]]'')
 {{s-start}}
 {{s-mil}}
-|-
 {{s-bef|before=[[George Pirie (RAF officer)|Sir George Pirie]]}}
-{{s-ttl|title=AOC-in-C [[Air Command Far East]]<br><small>Redesignated AOC-in-C [[Far East Air Force (Royal Air Force)|Far East Air Force]] from 1 June 1949 onwards</small>|years=1947&ndash;1949}}
+{{s-ttl|title=AOC-in-C [[Far East Air Force (Royal Air Force)|Air Command Far East]]<br><small>Redesignated AOC-in-C [[Far East Air Force (Royal Air Force)|Far East Air Force]] from 1 June 1949 onwards</small>|years=1947–1949}}
 {{s-aft|after=[[Francis Fogarty|Sir Francis Fogarty]]}}
 |-
-{{succession box| title=Commander-in-Chief [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]]| before=[[Aubrey Ellwood (RAF officer)|Sir Aubrey Ellwood]]| after=[[George Mills (RAF officer)|Sir George Mills]]|years=1950&ndash;1953}}
+{{succession box| title=Commander-in-Chief [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]]| before=[[Aubrey Ellwood (RAF officer)|Sir Aubrey Ellwood]]| after=[[George Mills (RAF officer)|Sir George Mills]]|years=1950–1953}}
 {{s-end}}
-{{Authority control|VIAF=103582206}}
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Lloyd, Hugh Pugh
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Royal Air Force air marshals
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 12 December 1894
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Leigh, Worcestershire|Leigh]], [[Worcestershire]]
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 14 July 1981
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Lloyd, Hugh Pugh}}
 [[Category:1894 births]]
@@ Line 78: / Line 63: @@
 [[Category:Royal Air Force air marshals]]
 [[Category:Royal Flying Corps officers]]
-[[Category:Royal Engineers officers]]
+[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
+[[Category:Royal Engineers soldiers]]
+[[Category:Academics of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]
 [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]]
 [[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
@@ Line 84: / Line 71: @@
 [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)]]
 [[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)]]
-[[Category:Officiers of the Légion d'honneur]]
+[[Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
 [[Category:Officers of the Legion of Merit]]
-[[Category:People from Malvern Hills (district)]]
+[[Category:People from Malvern Hills District]]
+[[Category:Military personnel from Worcestershire]]

Military offices
Preceded by Sir George Pirie	AOC-in-C Air Command Far East Redesignated AOC-in-C Far East Air Force from 1 June 1949 onwards 1947–1949	Succeeded by Sir Francis Fogarty
Preceded by Sir Aubrey Ellwood	Commander-in-Chief Bomber Command 1950–1953	Succeeded by Sir George Mills

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF WorldCat
National	United States Poland