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{{Short description|None}}
{{Prose|date=March 2023}}
'''Manhunting''' is a term sometimes used for military operations by [[special operations forces]] and [[Intelligence agency|intelligence organizations]] to search for, and capture or kill important enemy combatants, known as [[high-value target]]s. It has been used particularly in the United States during the [[War on Terror]].<ref>Seymour M. Hersh, ''Moving Targets'', New Yorker, December 15, 2003 accessed at [http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/12/15/031215fa_fact?printable=true] on 13 Feb 2008</ref>
'''Manhunting''' is a term sometimes used for military operations by [[special operations forces]] and [[Intelligence agency|intelligence organizations]] to search for, and capture or kill important enemy combatants, known as [[high-value target]]s. It has been used particularly in the United States during the [[War on Terror]].<ref>Seymour M. Hersh, ''Moving Targets'', New Yorker, December 15, 2003 accessed at [http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/12/15/031215fa_fact?printable=true] on 13 Feb 2008</ref>


The most visible such operations conducted involve [[counterterrorist]] activities. Some involve government-sanctioned [[targeted killing]] or [[extrajudicial execution]], and such operations have drawn political and legal controversy. Other military operations, such as [[hostage rescue]] or [[personnel recovery]], employ similar tactics and techniques.
The most visible such operations conducted involve [[counterterrorist]] activities. Some involve government-sanctioned [[targeted killing]] or [[extrajudicial execution]], and such operations have drawn political and legal controversy. Other military operations, such as [[hostage rescue]] or [[personnel recovery]], employ similar tactics and techniques.
The term has been used for some US operations such as [[Operation Red Dawn]], the apprehension of [[Saddam Hussein]],<ref>Simone Payment, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lbAa-fk6gjsC ''Finding and Capturing Saddam Hussein: A Successful Military Manhunt''], The Rosen Publishing Group, 2005, {{ISBN|1-4042-0280-3}}</ref> the search for [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]],<ref>Chris Cuomo and Eamon McNiff, [https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Terrorism/story?id=2056386&page=1 "The Men in the Shadows – Hunting al-Zarqawi: Task Force 145 Is an Elite Special Ops Unit That Spent Years Tracking al-Zarqawi,"] ABC News, June 9, 2006</ref> and the [[Death of Osama bin Laden|killing of Osama bin Laden]] in May 2011.
The term has been used for some US operations such as [[Operation Red Dawn]], the apprehension of [[Saddam Hussein]],<ref>Simone Payment, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lbAa-fk6gjsC ''Finding and Capturing Saddam Hussein: A Successful Military Manhunt''], The Rosen Publishing Group, 2005, {{ISBN|1-4042-0280-3}}</ref> the search for [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]],<ref>Chris Cuomo and Eamon McNiff, [https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Terrorism/story?id=2056386&page=1 "The Men in the Shadows – Hunting al-Zarqawi: Task Force 145 Is an Elite Special Ops Unit That Spent Years Tracking al-Zarqawi,"] ABC News, June 9, 2006</ref> and the [[Death of Osama bin Laden|killing of Osama bin Laden]] in May 2011.

== Notable military manhunts ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Conflict
!Combatant
!Pursuer
!Bounty
!Duration
!Outcome
!Notable Remarks
!Captor/Killer(s)
|-
|72-71BC
|[[Third Servile War]]
|[[Spartacus]]
|[[Roman army of the late Republic|Roman Army]]
|
|12 months
|[[Killed in action|Killed]]
|
|Unknown, [[Marcus Licinius Crassus|Marcus Crassus]] (CO)
|-
|1781
|[[American Revolutionary War|American Revolution]]
|[[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]]
|[[Continental Army]]
|
|21 days
|[[Siege of Yorktown|Surrendered]] >Imprisoned
|"I have the mortification to inform your Excellency that I have been forced to surrender the troops under my command as prisoners of war to the combined forces of America and France." —Cornwallis<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/cornwallis-to-clinton/|title=DOCUMENT: Cornwallis to Clinton {{!}} October 20, 1781|website=Teaching American History}}</ref>
|[[Benjamin Lincoln]] (CO)
|-
|1836
|[[Texas Revolution]]
|[[Antonio López de Santa Anna|Santa Anna]]
|[[Texian Army]]
|
|3 days
|[[Battle of San Jacinto|Captured]] > Imprisoned
|"I am General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna and a prisoner of war at your disposition." —Santa Anna<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Library of Historic Characters and Famous Events of All Nations and All Ages|year=1906|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdZIAQAAIAAJ|pages=302}}</ref>
|[[James Austin Sylvester|James Sylvester]], [[Sion Record Bostick|Sion Bostick]]
|-
|1865
|[[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|American Civil War]]
|[[John Wilkes Booth]]
|[[Union Army]]
|'''$50,000''' <small>(~$2.5M in 2018)</small>
|12 days
|Captured > Killed
|"I prefer to come out and fight." —Booth<ref>{{Cite book|title=Abraham Lincoln and Boston Corbett|url=https://archive.org/details/abrahamlincolna00johngoog|last=Johnson|first=Byron Berkeley|year=1914 |page=[https://archive.org/details/abrahamlincolna00johngoog/page/n38 34]}}</ref>
|[[Boston Corbett]],
[[Edward P. Doherty|Edward Doherty]] (CO)
|-
|1865
|[[President of the Confederate States of America|American Civil War]]
|[[Jefferson Davis]]
|[[Union Army]]
|'''$100,000''' <small>(~$5M in 2018)</small>
|31 days
|[[Jefferson Davis Memorial Historic Site|Captured]] > Imprisoned
|
|Unknown, [[James H. Wilson|James Wilson]] (CO)
|-
|1885-1886
|[[Apache Wars|American Indian Wars]]
|[[Geronimo]]
|[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
|
|1 year, 3 mnths, 18 days
|Surrendered >Imprisoned
|"Once I moved about like the wind. Now I surrender to you and that is all." —Geronimo<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West|last=Brown|first=Dee|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JUkoA29CFRsC|pages=472}}</ref>
|[[Charles B. Gatewood|Charles Bare Gatewood]] (CO)
|-
|1916-1917
|[[Pancho Villa Expedition|Mexican Border War]]
|[[Pancho Villa]]
|[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
|'''$100,000''' <small>($1.9M in 2018)</small>
|10 mths, 24 days
|Failed
|
|[[John J. Pershing]] (CO)
|-
|1941-1943
|[[Attack on Pearl Harbor|World War II]]
|[[Isoroku Yamamoto]]
|[[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Military]]
|
|1 year,
4 mths, 11 days
|[[Operation Vengeance|Killed]]
|"A military man can scarcely pride himself on having 'smitten a sleeping enemy'; it is more a matter of shame, simply, for the one smitten. I would rather you made your appraisal after seeing what the enemy does, since it is certain that, angered and outraged, he will soon launch a determined counterattack." —Yamamoto<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Reluctant Admiral: Yamamoto and the Imperial Navy|last=阿川|first=弘之|publisher=Kodansha International|year=1979|pages=285}}</ref>
|[[Rex T. Barber|Rex Barber]]
|-
|1945-1960
|[[The Holocaust|World War II]]
|[[Adolf Eichmann]]
|[[Mossad]]
|
|15 years, 4 days
|[[Adolf Eichmann|Captured]] > Executed
|"To sum it all up, I must say that I regret nothing." —Eichmann<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eichman|first=Adolf|date=December 5, 1960|title='To Sum It All Up, I Regret Nothing'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=900EAAAAMBAJ|journal=Life Magazine|volume=49|pages=158}}</ref>
|Unknown, [[Peter Malkin]] (CO)
|-
|1966-1967
|[[Ñancahuazú Guerrilla|Cold War]]
|[[Che Guevara]]
|[[United States Army|U.S. Military]]
|
|11 mths,
6 days
|[[Che Guevara|Captured]] > Executed
|"Do not shoot! I am Che Guevara and I am worth more to you alive than dead." —Guevara<ref>{{Cite book|title=Trained to Kill: The Inside Story of CIA Plots against Castro, Kennedy, and Che|last=Veciana|first=Antonio|publisher=Skyhorse|year=Apr 18, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kN2LDAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
|Unknown, [[Félix Rodríguez (soldier)|Félix Rodríguez]] (CO)
|-
|1989
|[[United States invasion of Panama|War on Drugs]]
|[[Manuel Noriega]]
|[[United States Army|U.S. Military]]
|'''$1M''' <small>($2M in 2018)</small>
|14 days
|[[United States invasion of Panama|Surrendered]] >Imprisoned
|"I am General Noriega and I am surrendering to U.S. forces." —Noriega<ref>{{Cite book|title=Wanted Dead or Alive: Manhunts from Geronimo to Bin Laden|last=Runkle|first=Benjamin|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbFLWGHj20cC|pages=128}}</ref>
|[[Rene De La Cova]], [[Drug Enforcement Administration]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/11d0abe184c71b44ae75fdede856c27a|title=Agent Who Arrested Noriega Sentenced on Theft Charge|date=March 25, 1994|work=Associated Press}}</ref>
|-
|1993
|[[United Nations Operation in Somalia II|Somali Civil War]]
|[[Mohamed Farrah Aidid]]
|[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
|'''$25,000''' <small>($43,400 in 2018)</small>
|1 month, 21 days
|[[Operation Gothic Serpent|Failed]]
|
|[[William F. Garrison]] (CO)
|-
|1992-1993
|[[Medellín Cartel|War on Drugs]]
|[[Pablo Escobar]]
|[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
|
|1 year,
4 mnths, 10 days
|[[Search Bloc|Killed]]
|"I prefer to be in the grave in Colombia than in a jail cell in the United States." —Escobar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/ad/cocainenomics-wanted|title=WANTED: DEAD OR ALIVE|last=Green|first=Peter S.|website=Wall Street Journal Custom Studios}}</ref>
|Unknown, [[Hugo Martínez (police officer)|Hugo Martínez]] (CO)
|-
|2001-2011
|[[September 11 attacks|War on Terror]]
|[[Osama bin Laden]]
|[[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Military]]
|'''$25M''' <small>($35.4M in 2018)</small>
|9 years, 7 mnths, 21 days
|[[Death of Osama bin Laden|Killed]]
|"For God and country—Geronimo, Geronimo, Geronimo" — Robert O'Neill<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/08/08/getting-bin-laden|title=Getting Bin Laden|last=Schmidle|first=Nicholas|date=August 1, 2011|work=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref>
|[[Robert J. O'Neill (U.S. Navy SEAL)|Robert J. O'Neill]], [[No Easy Day|Matt Bissonnette]]
|-
|2001-2022
|[[September 11 attacks|War on Terror]]
|[[Ayman al-Zawahiri]]
|[[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Military]]
|'''$25M''' <small>($41.8M in 2022)</small>
|20 years, 10 mnths, 20 days
|[[Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri|Killed]]
|"We made it clear; no matter how long it takes; no matter where you hide, if you are a threat to our people, America will find you and take you out..We do not break. We never give in. We never back down" — [[Joe Biden|President Biden]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhury |first=Maureen |date=Aug 1, 2022 |title=Biden announces US killing of al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri |work=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/biden-counter-terrorism-remarks-08-01-22/index.html |access-date=Aug 1, 2022}}</ref>
|Classified ([[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Drone Strike)
|-
|2003
|[[Iraq War|War on Terror]]
|[[Saddam Hussein]]
|[[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Military]]
|'''$25M''' <small>($34.8M in 2018)</small>
|8 mnths, 23 days
|[[Operation Red Dawn|Captured]] > Executed
|"I am Saddam Hussein the president of Iraq and I am willing to negotiate." — Saddam Hussein<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/dec/16/iraq.rorymccarthy|title='I am Saddam Hussein the president of Iraq and I am willing to negotiate'|last=McCarty|first=Rory|date=December 15, 2003|work=The Guardian}}</ref>
|[[Steve Russell (politician)|Steve Russell]], [[James Hickey (soldier)|James Hickey]] (CO)
|-
|2003
|[[Iraq War|War on Terror]]
|[[Qusay Hussein|Qusay]] & [[Uday Hussein]]
|[[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Military]]
|'''$30M''' <small>($40.8M in 2018)</small>
|4 mnths, 2 days
|[[Killing of Qusay and Uday Hussein|Killed]]
|"These killers are the enemies of Iraq's people...wherever they operate, they are being hunted, and they will be defeated...Yesterday, the careers of two of the regime's chief henchmen came to an end. Saddam Hussein's sons were responsible for torture, maiming and murder of countless Iraqis." — [[George W. Bush|President W. Bush]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/07/text/20030723-1.html|title=President Bush Discusses Progress in Iraq|last=Bush|first=George W.|date=July 23, 2003|website=George W Bush White House Archives}}</ref>
|Classified ([[Task Force 20|Delta Force TF 20]], [[101st Airborne Division|101st Airborne]])
|-
|2003-2006
|[[Iraq War|War on Terror]]
|[[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]]
|[[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Military]]
|'''$25M''' <small>($31.1M in 2018)</small>
|3 years, 2 mnths, 18 days
|[[Operation Larchwood 4|Killed]]
|"America has realized today that its tanks, armies and Shia agents will not be able to end the battle with the Mujahideen." — al-Zarqawi<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/abu-musab-al-zarqawi-in-quotes-1.786124|title=Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in quotes|date=June 8, 2006|work=The Irish Times}}</ref>
|Classified ([[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]] pilot)
|-
|2011-2019
|[[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|War on Terror]]
|[[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]
|[[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Military]]
|'''$10M''' <small>($11.3M in 2019)</small>
|8 years, 5 mnths, 21 days
|[[Barisha raid|Suicide]]
|"He died like a dog. He died like a coward. The world is now a much safer place." — [[Donald Trump|President Trump]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/27/us/trump-transcript-isis-al-baghdadi.html|title=Transcript of Trump's Remarks on the Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi|date=October 27, 2019|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
|[[Delta Force]]
|-
|2016-2018
|[[Sinaloa Cartel|War on Drugs]]
|[[Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán|El Chapo]]
|[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
|'''$5M''' <small>($5.1M in 2018)</small>
|5 mnths, 28 days
|[[Operation Black Swan|Captured]] >Imprisoned
|"You are all going to die." — El Chapo<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/17/world/americas/mexico-el-chapo-sinaloa-sean-penn.html|title=How El Chapo Was Finally Captured, Again|last=Ahmed|first=Azam|date=January 16, 2016|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
|Classified ([[Fuerzas Especiales]] and
[[Delta Force]] soldiers)
|-
|2019-
2022
|[[War on terror|War on Terror]]
|[[Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi]]
|US [[Joint Special Operations Command]]
|'''$10M''' (in 2019)
|2 years, 3 mnths, 3 days
|[[Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi|Suicide]]
|"As a final act of desperate cowardice, with no regard to the lives of his own family or others in the building, he chose to blow himself up...This horrible terrorist leader is no more." — [[Joe Biden|President Biden]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 3, 2022|title=President Biden on Counterterrorism Raid in Syria|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?517708-1/president-biden-islamic-state-leader-blew-counterrorism-raid-syria|website=C-SPAN}}</ref>
|[[Delta Force]]
|}


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 239: Line 10:


* [[Assassination]]
* [[Assassination]]
* [[Combat tracking]]
* [[Targeted killing]]
* [[Targeted killing]]
* [[Manhunt (law enforcement)]]
* [[Manhunt (law enforcement)]]

Latest revision as of 17:27, 24 September 2023

Manhunting is a term sometimes used for military operations by special operations forces and intelligence organizations to search for, and capture or kill important enemy combatants, known as high-value targets. It has been used particularly in the United States during the War on Terror.[1]

The most visible such operations conducted involve counterterrorist activities. Some involve government-sanctioned targeted killing or extrajudicial execution, and such operations have drawn political and legal controversy. Other military operations, such as hostage rescue or personnel recovery, employ similar tactics and techniques.

The term has been used for some US operations such as Operation Red Dawn, the apprehension of Saddam Hussein,[2] the search for Abu Musab al-Zarqawi,[3] and the killing of Osama bin Laden in May 2011.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Seymour M. Hersh, Moving Targets, New Yorker, December 15, 2003 accessed at [1] on 13 Feb 2008
  2. ^ Simone Payment, Finding and Capturing Saddam Hussein: A Successful Military Manhunt, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2005, ISBN 1-4042-0280-3
  3. ^ Chris Cuomo and Eamon McNiff, "The Men in the Shadows – Hunting al-Zarqawi: Task Force 145 Is an Elite Special Ops Unit That Spent Years Tracking al-Zarqawi," ABC News, June 9, 2006
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