Lanthanum hydroxide: Difference between revisions

Lanthanum(III) hydroxide
	; __ La3+ __ OH−
Names
	IUPAC name Lanthanum(III) hydroxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	14507-19-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	119053;
ECHA InfoCard	100.034.994
EC Number	238-510-2;
PubChem CID	135111;
UNII	7PTY21U5YN ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5065778 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/La.3H2O/h;3*1H2 Key: YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K;
	SMILES [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	La(OH)3
Molar mass	189.93 g/mol
Solubility in water	Ksp= 2.00·10−21
Structure
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Space group	P63/m, No. 176
Lattice constant	a = 6.547 Å, c = 3.854 Å
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Irritant
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314
Precautionary statements	P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 W
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Lanthanum(III) chloride
Other cations	Cerium(III) hydroxide; Actinium(III) hydroxide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). (what is ?) Infobox references

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Lanthanum hydroxide is La(OH)
₃, a hydroxide of the rare-earth element lanthanum.

Synthesis

Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an alkali such as ammonia to aqueous solutions of lanthanum salts such as lanthanum nitrate. This produces a gel-like precipitate that can then be dried in air.^[2]

La(NO₃)₃ + 3 NH₄OH → La(OH)₃ + 3 NH₄NO₃

Alternatively, it can be produced by hydration reaction (addition of water) to lanthanum oxide.^[3]

La₂O₃ + 3 H₂O → 2 La(OH)₃

Characteristics

Lanthanum hydroxide does not react much with alkaline substances, however is slightly soluble in acidic solution.^[2] In temperatures above 330 °C it decomposes into lanthanum oxide hydroxide (LaOOH), which upon further heating decomposes into lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃):^[4]

La(OH)₃

\mathrm {{\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{330\ ^{o}C}}\ }

LaOOH

2 LaOOH

\mathrm {{\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{\Delta }}\ }

La₂O₃

Lanthanum hydroxide crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system. Each lanthanum ion in the crystal structure is surrounded by nine hydroxide ions in a tricapped trigonal prism.^[5]

References

^ "C&L Inventory". echa.europa.eu.
^ ^a ^b E.V. Shkolnikov (2009). "Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 82 (2): 2098–2104. doi:10.1134/S1070427209120040. S2CID 93220420.
^ Ding, Jiawen; Wu, Yanli; Sun, Weili; Li, Yongxiu (2006). "Preparation of La(OH)3 and La2O3 with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La2O3". Journal of Rare Earths. 24 (4): 440–442. doi:10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7.
^ Michael E. Brown, Patrick Kent Gallagher (2008). Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Elsevier. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-44453123-0.
^ Beall, G.W.; Milligan, W.O.; Wolcott, Herbert A. (1977). "Structural trends in the lanthanide trihydroxides". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 39 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(77)80434-X.

External links

This inorganic compound–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] "C&L Inventory". echa.europa.eu.

[Shkolnikov2009-2] E.V. Shkolnikov (2009). "Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 82 (2): 2098–2104. doi:10.1134/S1070427209120040. S2CID 93220420.

[3] Ding, Jiawen; Wu, Yanli; Sun, Weili; Li, Yongxiu (2006). "Preparation of La(OH)3 and La2O3 with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La2O3". Journal of Rare Earths. 24 (4): 440–442. doi:10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7.

[4] Michael E. Brown, Patrick Kent Gallagher (2008). Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Elsevier. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-44453123-0.

[5] Beall, G.W.; Milligan, W.O.; Wolcott, Herbert A. (1977). "Structural trends in the lanthanide trihydroxides". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 39 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(77)80434-X.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Multiple issues|{{refimprove|date=October 2015}}
-{{more footnotes|date=October 2015}}}}
 {{chembox
 | Verifiedfields = changed
 | Watchedfields  = changed
 | verifiedrevid  =
 | Name           = Lanthanum(III) hydroxide
 | ImageFile      = File:La(OH)3.png
 | ImageCaption   = <span style="color:#C0C0C0; background-color:#C0C0C0;">__</span> La<sup>3+</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color:#FF0000;background-color:#FF0000;">__</span> OH<sup>−</sup>
 | ImageFile2     =
 | ImageName      =
 | IUPACName      = Lanthanum(III) hydroxide
 | OtherNames     =
 | SystematicName =
 | Section1       = {{Chembox Identifiers
 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
 | CASNo = 14507-19-8
+| ChemSpiderID = 119053
+| EINECS = 238-510-2
+| PubChem = 135111
+| PubChem_Comment =
 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
 | UNII = 7PTY21U5YN
-| RTECS =
+| StdInChI_Ref =
-| EINECS = 238-510-2
-| PubChem = 5061201
-| PubChem_Comment = wrong formula
-| ChemSpiderID = 119053
-| StdInChI_Ref =
 | StdInChI = 1S/La.3H2O/h;3*1H2
+| StdInChIKey = YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K
+| SMILES = [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3]
   }}
 | Section2       = {{Chembox Properties
 | Formula = La(OH)<sub>3</sub>
 | MolarMass = 189.93 g/mol
 | Appearance =
 | Density =
 | Solubility =K<sub>sp</sub>= 2.00·10<sup>−21</sup>
 | MeltingPtC =
 | MeltingPt_notes =
 | BoilingPtC =
 | BoilingPt_notes =
 | BandGap =
 }}
 | Section3       = {{Chembox Structure
@@ Line 44: / Line 43: @@
 | LattConst_c = 3.854 Å
   }}
 | Section4       =
 | Section5       =
 | Section6       =
 | Section7       = {{Chembox Hazards
 | ExternalSDS =
 | MainHazards = Irritant
 | NFPA-H = 1
 | NFPA-F =
 | NFPA-R =
 | NFPA-S =W
 | FlashPt = Non-flammable
+| GHS_ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=C&L Inventory |url=https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/123392 |website=echa.europa.eu}}</ref>
-| RPhrases = {{R36/37}}
+| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}
-| SPhrases = {{S26}}, {{S22}}, {{S37/39}}
+| GHSSignalWord = Danger
+| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314}}
+| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|264|280|301+330+331|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|321|363|405|501}}
   }}
 | Section8       = {{Chembox Related
 | OtherAnions = [[Lanthanum(III) chloride]]
-| OtherCations = [[Cerium(III) hydroxide]]<br>[[Scandium(III) hydroxide]]<br>[[Yttrium hydroxide|Yttrium(III) hydroxide]]<br>[[Actinium(III) hydroxide]]
+| OtherCations = [[Cerium(III) hydroxide]]<br>[[Actinium(III) hydroxide]]
 | OtherCompounds =
   }}
 }}
@@ Line 69: / Line 71: @@
 ==Synthesis==
-Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an [[alkali]] such as [[ammonia]] to aqueous solutions of [[lanthanum salt]]s such as [[lanthanum nitrate]].  This produces a gel-like [[precipitate]] that can then be dried in air.<ref name="Shkolnikov2009">E.V. Shkolnikov: ''Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media'', in: ''[[Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry]]'', '''2009''', ''82''&nbsp;(2), S.&nbsp;2098–2104.</ref>
+Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an [[alkali]] such as [[ammonia]] to aqueous solutions of [[lanthanum salt]]s such as [[lanthanum nitrate]].  This produces a gel-like [[precipitate]] that can then be dried in air.<ref name="Shkolnikov2009">{{cite journal | author = E.V. Shkolnikov | title = Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media | journal = Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry | year = 2009 | volume = 82 | issue = 2 | pages = 2098–2104 | doi = 10.1134/S1070427209120040 | s2cid = 93220420 }}</ref>
-:<math>\mathrm{La(NO_3)_3 \ + \ 3\ NH_4OH \ \longrightarrow \ La(OH)_3 \ + \ 3\ NH_4NO_3}</math>
+:{{chem2|La(NO3)3 + 3 NH4OH -> La(OH)3 + 3 NH4NO3}}
-Alternatively, it can be produced by [[hydration reaction]] (addition of water) to [[lanthanum oxide]].<ref>Jiawen Ding, Yanli Wu, Weili Sun, Yongxiu Li: ''Preparation of La(OH)<sub>3</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>'', in: ''[[Journal of Rare Earths]]'', '''2006''' August, ''24''&nbsp;(4), S.&nbsp;440-442; {{DOI|10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7}}.</ref>
+Alternatively, it can be produced by [[hydration reaction]] (addition of water) to [[lanthanum oxide]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7| title = Preparation of La(OH)3 and La2O3 with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La2O3| year = 2006| last1 = Ding| first1 = Jiawen| last2 = Wu| first2 = Yanli| last3 = Sun| first3 = Weili| last4 = Li| first4 = Yongxiu| journal = Journal of Rare Earths| volume = 24| issue = 4| pages = 440–442}}</ref>
-:<math>\mathrm{La_2O_3 \ + \ 3\ H_2O \ \longrightarrow \ 2\ La(OH)_3}</math>
+:{{chem2|La2O3 + 3 H2O -> 2 La(OH)3}}
 ==Characteristics==
-Lanthanum hydroxide does not react much with alkaline substances, however is slightly soluble in acidic solution.<ref name="Shkolnikov2009"/> In temperatures above 330&nbsp;°C it decomposes into lanthanum oxide hydroxide, LaOOH, which, upon further heating, decomposes into lanthanum oxide.<ref>Michael E. Brown, Patrick Kent Gallagher: ''Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry'', S.&nbsp;482; {{ISBN|978-0-44453123-0}}.</ref>
+Lanthanum hydroxide does not react much with alkaline substances, however is slightly soluble in acidic solution.<ref name="Shkolnikov2009"/> In temperatures above 330&nbsp;°C it decomposes into lanthanum oxide hydroxide (LaOOH), which upon further heating decomposes into lanthanum oxide ({{chem2|La2O3}}):<ref>{{cite book | author = Michael E. Brown, Patrick Kent Gallagher | title = Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry | date = 2008 | page = 482 | publisher = Elsevier | isbn = 978-0-44453123-0}}</ref>
-: <math>\mathrm{La(OH)_3 \ \xrightarrow [-H_2O]{330\ ^{o}C} \ LaOOH}</math>
+:{{chem2|La(OH)3}} <math>\mathrm{ \xrightarrow [-H_2O]{330\ ^{o}C} \ }</math> LaOOH
-: <math>\mathrm{2\ LaOOH \ \xrightarrow [-H_2O]{\Delta} \ La_2O_3}</math>
+:2 LaOOH <math>\mathrm{\xrightarrow [-H_2O]{\Delta} \ }</math> {{chem2|La2O3}}
-Lanthanum hydroxide crystallizes in the [[hexagonal crystal system]]. Each lanthanum ion in the crystal structure is surrounded by nine hydroxide ions in a [[Tricapped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry|tricapped trigonal prism]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Beall|first=G.W.|last2=Milligan|first2=W.O.|last3=Wolcott|first3=Herbert A.|date=1977|title=Structural trends in the lanthanide trihydroxides|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/002219027780434X|journal=Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry|language=en|volume=39|issue=1|pages=65–70|doi=10.1016/0022-1902(77)80434-X|via=}}</ref>
+Lanthanum hydroxide crystallizes in the [[hexagonal crystal system]]. Each lanthanum ion in the crystal structure is surrounded by nine hydroxide ions in a [[Tricapped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry|tricapped trigonal prism]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Beall|first1=G.W.|last2=Milligan|first2=W.O.|last3=Wolcott|first3=Herbert A.|date=1977|title=Structural trends in the lanthanide trihydroxides|journal=Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry|language=en|volume=39|issue=1|pages=65–70|doi=10.1016/0022-1902(77)80434-X}}</ref>
 ==References==
-{{reflist|30em}}
+{{reflist}}
 ==External links==
 * {{cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/57/lanthanum|title=Lanthanum - Element information, properties and uses - Periodic Table|work=rsc.org}}
-*[http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/LA/lanthanum_oxide.html External MSDS 1]
+* [http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/LA/lanthanum_oxide.html External MSDS 1]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331182447/http://camel.conncoll.edu/offices/envhealth/MSDS/botany/L/Lanthanum-oxide.html External MSDS 2]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120331182447/http://camel.conncoll.edu/offices/envhealth/MSDS/botany/L/Lanthanum-oxide.html External MSDS 2]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082657/http://www.prysmag.com/upfile/pdf/Prysmag_Lanthanum_Rare_Earth_Oxide_La2O3_MSDS.pdf  Lanthanum Oxide MSDS]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082657/http://www.prysmag.com/upfile/pdf/Prysmag_Lanthanum_Rare_Earth_Oxide_La2O3_MSDS.pdf  Lanthanum Oxide MSDS]
 {{Lanthanum compounds}}