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{{short description|American anthropologist}} |
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'''George W. Gill''' is an American [[anthropology|anthropologist]], and a [[Professor Emeritus]] at the [[University of Wyoming]]<ref name="Gill faculty profile">{{cite web |author=University of Wyoming | |
'''George W. Gill''' is an American [[anthropology|anthropologist]], and a [[Professor Emeritus]] at the [[University of Wyoming]] who specializes in skeletal biology.<ref name="Gill faculty profile">{{cite web |author=University of Wyoming |year=2009 |url=http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/anthropology/displayfaculty.asp?facultyid=2103 |title=George Gill |accessdate=2009-02-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616172923/http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/anthropology/displayfaculty.asp?facultyid=2103 |archivedate=2009-06-16 }}</ref><ref name="Gill Easter Island">{{cite web|author=University of Wyoming |date=October 2007 |url=http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/anthropology/showrelease.asp?id=18623 |title=UW professor, former students work on Easter Island book |accessdate=2009-02-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608225606/http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/anthropology/showrelease.asp?id=18623 |archivedate=2010-06-08 }}</ref> |
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==Career== |
==Career== |
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In the late 1980s, partly in response to demands from American [[forensic anthropology]] organizations to scrutinize methods of racial identification in order to ensure accuracy in legal cases, Gill tested, supported, and developed [[craniofacial anthropometry|craniofacial anthropometric]] and other means of estimating the racial origins of skeletal remains. He found that the employment of multiple criteria can yield very high rates of accuracy, and even that individual methods can be accurate more than 80 percent of the time.<ref name="Gill NOVA">{{cite web |author=Gill GW | |
In the late 1980s, partly in response to demands from American [[forensic anthropology]] organizations to scrutinize methods of racial identification in order to ensure accuracy in legal cases, Gill tested, supported, and developed [[craniofacial anthropometry|craniofacial anthropometric]] and other means of estimating the racial origins of skeletal remains. He found that the employment of multiple criteria can yield very high rates of accuracy, and even that individual methods can be accurate more than 80 percent of the time.<ref name="Gill NOVA">{{cite web |author=Gill GW |date=November 2000 |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/first/gill.html |title=Does race exist? A proponent's perspective |work=NOVA Online |accessdate=2009-02-03 }}</ref> |
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Gill cites these findings in arguing against the |
Gill cites these findings in arguing against the [[scientific consensus]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm|author=American Anthropological Association|date=May 17, 1998|title=Statement on Race|access-date=2021-07-06}}</ref> to treat human [[Race (classification of human beings)|races]] as [[social construction|social constructs]]. Gill suggests that "race denial" can stem from overstatements of the importance of [[Cline (population genetics)|clinal]] variation among human [[phenotype]]s, and from "politically motivated censorship" in the mistaken but [[political correctness|"politically correct"]] belief that "race promotes racism". Gill argues that "we can often ''function'' within systems that we do not believe in": Categories can have practical utility, even if they also seem conceptually problematic.<ref name="Gill NOVA"/> |
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Gill served on a [[Nova (TV series)|''NOVA'']]-sponsored panel in which he and five others debated the reality of race. Among Gill's opponents was American anthropologist [[C. Loring Brace]]<ref name="Gill NOVA"/>—a fellow plaintiff in the Kennewick Man case<ref name="Bonnichsen"/>—who maintains that the term "race" is not warranted by "a biological entity".<ref name="Brace NOVA">{{cite web |author=Brace CL | |
Gill served on a [[Nova (American TV series)|''NOVA'']]-sponsored panel in which he and five others debated the reality of race. Among Gill's opponents was American anthropologist [[C. Loring Brace]]<ref name="Gill NOVA"/>—a fellow plaintiff in the Kennewick Man case<ref name="Bonnichsen"/>—who maintains that the term "race" is not warranted by "a biological entity".<ref name="Brace NOVA">{{cite web |author=Brace CL |date=November 2000 |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/first/brace.html |title=Does race exist? An antagonist's perspective |work=NOVA Online |accessdate=2009-02-03 }}</ref> |
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===Easter Island=== |
===Easter Island=== |
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Gill has researched human [[osteology]] on the [[Polynesia]]n island and [[Chile]]an territory of [[Easter Island]],<ref name="Gill Easter Island"/> and in 1981 led the [[National Geographic Society]]'s Easter Island Anthropological Expedition.<ref>{{cite web |
Gill has researched human [[osteology]] on the [[Polynesia]]n island and [[Chile]]an territory of [[Easter Island]],<ref name="Gill Easter Island"/> and in 1981 led the [[National Geographic Society]]'s Easter Island Anthropological Expedition.<ref>{{cite web|author=University of Wyoming |date=October 2001 |url=http://www.uwyo.edu/news/show.asp?id=12549 |title=Gill profiled in ''Who's Who'' |accessdate=2009-02-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528054158/http://www.uwyo.edu/news/show.asp?id=12549 |archivedate=May 28, 2010 }}</ref> Materials that he has gathered form part of the osteological collection of Chile's national museum.<ref name="Gill faculty profile"/> He is collaborating with former students on a book about the island, which will aim to "explain the origins of the people and the decline of their ancient advanced culture".<ref name="Gill Easter Island"/> |
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===Kennewick Man=== |
===Kennewick Man=== |
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Gill has studied [[Kennewick Man]], the skeletal remains of a prehistoric man found near [[Kennewick, Washington|Kennewick]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]. Gill was among the scientists who successfully sued the United States in order to gain access to the remains, which had been claimed by the [[Umatilla (tribe)|Umatilla]] and other [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] tribes under a contested interpretation of the [[Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act]].<ref name="Bonnichsen">{{cite web |author=United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | year=2004 |
Gill has studied [[Kennewick Man]], the skeletal remains of a prehistoric man found near [[Kennewick, Washington|Kennewick]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]. Gill was among the scientists who successfully sued the United States in order to gain access to the remains, which had been claimed by the [[Umatilla (tribe)|Umatilla]] and other [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] tribes under a contested interpretation of the [[Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act]].<ref name="Bonnichsen">{{cite web |author=United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | year=2004 |url=http://www.friendsofpast.org/pdf/amici/amici-pacific.pdf |title=Bonnichsen v. United States |accessdate=2009-02-03}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Gill, George W. |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Gill, George |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American anthropologist |
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| DATE OF DEATH = |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, George W.}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, George W.}} |
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[[Category:American anthropologists]] |
[[Category:American anthropologists]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:Forensic anthropologists]] |
[[Category:Forensic anthropologists]] |
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[[Category:University of Wyoming faculty]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] |
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[[Category:Scientific racism]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:39, 27 September 2023
George W. Gill | |
|---|---|
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Anthropologist |
| Organization | University of Wyoming |
George W. Gill is an American anthropologist, and a Professor Emeritus at the University of Wyoming who specializes in skeletal biology.[1][2]
Career
[edit]In the late 1980s, partly in response to demands from American forensic anthropology organizations to scrutinize methods of racial identification in order to ensure accuracy in legal cases, Gill tested, supported, and developed craniofacial anthropometric and other means of estimating the racial origins of skeletal remains. He found that the employment of multiple criteria can yield very high rates of accuracy, and even that individual methods can be accurate more than 80 percent of the time.[3]
Gill cites these findings in arguing against the scientific consensus[4] to treat human races as social constructs. Gill suggests that "race denial" can stem from overstatements of the importance of clinal variation among human phenotypes, and from "politically motivated censorship" in the mistaken but "politically correct" belief that "race promotes racism". Gill argues that "we can often function within systems that we do not believe in": Categories can have practical utility, even if they also seem conceptually problematic.[3]
Gill served on a NOVA-sponsored panel in which he and five others debated the reality of race. Among Gill's opponents was American anthropologist C. Loring Brace[3]—a fellow plaintiff in the Kennewick Man case[5]—who maintains that the term "race" is not warranted by "a biological entity".[6]
Easter Island
[edit]Gill has researched human osteology on the Polynesian island and Chilean territory of Easter Island,[2] and in 1981 led the National Geographic Society's Easter Island Anthropological Expedition.[7] Materials that he has gathered form part of the osteological collection of Chile's national museum.[1] He is collaborating with former students on a book about the island, which will aim to "explain the origins of the people and the decline of their ancient advanced culture".[2]
Kennewick Man
[edit]Gill has studied Kennewick Man, the skeletal remains of a prehistoric man found near Kennewick in the U.S. state of Washington. Gill was among the scientists who successfully sued the United States in order to gain access to the remains, which had been claimed by the Umatilla and other American Indian tribes under a contested interpretation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b University of Wyoming (2009). "George Gill". Archived from the original on 2009-06-16. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ a b c University of Wyoming (October 2007). "UW professor, former students work on Easter Island book". Archived from the original on 2010-06-08. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ a b c Gill GW (November 2000). "Does race exist? A proponent's perspective". NOVA Online. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ American Anthropological Association (May 17, 1998). "Statement on Race". Retrieved 2021-07-06.
- ^ a b United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (2004). "Bonnichsen v. United States" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ Brace CL (November 2000). "Does race exist? An antagonist's perspective". NOVA Online. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ University of Wyoming (October 2001). "Gill profiled in Who's Who". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved 2009-02-03.