Gabriel París Gordillo: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Colombian military and political official}} |
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{{spanish name 2|París|Gordillo}} |
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{{family name hatnote|París|Gordillo|lang=Spanish}} |
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{{Infobox President |
{{Infobox President |
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|name = Gabriel París Gordillo |
| name = Gabriel París Gordillo |
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|image = Gabriel París |
| image = Gabriel París, 1957 (cropped).jpg |
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|imagesize = |
| imagesize = 220px |
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|caption = |
| caption = |
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|order |
| order = |
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|office = |
| office = [[President of Colombia]] |
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| status = ''[[Acting President of Colombia|De Facto]]'' |
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|term_start = May 10, 1957 |
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| term_start = May 10, 1957 |
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| term_end = August 7, 1958 |
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|predecessor = [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] |
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| appointer = [[Colombian Military Junta|Military junta]] |
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|successor = [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]] |
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| predecessor = [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] |
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|office2 = [[Ministry of National Defense (Colombia)|Minister of War]] |
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| successor = [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]] |
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|term_start2 = August 7, 1954 |
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| order2 = |
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|term_end2 = May 10, 1957 |
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| office2 = [[Presidential Designate (Colombia)|Presidential Designate]] |
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|president2 = [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] |
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| term_start2 = July 28, 1955 |
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|predecessor2 = Gustavo Berrío |
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| term_end2 = August 2, 1955 |
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|successor2 = Alfonso Saiz Montoya |
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| predecessor2 = [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] |
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|office3 = [[Ministry of the Interior and Justice|Minister of Justice]] |
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| successor2 = Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
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|term_start3 = February 9, 1954 |
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| office3 = [[Ministry of National Defense (Colombia)|Minister of War]] |
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|term_end3 = August 7, 1954 |
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| term_start3 = August 7, 1954 |
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|president3 = [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] |
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| term_end3 = May 10, 1957 |
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|predecessor3 = Antonio Escobar Camargo |
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| president3 = Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
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|successor3 = Luis Caro Escallón |
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| predecessor3 = Gustavo Berrío Muñoz |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date|1910|03|08}} |
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| successor3 = Alfonso Saiz Montoya |
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|birth_place = [[Ibagué]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], [[Colombia]] |
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| office4 = [[Ministry of the Interior and Justice|Minister of Justice]] |
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|death_date = {{dda|2008|03|21|1910|03|08}} |
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| term_start4 = February 9, 1954 |
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|death_place = [[Girardot, Cundinamarca|Girardot]], [[Cundinamarca]], [[Colombia]] |
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| term_end4 = August 7, 1954 |
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|restingplace = [[Central Cemetery of Bogotá]] |
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| president4 = Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
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|residence = Ranch ''El Recreo'',</br>[[Flandes]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], [[Colombia]] |
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| predecessor4 = Antonio Escobar Camargo |
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|nationality = [[Colombian people|Colombian]] |
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| successor4 = Luis Caro Escallón |
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| birth_name = Gabriel París Gordillo |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1910|03|08}} |
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|children = Gabriel París Quevedo</br>Jaime París Quevedo</br>Gloria París Quevedo</br>Ligia París Quevedo |
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| birth_place = [[Ibagué]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], Colombia |
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|alma_mater = Escuela Superior de Guerra</br>[[Command and General Staff College]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|03|21|1910|03|08}} |
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|occupation = [[Soldier]] ([[General (rank)|General]]), [[politician]] |
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| death_place = [[Girardot, Cundinamarca]], Colombia |
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| restingplace = [[Central Cemetery of Bogotá]] |
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|allegiance = [[Colombia]] |
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| residence = Ranch ''El Recreo'', [[Flandes]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], [[Colombia]] |
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|branch = [[Army of Colombia|Army]] |
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| nationality = [[Colombian people|Colombian]] |
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| party = |
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|battles = [[Colombia-Peru War]] |
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| spouse = María Felisa Quevedo París (1911-1994) |
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|awards = [[Colombian military decorations#Order of Boyaca (Orden de Boyacá)|Order of Boyacá]]</br>Order of José Acevedo y Gómez |
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| children = Gabriel París Quevedo, Jaime París Quevedo, Gloria París Quevedo and Carolina París Quevedo |
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| alma_mater = Escuela Militar de Cadetes 'José María Córdova', [[Command and General Staff College]] |
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| occupation = [[Soldier]] ([[General (rank)|General]]), [[politician]] |
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| allegiance = [[Colombia]] |
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| branch = [[Army of Colombia|Army]] |
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| rank = [[General]] |
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| serviceyears = 1928–1958 |
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| battles = [[Colombia-Peru War]] |
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| awards = [[Order of Boyaca|Order of Boyacá]] Order of José Acevedo y Gómez |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Gabriel París Gordillo''' (March 8, 1910 |
'''Gabriel París Gordillo''' (March 8, 1910 – March 21, 2008) was a Colombian military officer and political leader who ruled the country as the chairman of a [[Colombian Military Junta|military junta]] from May 1957 to August 1958, following the resignation of General [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]]. París oversaw the regime's transition to electoral democracy after four years of military dictatorship, and turned over power to [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]] of the [[National Front (Colombia)|National Front]]. |
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== |
== Biographic data == |
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General Gabriel París was born in [[Ibagué]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], on March 8, 1910.<ref>Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 227, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983</ref> |
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General Gabriel París was born in [[Ibagué]], [[Tolima]], on March 8, 1910.<ref name="Arismendi227">Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 227, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983</ref> |
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==Early years== |
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[[File:Gpu.ejc.jpg|thumb|300px|left|'' Uniform Gala No.2 del [[ejército]] Colombiano'']] |
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== Early years == |
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Gabriel París studied at the ''Colegio San Simón'' in [[Ibagué]], [[Tolima Department|Department of Tolima]]. After graduating París enlisted in the [[Colombian Army]] studying at the ''Gr. José María Córdova'' Academy in 1928 and becoming a lieutenant for the cavalry later on December 11, 1929 assigned to ''Grupo No. 1 Páez'', unit in which he spent most of his career. |
Gabriel París studied at the ''Colegio San Simón'' in [[Ibagué]], [[Tolima Department|Department of Tolima]]. After graduating París enlisted in the [[Colombian Army]] studying at the ''Gr. José María Córdova'' Academy in 1928 and becoming a lieutenant for the cavalry later on December 11, 1929 assigned to ''Grupo No. 1 Páez'', unit in which he spent most of his career. |
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==War with Peru== |
== War with Peru == |
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{{see also|Colombia-Peru War}} As a lieutenant, París participated in the [[Colombia-Peru War]] in 1933 at the línea Baraya-La Tagua [[Front (military)|war front]]. For being an excellent officer París was assigned a horse trainer at the ‘Gr. José María Córdova' Academy. |
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{{see also|Colombia-Peru War}} |
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As a lieutenant, París participated in the [[Colombia-Peru War]] in 1933 at the línea Baraya-La Tagua [[Front (military)|war front]]. For being an excellent officer París was assigned a horse trainer at the ‘Gr. José María Córdova' Academy. |
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==Promotions as officer== |
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== Promotions as officer == |
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Gabriel París was promoted to Major in 1941 at the Colombia Superior School of War. In 1941 was later promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and was sent to study in [[Fort Leavenworth]], [[United States]]. He was later assigned trainer at the Colombian Superior School of War and Chief of the Mounted and Veterinary. In 1949 was assigned commander of the Grupo N° 2 Rondón unit and in 1950, Chief of the Second Brigade, based in [[Barranquilla]]. He was later assigned commander of the Fourth Brigade, based in [[Medellín]]. |
Gabriel París was promoted to Major in 1941 at the Colombia Superior School of War. In 1941 was later promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and was sent to study in [[Fort Leavenworth]], [[United States]]. He was later assigned trainer at the Colombian Superior School of War and Chief of the Mounted and Veterinary. In 1949 was assigned commander of the Grupo N° 2 Rondón unit and in 1950, Chief of the Second Brigade, based in [[Barranquilla]]. He was later assigned commander of the Fourth Brigade, based in [[Medellín]]. |
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==Under Rojas Pinillas rule== |
== Under Rojas Pinillas rule == |
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During the government of President [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]], París was appointed to many public office posts. |
During the government of President [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]], París was appointed to many public office posts. |
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===General of the Army=== |
=== General of the Army === |
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París was promoted to Brigadier General on February 28, 1953 and assigned commander of the Colombian Army. On June 27 of this same year París was appointed alternative representative of Colombia in the disarmament commission of the [[UN Security Council]] acting as ambassador of Colombia to the United Nations. |
París was promoted to Brigadier General on February 28, 1953 and assigned commander of the Colombian Army. On June 27 of this same year París was appointed alternative representative of Colombia in the disarmament commission of the [[UN Security Council]] acting as ambassador of Colombia to the United Nations. |
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===Ministries=== |
=== Ministries === |
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París was appointed Minister of Justice on February 9, 1954 and later on August 7 appointed as Minister of War. He also managed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs temporarily. París occupied the presidency of Colombia temporarily while General Rojas Pinilla visited [[Ecuador]] between July 30 and August 2 in 1955. On February 29, 1956 París was promoted to the rank of Major General. |
París was appointed Minister of Justice on February 9, 1954 and later on August 7 appointed as Minister of War. He also managed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs temporarily. París occupied the presidency of Colombia temporarily while General Rojas Pinilla visited [[Ecuador]] between July 30 and August 2 in 1955. On February 29, 1956 París was promoted to the rank of Major General. |
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==Military Junta== |
== Military Junta == |
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Civil unrest and, political upheaval and public discontent had turned the country into chaos. Angry and violent street demonstrations and a general strike on May 10, 1957, brought down the government of General [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]]. At the age of 47 years, General París was selected by General [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] to precede the Military Junta set to replace himself. General París assumed the Presidency on May 10, 1957, along with two other Generals of the Army, Luis E. Ordóñez Castillo and Rafael Navas Pardo, a General from the National Police Deogracias Fonseca Espinosa and rear Admiral of the [[Colombian National Armada]] Rubén Piedrahíta Arango. General París was elected as Chairman of the Junta, and as such, became “''Presidente de la República”''. |
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The other four members of the Junta received the same title. The first decrees of the Junta were to restore peace and order, freedom of speech and association, freedom of the press, adherence to the Constitution and calling for a presidential election as soon as possible. In order to ease tensions, the Junta also appointed as Ministers of the presidential cabinet highly reputed members of both political parties.Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 228, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983 Besides restoring peace and order, the Junta’s main concern was the economy. The nation had a huge fiscal deficit, the trade deficit was exorbitant and the national debt had surpassed the $500 million dollars. |
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Civil unrest and, political upheaval and public discontent had turned the country into chaos. Angry and violent street demonstrations and a general strike on May 10, 1957, brought down the government of General [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]].<ref name="Arismendi227"/> |
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This situation had caused a very high unemployment and triggered a recession, which was turning into a depression. In order to address this urgent matter, the Junta created an economic and financial task force, preside by [[Alfonso López Pumarejo]] and [[Mariano Ospina Pérez]]. Both leaders were commissioned and set to the [[United States of America]] as a national mission to secure an emergency loan of $103 million dollars to stimulate the economy, pay some foreign debt and invigorate the employment scenario. This mission was also to discuss and negotiate a price agreement for coffee, as the export of this commodity was essential to the trade balance of Colombia. The commission also promoted the advancement of technical educational and created the ''"Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje"'' (SENA). |
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At the age of 47 years old, General París was selected by General [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] to precede the Military Junta set to replace himself. General París assumed the Presidency on May 10, 1957, along with two other Generals of the Army, Luis E. Ordóñez Castillo and Rafael Navas Pardo, a General from the National Police Deogracias Fonseca Espinosa and rear Admiral of the [[Colombian National Armada]] Rubén Piedrahíta Arango. General París was elected as Chairman of the Junta, and as such, became ''“Presidente de la República”''. The other four members of the Junta received the same title.<ref name="Arismendi227"/> |
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Regarding international trade and commerce, the administration of General París and the Junta, implemented the ''"Plan Vallejo"'' which was designed to promote and stimulate exports and to reduce unnecessary imports. The Junta also encouraged foreign private investment and eased monetary operations and exchange rates. General París and the Junta initiated international negotiations with major world producing countries to establish what would be known as the “Pacto Mundial” (world accord). In the political front, in order to honor the agreements of the ''"Treaty of Sitges”'', the Junta would call a general election. |
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The first decrees of the Junta were to restore peace and order, freedom of speech and association, freedom of the press, adherence to the Constitution and calling for a presidential election as soon as possible.<ref name="Arismendi227"/> In order to ease tensions, the Junta also appointed as Ministers of the presidential cabinet highly reputed members of both political parties.<ref name="Arismendi228">Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 228, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983</ref> |
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The treaty, signed by former presidents [[Laureano Gómez]] and [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]] in June, 1957, prescribed for the Junta to hold a general election on December 1, of that same year, as a national plebiscite to legitimize the [[National Front (Colombia)|National Front]]. |
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Besides restoring peace and order, the Junta’s main concern was the economy. The nation had a huge fiscal deficit, the trade deficit was exorbitant and the national debt had surpassed the $500 million dollars. This situation had caused a very high unemployment and triggered a recession, which was turning into a depression. In order to address this urgent matter, the Junta created an economic and financial task force, preside by [[Alfonso López Pumarejo]] and [[Mariano Ospina Pérez]]. Both leaders were commissioned and set to the [[United States of America]] as a national mission to secure an emergency loan of $103 million dollars to stimulate the economy, pay some foreign debt and invigorate the employment scenario. This mission was also to discuss and negotiate a price agreement for coffee, as the export of this commodity was essential to the trade balance of Colombia. The commission also promoted the advancement of technical educational and created the ''"Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje"'' (SENA).<ref name="Arismendi228"/> |
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Regarding international trade and commerce, the administration of General París and the Junta, implemented the ''"Plan Vallejo"'' which was designed to promote and stimulate exports and to reduce unnecessary imports. The Junta also encouraged foreign private investment and eased monetary operations and exchange rates. General París and the Junta initiated international negotiations with major world producing countries to establish what would be known as the “Pacto Mundial” (world accord).<ref name="Arismendi228"/> |
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In the political front, in order to honor the agreements of the ''"Treaty of Sitges”'', the Junta would call a general election. The treaty, signed by former presidents [[Laureano Gómez]] and [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]] in June, 1957, prescribed for the Junta to hold a general election on December 1, of that same year, as a national plebiscite to legitimize the [[National Front (Colombia)|National Front]].<ref name="Arismendi228"/> |
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==End of Military Junta== |
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== End of Military Junta == |
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On May 4, 1958 popular elections took place to replace the Military Junta and transition once again into a democracy. [[Alberto Lleras]] resulted elected as the first president of the National Front. General París retired from active service and inaugurated Lleras as president of Colombia on August 7, 1958. París Gordillo dedicated to his private life affairs. |
On May 4, 1958 popular elections took place to replace the Military Junta and transition once again into a democracy. [[Alberto Lleras]] resulted elected as the first president of the National Front. General París retired from active service and inaugurated Lleras as president of Colombia on August 7, 1958. París Gordillo dedicated to his private life affairs. |
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==Recognitions== |
== Recognitions == |
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In 1996 París was decorated by the Municipal Council of Bogotá in the 150th anniversary of the installation of the [[Simón Bolívar]] statue at the Plaza Mayor. The statue was donated by París's great grandfather don José Ignacio París Ricaurte. In 2000 was honorary promoted to three suns general by then president of Colombia, [[Andrés Pastrana]]. In 2002 París attended the inauguration of [[Álvaro Uribe]] as president of Colombia. |
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== Personal life == |
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In 1996 París was condecorated by the Municipal Council of Bogotá in the 150th anniversary of the installation of the [[Simón Bolívar]] statue at the Plaza Mayor. The statue wasa donated by París's great grandfather don José Ignacio París Ricaurte. |
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On 28 September 1936, Gabriel París married María Felisa Quevedo París (his cousin) (11 May 1911 – 17 June 1994), and had four children: Gabriel, Jaime, Gloria and Ligia Carolina París Quevedo. He lived his last days at a ranch named ‘El Recreo' in a vereda named El Topacio in [[Flandes]]. At the age of 98 years was the last survivor of the military junta and the eldest former president of Colombia.{{cn|date=June 2022}} |
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== External links == |
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In 2000 was honorary promoted to three suns general by then president of Colombia, [[Andrés Pastrana]]. |
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{{Portal|Biography}} |
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* [http://www.rulers.org Rulers.org] |
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* [http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/parigabr.htm Luis Angel Arango Library: Gabriel París Gordillo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809025408/http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/parigabr.htm |date=2010-08-09 }} {{in lang|es}} |
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== References == |
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In 2002 París attended the inauguration of [[Álvaro Uribe]] as president of Colombia. |
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<references /> |
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{{s-start}} |
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==Personal life== |
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{{s-gov}} |
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{{succession box |
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Gabriel París married María Felisa Quevedo París (his cousin) at the age of 29 and had four children: Gabriel, Jaime, Gloria and Ligia París Quevedo. |
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| before = [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] |
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| title = [[President of Colombia]] <br> ([[Colombian Military Junta]]) |
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He lived his last days at a ranch named ‘El Recreo' in a vereda named El Topacio in [[Flandes]]. At the age of 98 years old was the last survivor of the military junta and the eldest former president of Colombia. |
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| years = 1957–1958 |
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| after = [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]]}} |
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==References== |
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{{ |
{{s-end}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.rulers.org Rulers.org] |
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* [http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/biografias/parigabr.htm Luis Angel Arango Library: Gabriel París Gordillo] {{es icon}} |
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{{heads of state of Colombia}} |
{{heads of state of Colombia}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --> |
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| NAME =Paris Gordillo, Gabriel |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = |
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| DATE OF BIRTH =March 8, 1910 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Ibagué]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], [[Colombia]] |
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| DATE OF DEATH =March 21, 2008 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Girardot, Cundinamarca|Girardot]], [[Cundinamarca]], [[Colombia]] |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Paris Gordillo, Gabriel}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paris Gordillo, Gabriel}} |
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[[Category:1910 births]] |
[[Category:1910 births]] |
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[[Category:2008 deaths]] |
[[Category:2008 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Colombian |
[[Category:Colombian generals]] |
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[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]] |
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Colombia]] |
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[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]] |
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]] |
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[[Category:Presidents of Colombia]] |
[[Category:Presidents of Colombia]] |
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[[Category:Acting presidents of Colombia]] |
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[[Category:Presidential Designates of Colombia]] |
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[[Category:Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College]] |
[[Category:Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College]] |
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[[Category:París family]] |
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[[de:Gabriel París Gordillo]] |
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[[es:Gabriel París]] |
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[[fr:Gabriel París Gordillo]] |
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[[la:Gabriel París Gordillo]] |
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[[ru:Гордилья, Габриэль Парис]] |
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[[fi:Gabriel París Gordillo]] |
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[[sv:Gabriel París Gordillo]] |
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[[zh:加布里埃尔·帕里斯·戈迪略]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:25, 28 September 2023
Gabriel París Gordillo | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| President of Colombia | |
| In office May 10, 1957 – August 7, 1958 | |
| Appointed by | Military junta |
| Preceded by | Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
| Succeeded by | Alberto Lleras Camargo |
| Presidential Designate | |
| In office July 28, 1955 – August 2, 1955 | |
| Preceded by | Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
| Succeeded by | Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
| Minister of War | |
| In office August 7, 1954 – May 10, 1957 | |
| President | Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
| Preceded by | Gustavo Berrío Muñoz |
| Succeeded by | Alfonso Saiz Montoya |
| Minister of Justice | |
| In office February 9, 1954 – August 7, 1954 | |
| President | Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
| Preceded by | Antonio Escobar Camargo |
| Succeeded by | Luis Caro Escallón |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Gabriel París Gordillo March 8, 1910 Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia |
| Died | March 21, 2008 (aged 98) Girardot, Cundinamarca, Colombia |
| Resting place | Central Cemetery of Bogotá |
| Spouse | María Felisa Quevedo París (1911-1994) |
| Children | Gabriel París Quevedo, Jaime París Quevedo, Gloria París Quevedo and Carolina París Quevedo |
| Residence(s) | Ranch El Recreo, Flandes, Tolima, Colombia |
| Alma mater | Escuela Militar de Cadetes 'José María Córdova', Command and General Staff College |
| Occupation | Soldier (General), politician |
| Awards | Order of Boyacá Order of José Acevedo y Gómez |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Colombia |
| Branch/service | Army |
| Years of service | 1928–1958 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars | Colombia-Peru War |
Gabriel París Gordillo (March 8, 1910 – March 21, 2008) was a Colombian military officer and political leader who ruled the country as the chairman of a military junta from May 1957 to August 1958, following the resignation of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. París oversaw the regime's transition to electoral democracy after four years of military dictatorship, and turned over power to Alberto Lleras Camargo of the National Front.
Biographic data
[edit]General Gabriel París was born in Ibagué, Tolima, on March 8, 1910.[1]
Early years
[edit]Gabriel París studied at the Colegio San Simón in Ibagué, Department of Tolima. After graduating París enlisted in the Colombian Army studying at the Gr. José María Córdova Academy in 1928 and becoming a lieutenant for the cavalry later on December 11, 1929 assigned to Grupo No. 1 Páez, unit in which he spent most of his career.
War with Peru
[edit]As a lieutenant, París participated in the Colombia-Peru War in 1933 at the línea Baraya-La Tagua war front. For being an excellent officer París was assigned a horse trainer at the ‘Gr. José María Córdova' Academy.
Promotions as officer
[edit]Gabriel París was promoted to Major in 1941 at the Colombia Superior School of War. In 1941 was later promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and was sent to study in Fort Leavenworth, United States. He was later assigned trainer at the Colombian Superior School of War and Chief of the Mounted and Veterinary. In 1949 was assigned commander of the Grupo N° 2 Rondón unit and in 1950, Chief of the Second Brigade, based in Barranquilla. He was later assigned commander of the Fourth Brigade, based in Medellín.
Under Rojas Pinillas rule
[edit]During the government of President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, París was appointed to many public office posts.
General of the Army
[edit]París was promoted to Brigadier General on February 28, 1953 and assigned commander of the Colombian Army. On June 27 of this same year París was appointed alternative representative of Colombia in the disarmament commission of the UN Security Council acting as ambassador of Colombia to the United Nations.
Ministries
[edit]París was appointed Minister of Justice on February 9, 1954 and later on August 7 appointed as Minister of War. He also managed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs temporarily. París occupied the presidency of Colombia temporarily while General Rojas Pinilla visited Ecuador between July 30 and August 2 in 1955. On February 29, 1956 París was promoted to the rank of Major General.
Military Junta
[edit]Civil unrest and, political upheaval and public discontent had turned the country into chaos. Angry and violent street demonstrations and a general strike on May 10, 1957, brought down the government of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. At the age of 47 years, General París was selected by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla to precede the Military Junta set to replace himself. General París assumed the Presidency on May 10, 1957, along with two other Generals of the Army, Luis E. Ordóñez Castillo and Rafael Navas Pardo, a General from the National Police Deogracias Fonseca Espinosa and rear Admiral of the Colombian National Armada Rubén Piedrahíta Arango. General París was elected as Chairman of the Junta, and as such, became “Presidente de la República”.
The other four members of the Junta received the same title. The first decrees of the Junta were to restore peace and order, freedom of speech and association, freedom of the press, adherence to the Constitution and calling for a presidential election as soon as possible. In order to ease tensions, the Junta also appointed as Ministers of the presidential cabinet highly reputed members of both political parties.Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 228, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983 Besides restoring peace and order, the Junta’s main concern was the economy. The nation had a huge fiscal deficit, the trade deficit was exorbitant and the national debt had surpassed the $500 million dollars.
This situation had caused a very high unemployment and triggered a recession, which was turning into a depression. In order to address this urgent matter, the Junta created an economic and financial task force, preside by Alfonso López Pumarejo and Mariano Ospina Pérez. Both leaders were commissioned and set to the United States of America as a national mission to secure an emergency loan of $103 million dollars to stimulate the economy, pay some foreign debt and invigorate the employment scenario. This mission was also to discuss and negotiate a price agreement for coffee, as the export of this commodity was essential to the trade balance of Colombia. The commission also promoted the advancement of technical educational and created the "Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje" (SENA).
Regarding international trade and commerce, the administration of General París and the Junta, implemented the "Plan Vallejo" which was designed to promote and stimulate exports and to reduce unnecessary imports. The Junta also encouraged foreign private investment and eased monetary operations and exchange rates. General París and the Junta initiated international negotiations with major world producing countries to establish what would be known as the “Pacto Mundial” (world accord). In the political front, in order to honor the agreements of the "Treaty of Sitges”, the Junta would call a general election.
The treaty, signed by former presidents Laureano Gómez and Alberto Lleras Camargo in June, 1957, prescribed for the Junta to hold a general election on December 1, of that same year, as a national plebiscite to legitimize the National Front.
End of Military Junta
[edit]On May 4, 1958 popular elections took place to replace the Military Junta and transition once again into a democracy. Alberto Lleras resulted elected as the first president of the National Front. General París retired from active service and inaugurated Lleras as president of Colombia on August 7, 1958. París Gordillo dedicated to his private life affairs.
Recognitions
[edit]In 1996 París was decorated by the Municipal Council of Bogotá in the 150th anniversary of the installation of the Simón Bolívar statue at the Plaza Mayor. The statue was donated by París's great grandfather don José Ignacio París Ricaurte. In 2000 was honorary promoted to three suns general by then president of Colombia, Andrés Pastrana. In 2002 París attended the inauguration of Álvaro Uribe as president of Colombia.
Personal life
[edit]On 28 September 1936, Gabriel París married María Felisa Quevedo París (his cousin) (11 May 1911 – 17 June 1994), and had four children: Gabriel, Jaime, Gloria and Ligia Carolina París Quevedo. He lived his last days at a ranch named ‘El Recreo' in a vereda named El Topacio in Flandes. At the age of 98 years was the last survivor of the military junta and the eldest former president of Colombia.[citation needed]
External links
[edit]
- Rulers.org
- Luis Angel Arango Library: Gabriel París Gordillo Archived 2010-08-09 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
References
[edit]- ^ Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 227, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983
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