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{{short description|French opera singer}}
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[[File:Rosalie Levasseur by Pruneau - Gallica cropped.jpg|thumb|<center>Rosalie Levasseur</center>]]

'''Rosalie Levasseur''' or Le Vasseur (8 October 1749 &ndash; 6 May 1826) was a French [[soprano]]. Known as'''<nowiki> 'Mlle Rosalie'</nowiki>''', she is best remembered for her work with the composer [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]].
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[[File:Rosalie Levasseur by Pruneau - Gallica cropped.jpg|thumb|{{center|Rosalie Levasseur}}]]
'''Marie-Rose-(Claude-)Josephe<ref>Thus stated by {{harvnb|Rushton|1992}}; {{harvnb|Campardon|1880|p=127}}, and {{harvnb|Pitou|1985|p=347}}, report instead "Marie-Claude-Josephe" (written without dashes by the latter); and finally {{harvnb|Prod'homme|1916|p=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/737954?seq=3 211]}}, states "Marie Rose Josephe".</ref> Levasseur''' (or '''Le Vasseur'''), known in her day as '''Mademoiselle Rosalie''',<ref>Not to be confused with another "Mlle Rosalie" (whose complete name was Rosalie de Saint-Évreux) who was active in much the same period at the [[Comédie Italienne]] as an [[Opéra comique|opéra-comique]] soprano.</ref> and later commonly referred to as '''Rosalie Levasseur''' (8 October 1749 &ndash; 6 May 1826) was a French [[soprano]] who is best remembered for her work with the composer [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Born in [[Valenciennes]] in 1749, she first appeared at the [[Paris Opéra]] in a revival of [[André Campra|Campra]]'s ''[[L'Europe galante]]'' in 1766. After an undistinguished beginning to her career, when she appeared only in minor roles, such as Cupid in [[Pierre Montan Berton|Berton]] and [[Jean-Claude Trial|Trial]]'s, ''Théonis'' (1767), and [[Jean-Benjamin de La Borde|La Borde]]'s ''Ismène et Isménias'', (1770)<ref name=Pitou>{{harvnb|Pitou|1985|pp=347–349}}</ref> her status in the company rapidly improved following Gluck's arrival in Paris in 1774.
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Born in [[Valenciennes]] in 1749, she first appeared at the [[Paris Opéra]] in a revival of [[André Campra|Campra]]'s ''[[L'Europe galante]]'' in 1766. After an undistinguished beginning to her career, when she appeared only in minor roles, such as Cupid in [[Pierre Montan Berton|Berton]] and [[Jean-Claude Trial|Trial]]'s, ''Théonis'', and [[Jean-Benjamin de La Borde|La Borde]]'s ''Ismène et Isménias'', <ref name="Pitou">Pitou, pp. 347-349.</ref> her status in the company rapidly improved following Gluck's arrival in Paris in 1774. The new maestro and the primadonna in office, [[Sophie Arnould]], could not stand each other,<ref>To Mlle Arnould who insisted upon new great arias to sing in ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' instead of perpetual recitative, irascible Gluck is reported to have replied that, first of all, one was supposed to be able to sing ([[Antonia Fraser]], ''Maria Antonietta. La solitudine di una regina'', Milan, Mondadori, 2004, p. 130, ISBN 88-04-51311-X).</ref> while Levasseur was the mistress of the Austrian ambassador and Gluck's countryman [[Florimond Claude, comte de Mercy-Argenteau|Florimond de Mercy-Argenteau]], who exerted moreover a strong influence on the [[Dauphine of France|Dauphine]] [[Marie Antoinette]], a former singing pupil of the German [[Kapellmeister]].<ref>Pitou, pp. 347-349. Marie Antoinette ascended the throne, as the Queen consort, in May 1774 upon her grandfather-in-law [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]]'s death, which caused the French theatres to be closed and the first run of ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' to be interrupted after its fourth performance.</ref> At first 'Mlle Rosalie' was given again an insignificant role (a Greek woman) at the premiere of ''[[Iphigénie en Aulide]]'' in April, but four months later she performed the much more important part of Cupid in ''[[Orfeo ed Euridice|Orphée et Eurydice]]'', being endowed with a second additional aria. The following year she took over from Arnould the roles of Iphigénie and Eurydice in the new version of the former opera and in the revivals of the latter, after which she was promoted to the company's leading soprano being entrusted with the creation of the title roles in the subsequent main operas by Gluck, ''[[Alceste (Gluck)|Alceste]]'' on 23 April 1776, ''[[Armide (Gluck)|Armide]]'' on 23 September 1777, and ''[[Iphigenie en Tauride]]'' on 18 May 1779.<ref name="Rushton">Rushton, Julian (1992), 'Levasseur, Rosalie' in ''The [[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'' p 1158</ref> She also appeared in operas by Gluck's rival [[Niccolò Piccinni]], as well as [[Johann Christian Bach]], [[André Grétry]], and [[Antonio Sacchini]]. In 1783 she handed over to [[Antoinette Saint-Huberty]] the role of Armide in Sacchini's ''[[Renaud]]'' after its third performance, and she is not known to have tried to resume her appearances at the Paris Opera, thereafter. She retired officially in 1784.<ref name="Pitou"/>


The new maestro and the primadonna in office, [[Sophie Arnould]], could not stand each other,<ref>To Mlle Arnould who insisted upon new great arias to sing in ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' instead of perpetual recitative, cantankerous Gluck is reported to have once replied that, first of all, one was supposed to be able to sing ([[Antonia Fraser]], ''Maria Antonietta. La solitudine di una regina'', Milan, Mondadori, 2004, p. 130, {{ISBN|88-04-51311-X}}).</ref> while Levasseur was the mistress of the Austrian ambassador and Gluck's countryman [[Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau|Florimond de Mercy-Argenteau]], who exerted moreover a strong influence on the [[Dauphine of France|Dauphine]] [[Marie Antoinette]], herself a former singing pupil of the German [[Kapellmeister]].<ref>{{harvnb|Pitou|1985|pp=347–349}}.
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Julian Rushton describes Levasseur as a "powerful rather than flexible singer, with a good stage presence if unattractive features."<ref name="Rushton">Rushton, Julian (1992), 'Levasseur, Rosalie' in ''The [[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'' p 1158</ref>

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Marie Antoinette ascended the throne, as the Queen consort, in May 1774 upon her grandfather-in-law [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]]'s death, which caused the French theatres to be closed and the first run of ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' to be interrupted after its fourth performance.</ref> At first 'Mlle Rosalie' was given again an insignificant role (a Greek woman) at the premiere of ''[[Iphigénie en Aulide]]'' in April, but four months later she performed the much more important part of Cupid in ''[[Orfeo ed Euridice|Orphée et Eurydice]]'', being endowed with a second additional aria. The following year she took over from Arnould the leading roles of Iphigénie and Eurydice in the new version of the former opera and in the revivals of the latter, after which she was promoted to the company's top soprano being entrusted with the creation of the title roles in the subsequent main operas by Gluck, ''[[Alceste (Gluck)|Alceste]]'' on 23 April 1776, ''[[Armide (Gluck)|Armide]]'' on 23 September 1777, and ''[[Iphigénie en Tauride (Gluck)|Iphigénie en Tauride]]'' on 18 May 1779.<ref name="Rushton">{{harvnb|Rushton|1992|p=1158}}</ref> She also appeared in operas by Gluck's rival [[Niccolò Piccinni]], as well as [[Johann Christian Bach]], [[André Grétry]], and [[Antonio Sacchini]].

In 1783 she handed over to [[Antoinette Saint-Huberty]] the role of Armide in Sacchini's ''[[Renaud]]'' after its third performance, and she is not known to have tried to resume her leading position at the Paris Opera thereafter,<ref name=Pitou /> just making rarer and rarer appearances in revivals. In June 1784, she performed one last time at Court in the gala entertainment in honour of the [[King of Sweden]], [[Gustav III of Sweden|Gustav III]],{{sfn|Prod'homme|1916|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/737954?seq=31#page_scan_tab_contents 239 et seq.]}} and retired officially in 1785.<ref name=Pitou />

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[[Julian Rushton]] describes Levasseur as a "powerful rather than flexible singer, with a good stage presence if unattractive features."<ref name="Rushton" />


She died in [[Neuwied|Neuwied am Rhein]] in 1826.
She died in [[Neuwied|Neuwied am Rhein]] in 1826.


==Other roles created==
==Other roles created==
*1768: Spinette in ''La Vénitienne'' by [[Antoine Dauvergne|Dauvergne]]<ref>Original libretto, p. 4 (accessibie for free online at [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k721303/f4.image.r=La%20v%C3%A9nitienne%20:%20com%C3%A9die-ballet,%20repr%C3%A9sent%C3%A9e%20par%20l%27Acad%C3%A9mie.langEN Gallica - B.N.F.]).</ref>
*1770: Flore in ''La Fête de Flore'' by [[Jean-Claude Trial|Trial]]
*1770: Flore in ''La Fête de Flore'' by [[Jean-Claude Trial|Trial]]
*1774: Cupid in ''Azolan'' by [[Étienne-Joseph Floquet|Floquet]]
*1774: Cupid in ''Azolan'' by [[Étienne-Joseph Floquet|Floquet]]
*1775: Procris in ''Céphale et Procris'' by [[André Grétry|Grétry]]
*1775: Procris in ''Céphale et Procris'' by [[André Grétry|Grétry]]
*1775: Chloé in ''[[La Cythère assiégée]]'' by [[Christoph Willibald Gluck|Gluck]] (completed by [[Pierre Montan Berton]])
*1775: Chloé in ''[[La Cythère assiégée]]'' by [[Christoph Willibald Gluck|Gluck]] (completed by [[Pierre Montan Berton]])
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*1777: the title role in ''[[Ernelinde, princesse de Norvège]]'' (3rd revision) by [[François-André Danican Philidor|Philidor]]
*1777: the title role in ''[[Ernelinde, princesse de Norvège]]'' (3rd revision) by [[François-André Danican Philidor|Philidor]]
*1778: Angélique in ''[[Roland (Piccinni)|Roland]]'' by [[Niccolò Piccinni|Piccinni]]
*1778: Angélique in ''[[Roland (Piccinni)|Roland]]'' by [[Niccolò Piccinni|Piccinni]]
*1779: Oriane in ''[[Amadis de Gaule (J.C. Bach)|Amadis de Gaule]] by [[Johann Christian Bach|J C Bach]]
*1779: Oriane in ''[[Amadis de Gaule (J.C. Bach)|Amadis de Gaule]]'' by [[Johann Christian Bach|J C Bach]]
*1780: the title role in ''[[Andromaque (opera)|Andromaque]]'' by Grétry
*1780: the title role in ''[[Andromaque (opera)|Andromaque]]'' by Grétry
*1780: Andromède in ''[[Persée (Philidor)|Persée]]'' by Philidor
*1780: Andromède in ''[[Persée (Philidor)|Persée]]'' by Philidor
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==References==
==References==
;Notes
'''Notes'''
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
;Sources
'''Sources'''
* {{cite book|editor-last=Campardon|editor-first=Émile|title=Les Comédiens du roi de la troupe italienne pendant les deux derniers siècles: documents inédits recueillis aux Archives Nationales|location=Paris|publisher=Berger-Levrault|year=1880|volume=II|chapter=Levasseur (Marie-Claude-Josephe dite Rosalie)|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/lacadmieroyaled01campgoog#page/n148/mode/2up|pages=127–139|language=fr}}
* Pitou, Spire, ''The Paris Opéra. An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers – Rococo and Romantic, 1715-1815'', Greenwood Press, Westport/London, 1985 (ISBN 0-313-24394-8)
* {{cite book|last=Pitou|first=Spire|title=The Paris Opéra. An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers – Rococo and Romantic, 1715-1815|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport/London|year=1985|isbn=0-313-24394-8}}
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* Rushton, Julian (1992), 'Levasseur, Rosalie' in ''The [[New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
* {{cite journal|author=Jacques-Gabriel Prod'homme|author-link=Jacques-Gabriel Prod'homme|title=Rosalie Levasseur, Ambassadress of Opera|journal=[[The Musical Quarterly]]|volume=2|number=2|date=April 1916|pages=210–243|jstor=737954|ref={{harvid|Prod'homme|1916}}|doi=10.1093/mq/ii.2.210}}
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* {{cite book|last=Rushton|first=Julian|author-link=Julian Rushton|year=1992|chapter=Levasseur, Rosalie|title=[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]|editor=Stanley Sadie|editor-link=Stanley Sadie|location=London|isbn=0-333-73432-7}}

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Levasseur, Rosalie
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Singer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 8 October 1749
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 6 May 1826
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Levasseur, Rosalie}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Levasseur, Rosalie}}
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[[Category:French opera singers]]
[[Category:French operatic sopranos]]
[[Category:French operatic sopranos]]
[[Category:1749 births]]
[[Category:1749 births]]
[[Category:1826 deaths]]
[[Category:1826 deaths]]
[[Category:French sopranos]]
[[Category:People from Valenciennes]]
[[Category:18th-century French singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Nord (French department)]]
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[[Category:18th-century French women opera singers]]

Latest revision as of 01:20, 3 October 2023

Rosalie Levasseur

Marie-Rose-(Claude-)Josephe[1] Levasseur (or Le Vasseur), known in her day as Mademoiselle Rosalie,[2] and later commonly referred to as Rosalie Levasseur (8 October 1749 – 6 May 1826) was a French soprano who is best remembered for her work with the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck.

Biography

[edit]

Born in Valenciennes in 1749, she first appeared at the Paris Opéra in a revival of Campra's L'Europe galante in 1766. After an undistinguished beginning to her career, when she appeared only in minor roles, such as Cupid in Berton and Trial's, Théonis (1767), and La Borde's Ismène et Isménias, (1770)[3] her status in the company rapidly improved following Gluck's arrival in Paris in 1774.

The new maestro and the primadonna in office, Sophie Arnould, could not stand each other,[4] while Levasseur was the mistress of the Austrian ambassador and Gluck's countryman Florimond de Mercy-Argenteau, who exerted moreover a strong influence on the Dauphine Marie Antoinette, herself a former singing pupil of the German Kapellmeister.[5] At first 'Mlle Rosalie' was given again an insignificant role (a Greek woman) at the premiere of Iphigénie en Aulide in April, but four months later she performed the much more important part of Cupid in Orphée et Eurydice, being endowed with a second additional aria. The following year she took over from Arnould the leading roles of Iphigénie and Eurydice in the new version of the former opera and in the revivals of the latter, after which she was promoted to the company's top soprano being entrusted with the creation of the title roles in the subsequent main operas by Gluck, Alceste on 23 April 1776, Armide on 23 September 1777, and Iphigénie en Tauride on 18 May 1779.[6] She also appeared in operas by Gluck's rival Niccolò Piccinni, as well as Johann Christian Bach, André Grétry, and Antonio Sacchini.

In 1783 she handed over to Antoinette Saint-Huberty the role of Armide in Sacchini's Renaud after its third performance, and she is not known to have tried to resume her leading position at the Paris Opera thereafter,[3] just making rarer and rarer appearances in revivals. In June 1784, she performed one last time at Court in the gala entertainment in honour of the King of Sweden, Gustav III,[7] and retired officially in 1785.[3]

Julian Rushton describes Levasseur as a "powerful rather than flexible singer, with a good stage presence if unattractive features."[6]

She died in Neuwied am Rhein in 1826.

Other roles created

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

  1. ^ Thus stated by Rushton 1992; Campardon 1880, p. 127, and Pitou 1985, p. 347, report instead "Marie-Claude-Josephe" (written without dashes by the latter); and finally Prod'homme 1916, p. 211, states "Marie Rose Josephe".
  2. ^ Not to be confused with another "Mlle Rosalie" (whose complete name was Rosalie de Saint-Évreux) who was active in much the same period at the Comédie Italienne as an opéra-comique soprano.
  3. ^ a b c Pitou 1985, pp. 347–349
  4. ^ To Mlle Arnould who insisted upon new great arias to sing in Iphigénie en Aulide instead of perpetual recitative, cantankerous Gluck is reported to have once replied that, first of all, one was supposed to be able to sing (Antonia Fraser, Maria Antonietta. La solitudine di una regina, Milan, Mondadori, 2004, p. 130, ISBN 88-04-51311-X).
  5. ^ Pitou 1985, pp. 347–349. Marie Antoinette ascended the throne, as the Queen consort, in May 1774 upon her grandfather-in-law Louis XV's death, which caused the French theatres to be closed and the first run of Iphigénie en Aulide to be interrupted after its fourth performance.
  6. ^ a b Rushton 1992, p. 1158
  7. ^ Prod'homme 1916, pp. 239 et seq..
  8. ^ Original libretto, p. 4 (accessibie for free online at Gallica - B.N.F.).

Sources

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