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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{For|other fish species called leopard catfish|Leopard catfish (disambiguation){{!}}Leopard catfish}}
{{For|other fish species called leopard catfish|Leopard catfish (disambiguation){{!}}Leopard catfish}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{howto|date=July 2011}}
{{cleanup|date=July 2011}}
}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Corydoras julii h080.jpg
| image = Juliipanzerwels (Corydoras Julii) im Aquarium.jpg
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 4 august 2022">{{cite iucn |author= Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) |date=2022 |title=''Corydoras julii'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T134702401A134702405 |<!--This DOI gets past the cite IUCN checks-->doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.en |access-date=4 August 2022}} <!--This DOI links to a page-->{{doi|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.pt}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 4 august 2022">{{cite iucn |author= Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) |date=2022 |title=''Corydoras julii'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T134702401A134702405 |<!--This DOI gets past the cite IUCN checks-->doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.en |access-date=4 August 2022}} <!--This DOI links to a page-->{{doi|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.pt}}</ref>
| taxon = Corydoras julii
| taxon = Corydoras julii
| authority = [[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1906
| authority = [[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1906
}}
}}

'''''Corydoras julii''''' (also known as the '''julii cory''' or '''leopard catfish'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Corydoras-julii.html|title=Corydoras julii summary page|website=FishBase|language=en|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref>) is a small freshwater [[catfish]] native to eastern Brazil. It is often confused with ''[[Threestripe corydoras|Corydoras trilineatus]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=508 | title=Corydoras(ln9) trilineatus • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog }}</ref> the three stripe corydoras.
'''''Corydoras julii''''' (also known as the '''julii cory''' or '''leopard catfish'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Corydoras-julii.html|title=Corydoras julii summary page|website=FishBase|language=en|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref>) is a small freshwater [[catfish]] native to eastern Brazil. It is often confused with ''[[Threestripe corydoras|Corydoras trilineatus]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=508 | title=Corydoras(ln9) trilineatus • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog }}</ref> the three stripe corydoras. ''Corydoras julii'' are small, peaceful shoaling fish, and are typically kept in groups in captivity.<ref name=":2" />


== Physical appearance ==
== Physical appearance ==
''Corydoras julii'' is a relatively small species of fish, growing to be no more than 52 millimeters in length.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Corydoras (lineage 9) julii • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog |url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=378 |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.planetcatfish.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Its skin is a whitish-gray, almost transparent color with fine black spotting all over and a horizontal stripe that reaches halfway down its mid-body. This pattern helps distinguish it from the more common three stripe corydoras, which tends to have larger reticulations, as opposed to spots, and a longer mid-body stripe. ''C. julii'' might be further distinguished from ''C. trilineatus'' by the spotted pattern on its head; however, ''C. trilineatus'' can also show this pattern on occasion.<ref name=":0" /> Females are larger and rounder than males.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Captivating Cory Catfish {{!}} Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine |url=https://www.tfhmagazine.com/articles/freshwater/bottom-of-the-tank-full |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.tfhmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>
''Corydoras julii'' is a relatively small species of fish, growing to be no more than 52 millimeters in length.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Corydoras (lineage 9) julii • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog |url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=378 |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.planetcatfish.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Its skin is a translucent whitish-gray, with fine black spotting across the body and a horizontal stripe which reaches up the mid-body until it is equal with the front base of the dorsal fin. This spotting pattern is the primary visual difference between ''C. julii'' and three stripe corydoras (''C. trilineatus''), which have larger reticulations, as opposed to spots, and a longer mid-body stripe. ''C. julii'' might be further distinguished from ''C. trilineatus'' by the spotted pattern on its head; however, ''C. trilineatus'' can also show this pattern on occasion.<ref name=":0" /> Females are typically larger and rounder than males.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Captivating Cory Catfish {{!}} Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine |url=https://www.tfhmagazine.com/articles/freshwater/bottom-of-the-tank-full |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.tfhmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>


== Behavior ==
== Behavior ==


=== Feeding ===
=== Diet ===
''Corydoras julii'', like almost all [[Corydoras]] species, are bottom-feeding scavengers. Their diet consists primarily of small invertebrates which they sift from the substrate, expelling the particles of sand and sediment through their gill openings. In aquaria, they are fed sinking pellets rich in insect and other invertebrate proteins, as well as live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp, and California blackworms (''[[Lumbriculus variegatus]]'').<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Brand |first=Robert |date=2017-08-16 |title=Corydoras Julii - The Care, Feeding, and Breeding of Corydoras Julii |url=https://aquariumtidings.com/corydoras-julii-care/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Aquarium Tidings |language=en-US}}</ref> Although they will often consume sinking algae wafers, these are not considered to be nutritionally appropriate.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
''Corydoras julii'', like almost all [[Corydoras]] species, are bottom-feeding scavengers. Their diet consists primarily of small invertebrates which they sift from the substrate, expelling the particles of sand and sediment through their gill openings.
In captivity, their diet is frequently sinking pellets rich in insect and other invertebrate proteins, as well as live or frozen invertebrates like bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp, and California blackworms (''[[Lumbriculus variegatus]]'').<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Brand |first=Robert |date=2017-08-16 |title=Corydoras Julii - The Care, Feeding, and Breeding of Corydoras Julii |url=https://aquariumtidings.com/corydoras-julii-care/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Aquarium Tidings |language=en-US}}</ref>


=== Breeding ===
=== Breeding ===
⚫
After sexual maturity, ''Corydoras'' spawning appears to be triggered by storms.<ref name=":1" /> During this storm, the fish eat increased amounts of insects. The water gradually decreases temperature over the course of a few days.<ref name=":1" />
{{No sources section|date=April 2022}}{{Tone|date=April 2022}}


⚫
After sexual maturity, cory catfish spawning appears to be triggered by storms.<ref name=":1" /> During this storm, the fish eat increased amounts of insects. The water gradually decreases temperature over the course of a few days.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}

⚫
''Corydoras'' fish breed in a position resembling a "T formation", as most experts report; the female fish, enticed by the male, swims up to the male's abdomen. She will eat the sperm released by the male fish. The sperm rapidly travels though the female's intestinal tract and fertilizes the eggs in the cloaca. Small, white, sturdy eggs are laid on plant leaves in the wild, but in an aquarium, they appear to prefer smooth surfaces such as the glass. Adult corys have been known to eat their own eggs.<ref name=":1" />

In captivity, cory catfish are typically bred in groups in which males outnumber females.<ref name=":1" /> This often includes only two males and one female.<ref name=":2" /> Cory catfish are very easy to breed and often spawn in the aquarium with no help from the aquarist. Addition of large amounts of cool water to the tank can simulate a storm to trigger spawning. A diet high in protein (e.g. living California blackworms) can aid aso breeding.<ref name=":1" />


⚫
''Corydoras'' fish breed in a position resembling a "T formation". In this formation, the female swims up to the male's abdomen, and consumes sperm released by the male. The sperm rapidly travels though the female's intestinal tract and fertilizes the eggs in the cloaca. Small, white, sturdy eggs are laid on plant leaves in the wild. Adult corydoras have been known to eat their own eggs.<ref name=":1" />
=== In Aquaria ===
''Corydoras julii'' are small, unaggressive fish. They are shoaling fish, and are typically kept in groups when in captivity. They are rarely available commercially. Fish labelled as "julii corys" for sale are often the misidentified ''[[Corydoras leopardus|C. leopardus]]'' ''or C. trilineatus''.<ref name=":0" />


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Latest revision as of 02:17, 5 October 2023

For other fish species called leopard catfish, see Leopard catfish.

Corydoras julii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Callichthyidae
Genus: Corydoras
Species:
C. julii
Binomial name
Corydoras julii

Corydoras julii (also known as the julii cory or leopard catfish[2]) is a small freshwater catfish native to eastern Brazil. It is often confused with Corydoras trilineatus,[3] the three stripe corydoras. Corydoras julii are small, peaceful shoaling fish, and are typically kept in groups in captivity.[4]

Physical appearance

[edit]

Corydoras julii is a relatively small species of fish, growing to be no more than 52 millimeters in length.[5] Its skin is a translucent whitish-gray, with fine black spotting across the body and a horizontal stripe which reaches up the mid-body until it is equal with the front base of the dorsal fin. This spotting pattern is the primary visual difference between C. julii and three stripe corydoras (C. trilineatus), which have larger reticulations, as opposed to spots, and a longer mid-body stripe. C. julii might be further distinguished from C. trilineatus by the spotted pattern on its head; however, C. trilineatus can also show this pattern on occasion.[5] Females are typically larger and rounder than males.[6]

Behavior

[edit]

Diet

[edit]

Corydoras julii, like almost all Corydoras species, are bottom-feeding scavengers. Their diet consists primarily of small invertebrates which they sift from the substrate, expelling the particles of sand and sediment through their gill openings.

In captivity, their diet is frequently sinking pellets rich in insect and other invertebrate proteins, as well as live or frozen invertebrates like bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp, and California blackworms (Lumbriculus variegatus).[4]

Breeding

[edit]

After sexual maturity, Corydoras spawning appears to be triggered by storms.[6] During this storm, the fish eat increased amounts of insects. The water gradually decreases temperature over the course of a few days.[6]

Corydoras fish breed in a position resembling a "T formation". In this formation, the female swims up to the male's abdomen, and consumes sperm released by the male. The sperm rapidly travels though the female's intestinal tract and fertilizes the eggs in the cloaca. Small, white, sturdy eggs are laid on plant leaves in the wild. Adult corydoras have been known to eat their own eggs.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) (2022). "Corydoras julii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T134702401A134702405. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.en. Retrieved 4 August 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.pt
  2. ^ "Corydoras julii summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  3. ^ "Corydoras(ln9) trilineatus • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog".
  4. ^ a b Brand, Robert (2017-08-16). "Corydoras Julii - The Care, Feeding, and Breeding of Corydoras Julii". Aquarium Tidings. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  5. ^ a b "Corydoras (lineage 9) julii • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog". www.planetcatfish.com. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  6. ^ a b c d "Captivating Cory Catfish | Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine". www.tfhmagazine.com. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
[edit]
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