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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{For|other fish species called leopard catfish|Leopard catfish (disambiguation){{!}}Leopard catfish}}
{{howto|date=July 2011}}
{{cleanup|date=July 2011}}
}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Corydoras julii.jpg
| image = Juliipanzerwels (Corydoras Julii) im Aquarium.jpg
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| status = LC
| image_caption =
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| status_system = IUCN3.1
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| status =
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 4 august 2022">{{cite iucn |author= Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) |date=2022 |title=''Corydoras julii'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T134702401A134702405 |<!--This DOI gets past the cite IUCN checks-->doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.en |access-date=4 August 2022}} <!--This DOI links to a page-->{{doi|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.pt}}</ref>
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| status_system =
| taxon = Corydoras julii
| taxon = Corydoras julii
| authority = [[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1906
| authority = [[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1906
}}
}}
[[File:Corydoras julii h080.jpg|thumb|Corydoras julii]]
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'''''Corydoras julii''''' (also known as the '''julii cory''' or '''leopard catfish'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Corydoras-julii.html|title=Corydoras julii summary page|website=FishBase|language=en|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref>) is a small freshwater [[catfish]] native to eastern Brazil. It is a popular aquarium fish.

== In the aquarium ==
Julii corys are small peaceful fish, and are therefore often kept in community aquariums with other community fish. As they are shoaling fish,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=378|title=Corydoras julii • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog - PlanetCatfish.com|website=www.planetcatfish.com|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref> they are often kept in groups of more than 3 fish in aquariums. Some recommend that they be kept in at least a 20-gallon tank.


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'''''Corydoras julii''''' (also known as the '''julii cory''' or '''leopard catfish'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fishbase.us/summary/Corydoras-julii.html|title=Corydoras julii summary page|website=FishBase|language=en|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref>) is a small freshwater [[catfish]] native to eastern Brazil. It is often confused with ''[[Threestripe corydoras|Corydoras trilineatus]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=508 | title=Corydoras(ln9) trilineatus • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog }}</ref> the three stripe corydoras. ''Corydoras julii'' are small, peaceful shoaling fish, and are typically kept in groups in captivity.<ref name=":2" />
They grow to about 2-3 inches {{citation needed|date=April 2020}}. It is recommended that you provide these fish with sinking pellets along with live and frozen fish food.


== Physical appearance ==
== Physical appearance ==
''Corydoras julii'' is a relatively small species of fish, growing to be no more than 52 millimeters in length.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Corydoras (lineage 9) julii • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog |url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=378 |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.planetcatfish.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Its skin is a translucent whitish-gray, with fine black spotting across the body and a horizontal stripe which reaches up the mid-body until it is equal with the front base of the dorsal fin. This spotting pattern is the primary visual difference between ''C. julii'' and three stripe corydoras (''C. trilineatus''), which have larger reticulations, as opposed to spots, and a longer mid-body stripe. ''C. julii'' might be further distinguished from ''C. trilineatus'' by the spotted pattern on its head; however, ''C. trilineatus'' can also show this pattern on occasion.<ref name=":0" /> Females are typically larger and rounder than males.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Captivating Cory Catfish {{!}} Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine |url=https://www.tfhmagazine.com/articles/freshwater/bottom-of-the-tank-full |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.tfhmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>
Julii corys are some of the most commonly sought corys because of their beautifully patterned bodies. Their flesh is a whitish-gray, almost transparent color with fine black spotting all over. A julii cory can be distinguished from other similar 'spotted' corys by the fine spotting pattern and also their black mark on their dorsal fin; similar species have either larger spots or spots merged into short wavy lines. They grow to less than 2.5 inches long,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=378|title=Corydoras julii • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog - PlanetCatfish.com|website=www.planetcatfish.com|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref> making them one of the smaller members of the cory family. They are rarely available commercially; fish labelled as "julii corys" are often misidentified ''[[Corydoras leopardus|C. leopardus]]'', or three-stripe ("false julii") cory catfish ([[Corydoras trilineatus|C. trilineatus)]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=378|title=Corydoras julii • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog - PlanetCatfish.com|website=www.planetcatfish.com|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref>


== Feeding ==
== Behavior ==
Julii corys are scavengers and omnivores that will eat food that sinks to the bottom of the tank. In aquaria, they are often given sinking pellets or flake food. Frozen bloodworms and brine shrimp should be given as a treat; live bloodworms are also a favorite.


== Breeding ==
=== Diet ===
''Corydoras julii'', like almost all [[Corydoras]] species, are bottom-feeding scavengers. Their diet consists primarily of small invertebrates which they sift from the substrate, expelling the particles of sand and sediment through their gill openings.
Sexing corys is not very difficult provided they are in well fed and in good condition. Females are quite a bit rounder than males. Usually cory catfish are bred in groups of two males to one female. They can also be bred in a large school.


In captivity, their diet is frequently sinking pellets rich in insect and other invertebrate proteins, as well as live or frozen invertebrates like bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp, and California blackworms (''[[Lumbriculus variegatus]]'').<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Brand |first=Robert |date=2017-08-16 |title=Corydoras Julii - The Care, Feeding, and Breeding of Corydoras Julii |url=https://aquariumtidings.com/corydoras-julii-care/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Aquarium Tidings |language=en-US}}</ref>
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The fish will spawn after sexual maturity, during a storm. During this storm, the fish eat increased amounts of insects. The water gradually decreases temperature over the course of a few days {{citation needed|date=April 2020}}.


=== Breeding ===
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Corydoras fish spawn in an unusual position. They make a sort of "T formation" as most experts report, the female fish, enticed by the male, swims up to the male's abdomen. She will eat the sperm released by the male fish. the sperm rapidly travels though the female's body and fertilizes the eggs {{citation needed|date=April 2020}}. The female then lays eggs into her pelvic fins. After mating, the female will place the eggs on a surface and repeat this process.
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After sexual maturity, ''Corydoras'' spawning appears to be triggered by storms.<ref name=":1" /> During this storm, the fish eat increased amounts of insects. The water gradually decreases temperature over the course of a few days.<ref name=":1" />


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''Corydoras'' fish breed in a position resembling a "T formation". In this formation, the female swims up to the male's abdomen, and consumes sperm released by the male. The sperm rapidly travels though the female's intestinal tract and fertilizes the eggs in the cloaca. Small, white, sturdy eggs are laid on plant leaves in the wild. Adult corydoras have been known to eat their own eggs.<ref name=":1" />
Corys are egg laying fish and will lay small, white, sticky eggs on all surfaces in the aquarium, often on the glass itself. Females lay many eggs at a time though, the catfish will eat most of the eggs unless removed.


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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[[Category:Corydoras]]
[[Category:Fishkeeping]]
[[Category:Fishkeeping]]
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[[Category:Corydoras|julii]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1906]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1906]]

Latest revision as of 02:17, 5 October 2023

For other fish species called leopard catfish, see Leopard catfish.

Corydoras julii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Callichthyidae
Genus: Corydoras
Species:
C. julii
Binomial name
Corydoras julii

Corydoras julii (also known as the julii cory or leopard catfish[2]) is a small freshwater catfish native to eastern Brazil. It is often confused with Corydoras trilineatus,[3] the three stripe corydoras. Corydoras julii are small, peaceful shoaling fish, and are typically kept in groups in captivity.[4]

Physical appearance

[edit]

Corydoras julii is a relatively small species of fish, growing to be no more than 52 millimeters in length.[5] Its skin is a translucent whitish-gray, with fine black spotting across the body and a horizontal stripe which reaches up the mid-body until it is equal with the front base of the dorsal fin. This spotting pattern is the primary visual difference between C. julii and three stripe corydoras (C. trilineatus), which have larger reticulations, as opposed to spots, and a longer mid-body stripe. C. julii might be further distinguished from C. trilineatus by the spotted pattern on its head; however, C. trilineatus can also show this pattern on occasion.[5] Females are typically larger and rounder than males.[6]

Behavior

[edit]

Diet

[edit]

Corydoras julii, like almost all Corydoras species, are bottom-feeding scavengers. Their diet consists primarily of small invertebrates which they sift from the substrate, expelling the particles of sand and sediment through their gill openings.

In captivity, their diet is frequently sinking pellets rich in insect and other invertebrate proteins, as well as live or frozen invertebrates like bloodworms, daphnia, brine shrimp, and California blackworms (Lumbriculus variegatus).[4]

Breeding

[edit]

After sexual maturity, Corydoras spawning appears to be triggered by storms.[6] During this storm, the fish eat increased amounts of insects. The water gradually decreases temperature over the course of a few days.[6]

Corydoras fish breed in a position resembling a "T formation". In this formation, the female swims up to the male's abdomen, and consumes sperm released by the male. The sperm rapidly travels though the female's intestinal tract and fertilizes the eggs in the cloaca. Small, white, sturdy eggs are laid on plant leaves in the wild. Adult corydoras have been known to eat their own eggs.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) (2022). "Corydoras julii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T134702401A134702405. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.en. Retrieved 4 August 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T134702401A134702405.pt
  2. ^ "Corydoras julii summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  3. ^ "Corydoras(ln9) trilineatus • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog".
  4. ^ a b Brand, Robert (2017-08-16). "Corydoras Julii - The Care, Feeding, and Breeding of Corydoras Julii". Aquarium Tidings. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  5. ^ a b "Corydoras (lineage 9) julii • Callichthyidae • Cat-eLog". www.planetcatfish.com. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  6. ^ a b c d "Captivating Cory Catfish | Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine". www.tfhmagazine.com. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
[edit]
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