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#REDIRECT [[Humera massacre (2020)]]
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{{Short description|Ethnic massacre as part of the Tigray War in 2020}}
[[File:Humera in Tigray near the border with Sudan and Eritrea14.jpg|thumb|Humera in Tigray near the border with Sudan and Eritrea]]
{{Infobox civilian attack
| date = early November 2020<ref name="telegraph_11_23" /><ref name="NYT_massacres_by_Amharans" />
| title = Humera massacre
| location = [[Humera]], [[Tigray Region]], Ethiopia
| partof = [[Tigray conflict]]
| map = {{Location map|Ethiopia#Tigray Region|lat_deg = 14.3 |lon_deg = 36.617 |label = Humera| border = none | float = center|caption = }}
| map_caption = Location of [[Humera]] in Ethiopia
| fatalities = 92<ref name="telegraph_11_23" /><ref>https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X9iK4jPtdgREXCfS1UJ1MhrkuvWhwNjl/view</ref>
| target = [[Tigrayans]]<ref name="telegraph_11_23" />
| type = {{plainlist|
* [[Mass killing]]
* [[Ethnic cleansing]]}}
| perps = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Amhara}} Amharan militias/[[Fano (militia)|Fano]], per ''[[Daily Telegraph|Telegraph]]'', ''[[The New York Times|NYT]]'', ''[[Ethiopian Human Rights Commission|EHRC]]'';<ref name="telegraph_11_23" /><ref name="NYT_massacres_by_Amharans" />
* {{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[Ethiopian National Defense Force|ENDF]], per ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]''<ref name="Guard_people_dying" />}}
}}
The '''Humera massacre''' was an [[ethnic cleansing|ethnic]] [[mass murder]] event carried out in early November 2020 in the town of [[Humera]] in the [[Tigray Region]] of northwestern [[Ethiopia]], next to the [[Ethiopia–Sudan border|Sudanese border]]. The massacre took place during [[Tigray conflict|an armed conflict]] between the regional government of the [[Tigray People's Liberation Front]] (TPLF) and the federal [[government of Ethiopia]]. Refugees attributed the massacre to Amharan militias, including [[Fano (militia)|Fano]],<ref name="telegraph_11_23" /><ref name="NYT_massacres_by_Amharans" /> and the [[Ethiopian National Defense Force]] (ENDF).<ref name="Guard_people_dying" />

==Background==
During the [[Tigray conflict]], the ENDF claimed to have obtained control of [[Humera Airport]], 70 km south of Humera, on 10 November<ref name="AJE_Humera_Airport_10November" /> and claimed to gain control of Humera on 12 November.<ref name="ETObserver_70_burial_pits" />

==Timeline==
These massacres include:<ref name="atlas">Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., [[Jan Nyssen |Nyssen, J.]], 2021. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349824181 Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation]</ref>
* on 9 November 2020: 46 civilians killed
* on 10 November: 8 civilians killed
* on 1 March 2021: 30 civilians killed
* on 2 March: 80 civilians killed
* on 3 March: 140 civilians killed
Typical massacres committed by Amhara militia and Ethiopian soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole such as in case of mass killings in churches.<ref>Jan Nyssen on The World radio (2 April 2021): [https://www.pri.org/file/2021-04-02/counting-victims-tigray Counting the victims in Tigray]</ref> In Humera, there appears to have been an additional ethnic cleansing dimension.

==Testimonies==
Refugees who had been interviewed by the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' implicated the Ethiopian military and Amhara militias in a massacre in [[Humera]] on unknown dates in early November 2020. The refugees stated that they "were attacked by knife-wielding militiamen from the neighbouring Amhara region, who had joined forces with federal troops and cut people to death as they tried to escape." Zenebe, an ethnic Tigrayan, stated, "The soldiers of Abiy Ahmed didn't differentiate between people. They crushed all the people. It is like a genocide." Gidey, also a Tigrayan, stated, "I saw soldiers kill a taxi man and the two people in the taxi because there was a poster of the Tigrayan president in the car." One witness said that he had seen twenty bodies killed by knives, guns and shelling.<ref name="telegraph_11_23" />

A 54-year old refugee interviewed by ''[[The Guardian]]'', Gush Tela from Humera, stated that he was beaten by federal security forces "until he was covered in blood and could not walk". He stated that the federal forces transferred him to an Amharan youth group, ''[[Fano (militia)|Fano]]'', who freed him. Tela stated that the Fano were ordered to destroy Humera and "'finish' Tigrayans". Tela said that he witnessed a man "[[decapitation|beheaded]] with machetes". Other refugees showed wounds that they attributed to "knife and machete attacks by Fano militia".<ref name="Guard_people_dying" /> A Humera resident, Meles, interviewed by ''[[The New York Times]]'' in a refugee camp, stated that the Amharan militias that arrived in Humera had "cut people's heads".<ref name="NYT_massacres_by_Amharans" />

On 23 November, [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] stated that the administration of the conquered parts of [[Western Tigray]] had been taken over by officials from Amhara Region.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-23|title=Inside Humera, a town scarred by Ethiopia s war|newspaper=[[Al Jazeera English]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2020/11/23/in-pictures-inside-a-tigray-town-scarred-by-ethiopian-conflict/|access-date=2020-11-24}}</ref>

==EHRC visit==
Based on its 14–18 November 2020 visit to [[Dansha]], Humera and [[Mai Kadra]] and a visit to Mekelle and other parts of Tigray Region starting on 10 January 2021, the [[Ethiopian Human Rights Commission]] (EHRC) reported a Humera hospital employee's count of the war deaths as 92, including ENDF, TPLF and civilians. Security was mainly controlled by Amhara Liyu Hayl and militia. Looting by [[Fano (militia)|Fano]], Amhara Liyu Hayl and militia, and ENDF and [[Eritrean Defence Forces]] (EDF) soldiers was reported, as well as harassment of ethnic Tigrayan residents.<ref name="EHRC_Humera_Dansha_Bissober" />

==Wider region==
Ashenafi Hailu, an ethnic Tigrayan, survived a massacre on a road during the Tigrayan conflict, and fled to the [[Hamdayet Border Reception Centre]] in Sudan as a refugee.<ref name="NYT_massacres_by_Amharans" />

===Location specific===
The [[Mai Kadra massacre]] of 600 people took place during the night of 9–10 November 2020 in [[Mai Kadra]]. [[Amnesty International]] and the [[Ethiopian Human Rights Commission]] issued reports of preliminary investigations stating that Amharans were the victims of the Tigrayan ''Samri'' militia.<ref name="amnesty_11_12" /><ref name="EHRC_Preliminary" /> [[Thomson Reuters]] and the ''[[Financial Times]]'' each interviewed a refugee who attributed the perpetrators as Amharan militias.<ref name="Reuters_11_12_2" /><ref name="ft_9_12" />

On 29 November, the [[Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation]] stated that 70 burial pits containing bodies were found close to [[Humera Airport]]. In the televised report, an anonymous military official attributed the deaths to the TPLF.<ref name="ETObserver_70_burial_pits" />

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="AJE_Humera_Airport_10November">{{cite news | title= Ethiopian military seizes airport as fighting rages in Tigray | date= 2020-11-11 |newspaper= [[Al Jazeera English]] | url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/10/ethiopias-pm-not-rebuffing-calls-for-calm-as-clashes-continue |access-date=2020-12-10 |archive-url= https://archive.today/SH6cm |archive-date= 2020-12-10 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="telegraph_11_23">{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Will |title=After the bombs they attacked with knives, claim Ethiopians fleeing peace prize winner's war |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/11/23/ethiopia-unleashes-bombing-knife-wielding-militias-civilians/ |access-date=24 November 2020 |newspaper=The [[Daily Telegraph]] |date=23 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/f1c6D |archive-date=2020-11-24|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Guard_people_dying">{{cite news | last1= Akinwotu | first1= Emmanuel | title= 'I saw people dying on the road': Tigray's traumatised war refugees | date= 2020-12-02 |newspaper= [[The Guardian]] | url= https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/dec/02/tigray-war-refugees-ethiopia-sudan |access-date=2020-12-02 |archive-url= https://archive.today/6LuVk |archive-date= 2020-12-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="NYT_massacres_by_Amharans">{{cite news | last1= Latif Dahir | first1= Abdi | title= Fleeing Ethiopians Tell of Ethnic Massacres in Tigray War | date= 2020-12-09 |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/world/africa/ethiopia-tigray-sudan.html |access-date=2020-12-09 |archive-url= https://archive.today/fYp9x |archive-date= 2020-12-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="amnesty_11_12">{{cite web |title=Ethiopia: Investigation reveals evidence that scores of civilians were killed in massacre in Tigray state |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/11/ethiopia-investigation-reveals-evidence-that-scores-of-civilians-were-killed-in-massacre-in-tigray-state/ |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/Ro3ff |archive-date=2020-11-21 |date=12 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="EHRC_Preliminary">{{cite web |title=Rapid Investigation into Grave Human Rights Violations in Maikadra: Preliminary Findings |url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vS-0N8xCDZDRAM5lzBAELTVjqfKLrzJha8xpKdqh1OE/mobilebasic |publisher=Ethiopian Human Rights Commission |access-date=24 November 2020 |location=Addis Ababa |language=en |format=Digital report |date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/g48Ft |archive-date=2020-11-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Reuters_11_12_2">{{cite news |last1=Khalid Abdelaziz |first1= El Tayeb Siddig |title=Ethiopians fleeing to Sudan describe air strikes and machete killings in Tigray|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-conflict-sudan-bombings-idUSKBN27T1OP |access-date=14 November 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/xn2UM |archive-date=2020-11-26 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ft_9_12">{{cite news |first1=Andres |last1=Schipani|title=Refugees flee Ethiopia's brutal war with tales of atrocities on both sides |url=https://www.ft.com/content/31bd995c-5991-4247-9f69-cea858895fb1 |access-date=9 December 2020 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |date=2020-12-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/imq7B |archive-date=2020-12-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ETObserver_70_burial_pits">{{cite news | title= 70 clandestine burial pits found in Humera-reports | date= 2020-11-29 |newspaper= [[Ethiopia Observer]] | url= https://www.ethiopiaobserver.com/2020/11/29/70-clandestine-burial-pits-found-in-humera-reports/ |access-date=2020-12-10 |archive-url= https://archive.today/eZ0Uz |archive-date= 2020-12-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="EHRC_Humera_Dansha_Bissober">{{cite web |author1=Ethiopian Human Rights Commission | authorlink = Ethiopian Human Rights Commission | title= Brief Monitoring Report on the Situation of Civilians in Humera, Dansha and Bissober |date = 2021-01-18 | url = https://doc-14-bg-docs.googleusercontent.com/docs/securesc/ha0ro937gcuc7l7deffksulhg5h7mbp1/h23dd7vch6vpm7643s6am707hh4og6fk/1611109125000/00455099790042474729/*/1X9iK4jPtdgREXCfS1UJ1MhrkuvWhwNjl?e=download | access-date = 2021-01-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210120021947/https://doc-14-bg-docs.googleusercontent.com/docs/securesc/ha0ro937gcuc7l7deffksulhg5h7mbp1/h23dd7vch6vpm7643s6am707hh4og6fk/1611109125000/00455099790042474729/*/1X9iK4jPtdgREXCfS1UJ1MhrkuvWhwNjl?e=download |archive-date= 2021-01-20 |url-status=live }}</ref>


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{{Tigray conflict}}

[[Category:Massacres in Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Tigray conflict]]
[[Category:November 2020 crimes in Africa]]
[[Category:Massacres in 2020]]
[[Category:Ethnic cleansing]]
[[Category:2020 in Ethiopia]]
[[Category:2020 crimes in Ethiopia]]
[[Category:2020 murders in Africa]]
[[Category:2020s murders in Ethiopia]]

Latest revision as of 21:28, 14 October 2023

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