Microanalysis: Difference between revisions
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'''Microanalysis''' is the [[chemistry|chemical]] identification and [[Quantitative analysis (chemistry)|quantitative analysis]] of very small amounts of [[chemical substance]]s (generally less than 10 mg or 1 ml) or very small surfaces of material (generally less than 1 cm<sup>2</sup>). One of the pioneers in the microanalysis of [[chemical element]]s was the Austrian [[Nobel Prize]] winner [[Fritz Pregl]].<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1923/index.html ''The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923''. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2014-08-06</ref> |
'''Microanalysis''' is the [[chemistry|chemical]] identification and [[Quantitative analysis (chemistry)|quantitative analysis]] of very small amounts of [[chemical substance]]s (generally less than 10 mg or 1 ml) or very small surfaces of material (generally less than 1 cm<sup>2</sup>). One of the pioneers in the microanalysis of [[chemical element]]s was the Austrian [[Nobel Prize]] winner [[Fritz Pregl]].<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1923/index.html ''The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923''. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2014-08-06</ref> |
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== Methods == |
== Methods == |
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The most known methods used in microanalysis |
The most known methods used in microanalysis include: |
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* Most of the [[spectroscopy]] methods: [[ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy]], [[infrared spectroscopy]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance]], [[X-ray fluorescence]] |
* Most of the [[spectroscopy]] methods: [[ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy]], [[infrared spectroscopy]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance]], [[X-ray fluorescence]], [[Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy]], [[Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy]], and [[mass spectrometry]] |
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* Most of the [[chromatography]] methods : [[high-performance liquid chromatography]], [[Gel permeation chromatography]]; |
* Most of the [[chromatography]] methods : [[high-performance liquid chromatography]], [[Gel permeation chromatography]]; |
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* Some [[thermal analysis]] methods: [[differential scanning calorimetry]], [[thermogravimetric analysis]]; |
* Some [[thermal analysis]] methods: [[differential scanning calorimetry]], [[thermogravimetric analysis]]; |
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== Advantages == |
== Advantages == |
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Compared to normal analyses methods, microanalysis: |
Compared to normal analyses methods, microanalysis: |
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* Can resolve fine-scale variations in chemical elements. |
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* Requires less time for preparation |
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* Can be used to identify the presence and distribution of different phases in materials. |
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* Requires less sample and [[solvent]] and thus produces less waste and is more cost effective. |
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* Requires less sample material and therefore can provide information on microscopic objects. |
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== Disadvantages == |
== Disadvantages == |
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* Handling of small quantities is not always simple. |
* Handling of small quantities is not always simple. |
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* Higher accuracy of weighing is necessary (e.g. use of accurate [[Weighing scale#Analytical balance|balance]]). |
* Higher accuracy of weighing is necessary (e.g. use of accurate [[Weighing scale#Analytical balance|balance]]). |
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* Sample surface preparation can have a major impact on measurement results. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Analytical chemistry]] |
[[Category:Analytical chemistry]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:03, 19 October 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2021) |
Microanalysis is the chemical identification and quantitative analysis of very small amounts of chemical substances (generally less than 10 mg or 1 ml) or very small surfaces of material (generally less than 1 cm2). One of the pioneers in the microanalysis of chemical elements was the Austrian Nobel Prize winner Fritz Pregl.[1]
Methods
[edit]The most known methods used in microanalysis include:
- Most of the spectroscopy methods: ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray fluorescence, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry
- Most of the chromatography methods : high-performance liquid chromatography, Gel permeation chromatography;
- Some thermal analysis methods: differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis;
- Electrophoresis;
- Field flow fractionation;
- X-ray diffraction;
- Combustion analysis.
Advantages
[edit]Compared to normal analyses methods, microanalysis:
- Can resolve fine-scale variations in chemical elements.
- Can be used to identify the presence and distribution of different phases in materials.
- Requires less sample material and therefore can provide information on microscopic objects.
Disadvantages
[edit]- Handling of small quantities is not always simple.
- Higher accuracy of weighing is necessary (e.g. use of accurate balance).
- Sample surface preparation can have a major impact on measurement results.
References
[edit]- ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1923/index.html The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2014-08-06
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