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In law, a '''Qualified Institutional Buyer''' is a purchaser of [[securities]] that is financially sophisticated and is legally recognized by security market regulators to need less protection from sellers than most members of the public. For [[mutual fund]]s it is generally an investor that is investing a large amount of money and presumably also meets the legal conditions in the country where the fund is located.
A '''qualified institutional buyer''' ('''QIB'''), in United States law and finance, is a purchaser of [[securities]] that is deemed financially sophisticated and is legally recognized by securities market regulators to need less protection from issuers than most public investors. Typically, the qualifications for this designation are based on an investor's total [[assets under management]] and specific legal conditions in the country where the fund is located. [[Rule 144A]] requires an institution to manage at least $100 million in securities from issuers not affiliated with the institution to be considered a QIB. If the institution is a bank or savings and loans thrift they must have a net worth of at least $25 million. If the institution is a registered dealer acting for its own account it must in the aggregate own and invest on a discretionary basis at least $10 million of securities of issuers not affiliated with the dealer.


Certain [[private placement]]s of [[stock|stocks]] and [[Bond (finance)|bonds]] are made available only to qualified institutional buyers to limit regulatory restrictions and public filing requirements.
==Country Specific Laws==
===India===
The [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] has defined a Qualified Institutional Buyer as follows:{{Fact|date=February 2007}}


== Requirements ==
"Qualified Institutional Buyers are those institutional investors who are generally perceived to possess expertise and the financial muscle to evaluate and invest in the capital markets. In terms of clause 2.2.2B (v) of DIP Guidelines, a ‘Qualified Institutional Buyer’ shall mean:
The [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] (SEC) requires that an entity meet one of the following requirements to qualify as a QIB:
* Any of the following entities, acting for its own account or the accounts of other QIBs, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis at least $100 million in securities of issuers that are not affiliated with the entity:
:* An insurance company
:* An investment company registered under the [[Investment Company Act of 1940]]
:* A Small Business Investment Company licensed by the US Small Business Administration under the [[Small Business Investment Act of 1958]]
:* A plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or state agency, for the benefit of its employees
:* An employee benefit plan falling under the [[Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974]]
:* A trust fund whose trustee is a bank or trust company and whose participants are exclusively plans established for the benefit of state employees or employee benefit plans, except trust funds that include as participants individual retirement accounts or H.R. 10 plans
:* A business development company as defined in section 202(a)(22) of the [[Investment Advisers Act of 1940]].
:* A 501(c)(3) charitable organization, corporation (other than a bank or a savings and loan association), partnership, or Massachusetts or similar business trust; and
:* An investment adviser registered under the [[Investment Advisers Act of 1940]].
* Any registered dealer, acting for its own account or the accounts of other QIBs, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis at least $10 million of securities of issuers that are not affiliated with the dealer.
* Any registered dealer acting in a [[riskless principal]] transaction on behalf of a ''qualified institutional buyer''.
* Any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, acting for its own account or for the accounts of other QIBs, that is part of a family of investment companies which own in the aggregate at least $100 million in securities of issuers, other than issuers that are affiliated with the investment company or are part of such family of investment companies.
* Any entity, all of the equity owners of which are QIBs, acting for its own account or the accounts of other QIBs.
* Any bank or any savings and loan association or other institution, acting for its own account or the accounts of other QIBs, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis at least $100 million in securities of issuers that are not affiliated with it and that has an audited net worth of at least $25 million as demonstrated in its latest annual financial statements, as of a date not more than 16 months preceding the date of sale under [[Rule 144A]] in the case of a US bank or savings and loan association, and not more than 18 months preceding the date of sale for a foreign bank or savings and loan association or equivalent institution.<ref>[http://us.practicallaw.com/1-382-3730 PLC - Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB)]</ref>


==See also==
"a) Public financial institution as defined in section 4A of the Companies Act, 1956;
*[[Accredited investor]]

*[[Private placement]]
"b) Scheduled commercial banks;
*[[Rule 144A]]

*[[Regulation D (SEC)|Reg D]]
"c) [[Mutual funds]];
*[[Investment Company Act of 1940]]

*[[Securities Act of 1933]]
"d) Foreign institutional investor registered with [[SEBI]];
*[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]

"e) Multilateral and bilateral development financial institutions;

"f) [[Venture capital]] funds registered with SEBI.

"g) Foreign [[Venture capital]] investors registered with SEBI.

"h) State Industrial Development Corporations.

"i) Insurance Companies registered with the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA).

"j) Provident Funds with minimum corpus of Rs.25 crores

"k) [[Pension]] Funds with minimum corpus of Rs. 25 crores

"These entities are not required to be registered with SEBI as QIBs. Any entities falling under the categories specified above are considered as QIBs for the purpose of participating in primary issuance process."

===United States===
The term "qualified institutional buyer" or "QIB" is defined by the [[United States Securities and Exchange Commission]] in Rule 144A under the [[Securities Act of 1933|Securities Act]]. Generally it is an entity owning and investing large amounts of securities, with the threshold ranging from $10 million to $100 million of securities not affiliated with the entity and dependent on the type of entity.<ref>{{cite web | title=Defining the Term "Qualified Purchaser" under the Securities Act of 1933 | work=Securities and Exchange Commission 17 CFR Part 230 [Release No. 33-8041; File No. S7-23-01] | url=http://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/33-8041.htm | accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> They are eligible to participate in a restricted market known as the "Rule 144A market" that is not available to the public because the issuer of the securities has not chosen to spend the money and effort to make the required public disclosures and to register the securities.<ref>{{cite web | title=Qualified Institutional Buyer - QIB | work=Investopedia.com | url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/qib.asp | accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<div class="references-small">
<references/>
<div>


[[Category:Financial regulation]]
[[Category:Financial regulation]]


{{econ-stub}}

Latest revision as of 01:30, 23 October 2023

A qualified institutional buyer (QIB), in United States law and finance, is a purchaser of securities that is deemed financially sophisticated and is legally recognized by securities market regulators to need less protection from issuers than most public investors. Typically, the qualifications for this designation are based on an investor's total assets under management and specific legal conditions in the country where the fund is located. Rule 144A requires an institution to manage at least $100 million in securities from issuers not affiliated with the institution to be considered a QIB. If the institution is a bank or savings and loans thrift they must have a net worth of at least $25 million. If the institution is a registered dealer acting for its own account it must in the aggregate own and invest on a discretionary basis at least $10 million of securities of issuers not affiliated with the dealer.

Certain private placements of stocks and bonds are made available only to qualified institutional buyers to limit regulatory restrictions and public filing requirements.

Requirements

[edit]

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that an entity meet one of the following requirements to qualify as a QIB:

  • Any of the following entities, acting for its own account or the accounts of other QIBs, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis at least $100 million in securities of issuers that are not affiliated with the entity:
  • An insurance company
  • An investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940
  • A Small Business Investment Company licensed by the US Small Business Administration under the Small Business Investment Act of 1958
  • A plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or state agency, for the benefit of its employees
  • An employee benefit plan falling under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
  • A trust fund whose trustee is a bank or trust company and whose participants are exclusively plans established for the benefit of state employees or employee benefit plans, except trust funds that include as participants individual retirement accounts or H.R. 10 plans
  • A business development company as defined in section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
  • A 501(c)(3) charitable organization, corporation (other than a bank or a savings and loan association), partnership, or Massachusetts or similar business trust; and
  • An investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
  • Any registered dealer, acting for its own account or the accounts of other QIBs, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis at least $10 million of securities of issuers that are not affiliated with the dealer.
  • Any registered dealer acting in a riskless principal transaction on behalf of a qualified institutional buyer.
  • Any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, acting for its own account or for the accounts of other QIBs, that is part of a family of investment companies which own in the aggregate at least $100 million in securities of issuers, other than issuers that are affiliated with the investment company or are part of such family of investment companies.
  • Any entity, all of the equity owners of which are QIBs, acting for its own account or the accounts of other QIBs.
  • Any bank or any savings and loan association or other institution, acting for its own account or the accounts of other QIBs, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis at least $100 million in securities of issuers that are not affiliated with it and that has an audited net worth of at least $25 million as demonstrated in its latest annual financial statements, as of a date not more than 16 months preceding the date of sale under Rule 144A in the case of a US bank or savings and loan association, and not more than 18 months preceding the date of sale for a foreign bank or savings and loan association or equivalent institution.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ PLC - Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB)
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