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{{Short description|Russian statesman}}
[[File:Valuyev.jpg|thumb|225px|Portrait by [[Ivan Kramskoi]].]]
{{Infobox person
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Count '''Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev''' (alternative spelling '''Peter Alexandrovich Valuyev'''; {{lang-ru|Пётр Алекса́ндрович Валу́ев}}; September 22, 1815 – January 27, 1890), was a [[Russia]]n statesman and writer.
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| name = Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev
| image = Valuyev.jpg<!-- Don't change this image. This was drawn by his pupil. It is the ONLY certain likeness. -->
| caption = Portrait by [[Ivan Kramskoi]]
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| birth_date = 22 September 1815
| birth_place = [[Tsaritsyno District|Tsaritsyno District, Russia]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1890|1|27|1815|6|22}}
| death_place = [[St. Petersburg|St. Petersburg, Russia]]
}}
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'''Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev'''<ref>Also [[Romanization of Russian|transliterated]] '''Peter Alexandrovich Valuyev'''.</ref> ({{lang-rus|Граф Пётр Алекса́ндрович Валу́ев}}; September 22, 1815 – January 27, 1890) was a Russian politician and writer.


==Political career==
== Biography ==
Valuev was born in the [[Tsaritsyno District]] of Moscow on September 22, 1815.
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Valuev served as Emperor [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]]'s [[List of Ministers of Interior of Imperial Russia|Minister of Interior]] between April 23, 1861 and March 9, 1868 and as [[Minister of State Assets]] from February 17, 1872 through 1877. In 1877 he was made Chairman of the [[Committee of Ministers]]. In 1880 his influence began to decline when he was eclipsed by his opponent, [[Count Loris-Melikov]]. Valuev was sent into retirement in October 1881 by the son of the recently assassinated Alexander II, [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]]. Throughout most of his adult life, Valuev kept a diary, which was published after his death and has proved to be an important source of information on the inner circle of the [[Russian Empire]] in the 19th century.


Valuev served as Emperor [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]]'s [[List of Ministers of Interior of Imperial Russia|Minister of Interior]] between April 23, 1861 to March 9, 1868, and as [[Minister of State Assets]] from February 17, 1872 to 1877.
==Writing career==
[[File:Pyotr Valuev depicted during a performance against Russification of Ukraine.jpg|200px|thumb|right|"Pyotr Valuyev" and his "[[Valuev Circular|Circular]]" near the [[Office of the President of Ukraine|Administration of the President of Ukraine]]. Performance against [[Russification of Ukraine|Russification]] and with the demand of legislative protection for the Ukrainian language. [[Day of Ukrainian Literature and Language]], 2015.<ref>[https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news/27353978.html Activists demanded a special status for the Ukrainian language near the Presidential Administration] [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]</ref>]]
⚫
Valuev was always close to the literary world. In 1834 he was transferred from [[Moscow]] to St. Petersburg and became acquainted with prominent Russian poets [[Aleksandr Pushkin]] and [[Pyotr Vyazemsky]]. Valuev may have served as one of the prototypes for the protagonist of Pushkin's novel ''[[The Captain's Daughter (opera)|The Captain's Daughter]]'' (1836) and the same year he married Vyazemsky's daughter.
In 1863, he drafted a secret decree, which later became known as the [[Valuev Circular]] that forbade the publication of religious, as well as educational books, along with those intended for the initial literacy instruction of the commoners, in the [[Ukrainian language]]. Only [[belles-lettres]] was allowed to be published.<ref>[[Andrii Danylenko]] ''[https://www.academia.edu/3879076/Valuev_Circular_of_1863 The Ukrainian Bible and the Valuev Circular ofJuly 18, 1863]'', Acta Slavica Iaponica, Tomus 28 (2010), pp. 1‒21</ref> In his secret instruction issued on 30 July, 1863, informing the minister of education of the ban, he wrote that the Ukrainian language, separate from Russian, "didn’t exist, doesn’t exist, and can’t exist".<ref>''Valuev, Petr'' article in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993)</ref>


The Valuev Circular is considered one of the most vivid manifestations of the [[Chauvinism|chauvinist]] policy of the [[Tsarist autocracy|Russian autocracy]], aimed at strengthening [[Russification of Ukraine|Russification]], national, spiritual and political oppression of the Ukrainian people.<ref>[http://cyclop.com.ua/content/view/239/58/1/6/ Стаття «Валуєвський циркуляр 1863»] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217012637/http://cyclop.com.ua/content/view/239/58/1/6/|date=17 лютого 2010}} Юридична енциклопедія: В 6 т. /Редкол.: Ю70 Ю.&nbsp;С.&nbsp;Шемшученко (голова редкол.) та ін.&nbsp;— К.: «Укр. енцикл.», 1998. {{ISBN|966-7492-00-1}}</ref>
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Valuev began writing fiction in the 1870s while still serving in the government. His first novel, "Lorin", was finished in 1878 and circulated in manuscript, although it remained unpublished until 1882. Once he was retired, he concentrated on writing and published four novels, essays on history of [[Christianity]] and a devotional calendar with his poetry prior to his death in 1890 at [[St. Petersburg]].


⚫
In 1877, he was made Chairman of the [[Committee of Ministers]]. In 1880, his influence began to decline when he was eclipsed by his opponent, [[Count Loris-Melikov]]. Valuev was sent into retirement in October 1881 by the son of the recently assassinated Alexander II, [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]], since as Minister of State Assets, he had held final responsibility for the so-called plundering of the Bashkir lands in the 1870s.
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==Works==
===Non-fiction===
* ''Dnevnik'' (''Diary''), full publication 1919, 1961 reprint.


⚫
Valuev was always close to the literary world. In 1834 he was transferred from Moscow to St. Petersburg and became acquainted with prominent Russian poets [[Aleksandr Pushkin]] and [[Pyotr Vyazemsky]]. Valuev may have served as one of the prototypes for the protagonist of Pushkin's novel ''[[The Captain's Daughter (opera)|The Captain's Daughter]]'' (1836), and the same year he married Vyazemsky's daughter.
===Novels===

* ''Lorin'', 1882.
⚫
Valuev began writing fiction in the 1870s while still serving in the government. His first novel, ''Lorin'' (1878) was circulated in manuscript, although it remained unpublished until 1882. Once he was retired, he concentrated on writing and published four novels, essays on history of Christianity and a devotional calendar with his poetry prior to his death in 1890 in [[St. Petersburg]].
* ''Cherny vor'', 1887.

* ''U pokrova v Levshine'', 1881, 1892.
Throughout most of his adult life, Valuev kept a diary, which was published after his death and has proved to be an important source of information on the inner circle of the [[Russian Empire]] in the 19th century.
* ''Knyazhna Tatyana'' (also ''Knyaginya Tatyana'', ''Princess Tatyana''), 1891


==See also==
==See also==
{{Commonscat|Pyotr Valuev}}
* [[Valuev Circular]]
* [[Valuev Circular]]
* [[Russification of Ukraine]]


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==Notes==
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{{s-start}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{succession box | before = [[Sergey Lanskoy]]
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| title = [[List of Ministers of Interior of Imperial Russia|Minister of Interior]]
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| years = April 23, 1861 &ndash; March 9, 1868
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| after = [[Alexander Timashev]]}}
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{{succession box | before = [[Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev]]
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| title = [[Russian Council of Ministers|Chairman of the Committee of Ministers]]
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| years = 1877 &ndash; October 4, 1881
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| after = [[Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov]]}}
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{{s-end}}


==References==
==References==
* Yu. V. Zeldich. ''Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev i ego vremya'' (''Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev and His Time''), Moscow, Agraf, 2005, ISBN 5-7784-0242-2, 676p.
* Yu. V. Zeldich. ''Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev i ego vremya'' (''Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev and His Time''), Moscow, Agraf, 2005, {{ISBN|5-7784-0242-2}}, 676p.
* James A. Malloy, Jr. "Petr Aleksandrovich Valuev" in ''The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History'', volume 41, Academic International Press, 1996-2003
* James A. Malloy, Jr. "Petr Aleksandrovich Valuev" in ''The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History'', volume 41, Academic International Press, 1996-2003
* N.R. Antonov. "Graf Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev" in ''Russkie svetskie bogoslovy i ih religiozno-obschetvennoe mirosozertsanie'', volume 1, St. Petersburg, 1912, reprinted in Pyotr Valuev. ''Cherny bor: Povesti, stat'i'', Moscow, Agraf, 2002.
* N.R. Antonov. "Graf Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev" in ''Russkie svetskie bogoslovy i ih religiozno-obschetvennoe mirosozertsanie'', volume 1, St. Petersburg, 1912, reprinted in Pyotr Valuev. ''Cherny bor: Povesti, stat'i'', Moscow, Agraf, 2002.


==External links==
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
* [https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CV%5CA%5CValuevPetr.htm Pyotr Valuyev] in the [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]
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| NAME = Valuev, Pyotr

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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{{s-start}}
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Russian noble
{{succession box
⚫
| DATE OF BIRTH = September 22, 1815
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| before = [[Sergey Lanskoy]]
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
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| title = [[List of Ministers of Interior of Imperial Russia|Minister of Interior]]
| DATE OF DEATH = January 27, 1890
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| years = 23 April 1861 &ndash; 9 March 1868
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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| after = [[Alexander Timashev]]
}}
}}
{{succession box
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Valuev, Pyotr}}
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| before = [[Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev]]
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[[Category:Imperial Russian politicians]]
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| title = [[Russian Council of Ministers|Chairman of the Committee of Ministers]]
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[[Category:Interior ministers of Russia]]
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| years = 1877 &ndash; 4 October 1881
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[[Category:Members of the State Council of the Russian Empire]]
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| after = [[Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov]]
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[[Category:Russian nobility]]
}}
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[[Category:Imperial Russian novelists]]
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{{s-end}}
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[[Category:Imperial Russian poets]]
{{Russification}}
{{Authority control}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Valuyev, Pyotr}}
[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:1890 deaths]]
[[Category:1890 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Moscow Governorate]]
[[Category:Politicians from the Russian Empire]]
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[[Category:Interior ministers of the Russian Empire]]
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[[Category:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)]]
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[[Category:Nobility from the Russian Empire]]
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[[Category:Novelists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Male writers from the Russian Empire]]
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[[Category:Male poets from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Anti-Ukrainian sentiment]]
[[Category:19th-century poets from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery]]
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[[Category:Russification]]

Latest revision as of 21:58, 24 October 2023

Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev
Portrait by Ivan Kramskoi
Born22 September 1815
Tsaritsyno District, Russia
Died27 January 1890(1890-01-27) (aged 74)
St. Petersburg, Russia

Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev[1] (Russian: Граф Пётр Алекса́ндрович Валу́ев; September 22, 1815 – January 27, 1890) was a Russian politician and writer.

Biography

[edit]

Valuev was born in the Tsaritsyno District of Moscow on September 22, 1815.

Valuev served as Emperor Alexander II's Minister of Interior between April 23, 1861 to March 9, 1868, and as Minister of State Assets from February 17, 1872 to 1877.

"Pyotr Valuyev" and his "Circular" near the Administration of the President of Ukraine. Performance against Russification and with the demand of legislative protection for the Ukrainian language. Day of Ukrainian Literature and Language, 2015.[2]

In 1863, he drafted a secret decree, which later became known as the Valuev Circular that forbade the publication of religious, as well as educational books, along with those intended for the initial literacy instruction of the commoners, in the Ukrainian language. Only belles-lettres was allowed to be published.[3] In his secret instruction issued on 30 July, 1863, informing the minister of education of the ban, he wrote that the Ukrainian language, separate from Russian, "didn’t exist, doesn’t exist, and can’t exist".[4]

The Valuev Circular is considered one of the most vivid manifestations of the chauvinist policy of the Russian autocracy, aimed at strengthening Russification, national, spiritual and political oppression of the Ukrainian people.[5]

In 1877, he was made Chairman of the Committee of Ministers. In 1880, his influence began to decline when he was eclipsed by his opponent, Count Loris-Melikov. Valuev was sent into retirement in October 1881 by the son of the recently assassinated Alexander II, Alexander III, since as Minister of State Assets, he had held final responsibility for the so-called plundering of the Bashkir lands in the 1870s.

Valuev was always close to the literary world. In 1834 he was transferred from Moscow to St. Petersburg and became acquainted with prominent Russian poets Aleksandr Pushkin and Pyotr Vyazemsky. Valuev may have served as one of the prototypes for the protagonist of Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter (1836), and the same year he married Vyazemsky's daughter.

Valuev began writing fiction in the 1870s while still serving in the government. His first novel, Lorin (1878) was circulated in manuscript, although it remained unpublished until 1882. Once he was retired, he concentrated on writing and published four novels, essays on history of Christianity and a devotional calendar with his poetry prior to his death in 1890 in St. Petersburg.

Throughout most of his adult life, Valuev kept a diary, which was published after his death and has proved to be an important source of information on the inner circle of the Russian Empire in the 19th century.

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pyotr Valuev.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also transliterated Peter Alexandrovich Valuyev.
  2. ^ Activists demanded a special status for the Ukrainian language near the Presidential Administration Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
  3. ^ Andrii Danylenko The Ukrainian Bible and the Valuev Circular ofJuly 18, 1863, Acta Slavica Iaponica, Tomus 28 (2010), pp. 1‒21
  4. ^ Valuev, Petr article in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 5 (1993)
  5. ^ Стаття «Валуєвський циркуляр 1863» Archived 2010-02-17 at the Wayback Machine Юридична енциклопедія: В 6 т. /Редкол.: Ю70 Ю. С. Шемшученко (голова редкол.) та ін. — К.: «Укр. енцикл.», 1998. ISBN 966-7492-00-1

References

[edit]
  • Yu. V. Zeldich. Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev i ego vremya (Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev and His Time), Moscow, Agraf, 2005, ISBN 5-7784-0242-2, 676p.
  • James A. Malloy, Jr. "Petr Aleksandrovich Valuev" in The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History, volume 41, Academic International Press, 1996-2003
  • N.R. Antonov. "Graf Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuev" in Russkie svetskie bogoslovy i ih religiozno-obschetvennoe mirosozertsanie, volume 1, St. Petersburg, 1912, reprinted in Pyotr Valuev. Cherny bor: Povesti, stat'i, Moscow, Agraf, 2002.
[edit]
Preceded by Minister of Interior
23 April 1861 – 9 March 1868 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairman of the Committee of Ministers
1877 – 4 October 1881 		Succeeded by
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