Jump to content

Hypochaeris radicata: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(38 intermediate revisions by 28 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Hypochaeris radicata 3285.JPG
|image = Hypochaeris radicata 3285.JPG
|image_caption = ''Hypochaeris radicata'' ([[Anacortes Community Forest Lands]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]])
|image_caption = ''Hypochaeris radicata'' ([[Anacortes Community Forest Lands]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]])
⚫
|genus = Hypochaeris
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|species = radicata
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
|synonyms_ref =
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
⚫
|synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|ordo = [[Asterales]]
|familia = [[Asteraceae]]
|tribus = [[Cichorieae]]
⚫
|genus = ''[[Hypochaeris]]''
⚫
|species = '''''H. radicata'''''
|binomial = ''Hypochaeris radicata''
⚫
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753
⚫
|synonyms_ref=
⚫
|synonyms ={{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=<small>Synonymy</small>
|title=<small>Synonymy</small>
|''Hypochoeris radicata'' <small>L.</small>
|''Hypochoeris radicata'' <small>L.</small>
Line 31: Line 24:
|''Seriola taraxacifolia'' <small>Salzm.</small>
|''Seriola taraxacifolia'' <small>Salzm.</small>
}}}}
}}}}
[[File:Hypochaeris radicata two flowers.jpg|alt=Two Hypochaeris radicata yellow flowers on a black background|thumb|Hypochaeris radicata yellow flowers]]
⚫
'''''Hypochaeris radicata''''' (sometimes spelled ''Hypochoeris radicata''), also known as '''catsear''', '''flatweed''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iewf.org/weedid/Hypochoeris_radicata.htm |title=Factsheet - ''Hypochoeris radicata'' |publisher=Iewf.org |date= |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.golfandsportsturf.com.au/article.asp?ArticleID=45 |title=Glenvale Publications - Golf and Sports Turf Magazine |publisher=Golfandsportsturf.com.au |date= |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> '''cat's-ear''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |accessdate=2014-10-17}}</ref> '''hairy cat's ear'''<ref>{{PLANTS|id=HYRA3|taxon=Hypochaeris radicata|accessdate=15 May 2015}}</ref> or '''false [[Taraxacum|dandelion]]''', is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]], low-lying edible [[herb]] often found in [[lawn]]s. The plant is native to [[Europe]],<ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=hypochaeris+radicata Altervista Flora Italiana, ''Hypochaeris radicata'' L.] includes photos and European distribution map</ref> but has also been introduced to [[the Americas]],<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Hypochaeris%20radicata.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref><ref>Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744.</ref><ref>Luteyn, J. L. 1999. Páramos, a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 84: viii–xv, 1–278.</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220006707 Flora of China, ''Hypochaeris radicata'' Linnaeus, 1753. <big>假蒲公英猫儿菊</big> jia pu gong ying mao er ju ]</ref> [[Australia]]<ref>[http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:618022 Atlas of Living Australia, ''Hypochaeris radicata'' L., Cat's Ear]</ref> and [[New Zealand]] where it can be an invasive weed. It is listed as a [[noxious weed]] in Washington State, in the northwestern United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/Written_findings/Hypochaeris_radicata.html|title=The Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board - Catsear}}</ref>

⚫
'''''Hypochaeris radicata''''' (sometimes spelled ''Hypochoeris radicata'') – also known as '''catsear''', '''flatweed''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iewf.org/weedid/Hypochoeris_radicata.htm |title=Factsheet - ''Hypochoeris radicata'' |publisher=Iewf.org |access-date=2010-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.golfandsportsturf.com.au/article.asp?ArticleID=45 |title=Turf Weeds - The Dandelions |website=Golf and Sports Turf Magazine |publisher=Glenvale Publications |first=Kerry C |last=Harrington |access-date=2010-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923203819/http://golfandsportsturf.com.au/article.asp?ArticleID=45 |archive-date=2010-09-23}}</ref> '''cat's-ear''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |access-date=2014-10-17}}</ref> '''hairy cat's ear''',<ref>{{PLANTS |id=HYRA3 |taxon=Hypochaeris radicata |access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> or '''false [[Taraxacum|dandelion]]''' – is a [[perennial plant|perennial]], low-lying edible [[herb]] often found in [[lawn]]s. The plant is [[native plant|native]] to [[Europe]],<ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=hypochaeris+radicata Altervista Flora Italiana, ''Hypochaeris radicata'' L.] includes photos and European distribution map</ref> but has also been [[introduced species|introduced]] to the [[Americas]],<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Hypochaeris%20radicata.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref><ref>Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744.</ref><ref>Luteyn, J. L. 1999. Páramos, a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 84: viii–xv, 1–278.</ref> [[Japan]],<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220006707 Flora of China, ''Hypochaeris radicata'' Linnaeus, 1753. <big>假蒲公英猫儿菊</big> jia pu gong ying mao er ju ]</ref> [[Australia]],<ref>[http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:618022 Atlas of Living Australia, ''Hypochaeris radicata'' L., Cat's Ear]</ref> and [[New Zealand]], where it can be an [[invasive species|invasive]] [[weed]]. It is listed as a [[noxious weed]] in the [[Northwestern United States|northwestern]] [[U.S. state]] of [[Washington (state)|Washington]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/Written_findings/Hypochaeris_radicata.html |title=The Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board - Catsear |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311181041/http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/Written_findings/Hypochaeris_radicata.html |archive-date=2007-03-11 }}</ref>


== Botany ==
== Botany ==


The [[leaf|leaves]], which may grow up to eight inches (20&nbsp;cm) tall, are lobed and covered in fine hairs, forming a low-lying [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] around a central [[taproot]]. Forked stems carry bright yellow flower heads, and when mature these form seeds attached to windborne "parachutes". All parts of the plant exude a milky [[sap]] when cut.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220006707 Flora of North America, Hypochaeris radicata Linnaeus, 1753. Hairy cat’s ear ]</ref>
The [[leaf|leaves]], which may grow up to eight inches (20&nbsp;cm) long, are lobed and covered in coarse hairs, forming a low-lying [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] around a central [[taproot]]. Forked stems carry bright yellow flower heads, and when mature these form seeds attached to windborne "parachutes". All parts of the plant exude a milky [[sap]] when cut.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220006707 Flora of North America, Hypochaeris radicata Linnaeus, 1753. Hairy cat’s ear ]</ref>
⚫
[[File:Hypochaeris radicata 3294.JPG|left|thumb|''Hypochaeris radicata'' is distinguished by its basal rosette of lobed, finely hairy leaves ([[Anacortes Community Forest Lands]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]])]]


⚫
[[File:Hypochaeris.radicata.Alan.JPG|left|thumb|''Hypochaeris radicata'' is distinguished by its basal rosette of lobed, finely hairy leaves]]
⚫
''Hypochaeris'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Shark (moth)|The Shark]].

⚫
''Hypochaeris'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including the [[Shark (moth)|shark moth]].


== Etymology and differences from dandelions ==
== Etymology and differences from dandelions ==


''Catsear'' is derived from the words ''cat's ear'', and refers to the shape and fine hair on the leaves resembling that of the [[ear]] of a [[cat]].
Its name is derived from [[ancient greek|Greek]] ὑπό 'under' and χοῖρος 'young pig'. Thus the name "should" be spelled Hypochoeris.
The adjective ''radicata'' means 'with conspicuous roots' in [[Latin]] (derived from ''radix'' 'root').


In English, ''catsear'' is derived from the words ''cat's ear'', and refers to the shape and fine hair on the leaves resembling that of the [[ear]] of a [[cat]].
⚫
The plant is also known as "false dandelion," as it is commonly mistaken for true [[dandelion]]s. Both plants carry similar flowers which form windborne seeds. However, catsear flowering stems are forked and solid, whereas dandelions possess unforked stems that are hollow. Both plants have a rosette of leaves and a central taproot. The leaves of dandelions are jagged in appearance, whereas those of catsear are more lobe-shaped and hairy. Both plants have similar uses.

⚫
Catsear is also known as ''false dandelion'' because it is commonly mistaken for true [[dandelion]]s. The plants carry similar flowers which form windborne seeds. However, catsear flowering stems are forked and solid, whereas dandelions possess unforked stems that are hollow. Both plants have a rosette of leaves and a central taproot. The leaves of dandelions are jagged in appearance, whereas those of catsear are more lobe-shaped and hairy. The plants have similar uses.


== Culinary uses ==
== Culinary uses ==


All parts of the catsear plant are edible; however, the leaves and roots are those most often harvested. The leaves are bland in taste but can be eaten raw in salads, steamed, or used in stir-fries. Older leaves can become tough and fibrous, but younger leaves are suitable for consumption. In contrast to the edible leaves of dandelion, catsear leaves only rarely have some bitterness. In [[Crete]], [[Greece]], the leaves of a variety called {{lang|el|παχιές}} (''pachiés'') or {{lang|el|αγριοράδικα}} (''agriorádika'') are eaten boiled or steamed by the locals.<ref>{{cite book |author= Kleonikos G. Stavridakis , Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης |title= Wild edible plants of Crete - {{lang|el|Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης}} |publisher= Rethymnon Crete |year=2006 |isbn=960-631-179-1}}</ref>
All parts of the catsear plant are edible; however, the leaves and roots are those most often harvested. The leaves are bland in taste but can be eaten raw in salads, steamed, or used in stir-fries. Some recommend mixing them with other vegetables.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nyerges|first=Christopher|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/965922681|title=Foraging Washington: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods|publisher=Falcon Guides|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4930-2534-3|location=Guilford, CT|oclc=965922681}}</ref> Older leaves can become tough and fibrous, but younger leaves are suitable for consumption. In contrast to the edible leaves of dandelion, catsear leaves only rarely have some bitterness. In [[Crete]], [[Greece]], the leaves of a variety called {{lang|el|παχιές}} (''pachiés'') or {{lang|el|αγριοράδικα}} (''agriorádika'') are eaten boiled or steamed.<ref>{{cite book |author= Kleonikos G. Stavridakis, Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης |title= Wild edible plants of Crete - {{lang|el|Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης}} |publisher= Rethymnon Crete |year=2006 |isbn=960-631-179-1}}</ref>


The root can be roasted and ground to form a [[coffee]] substitute.
The root can be roasted and ground to form a [[coffee]] substitute.

[[File:Hypochaeris.radicata.Alan.JPG|right|thumb|''Hypochaeris radicata'']]


== Toxicity ==
== Toxicity ==


This species is suspected of causing [[stringhalt]] in horses if consumed in excess.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seven.eques.com.au/health-pdf/Stringhalt.pdf|title=Australian stringhalt|author=John Kohnke|publisher=South East Victoria Equine Network}}</ref><ref>*{{cite web|url=http://merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/90777.htm|title=Merck Veterinary Manual - Stringhalt}}</ref>
This species is suspected of causing [[stringhalt]] in horses if consumed in excess.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seven.eques.com.au/health-pdf/Stringhalt.pdf|title=Australian stringhalt|author=John Kohnke|publisher=South East Victoria Equine Network|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221204206/http://www.seven.eques.com.au/health-pdf/Stringhalt.pdf|archive-date=2011-02-21}}</ref><ref>*{{cite web|url=http://merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/90777.htm|title=Merck Veterinary Manual - Stringhalt|access-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213307/http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm%2Fbc%2F90777.htm|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYRA3 United States Department of Agriculture Plants profile]
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYRA3 United States Department of Agriculture Plants profile]
* Low, Tim. Wild Herbs of Australia and New Zealand. Rev. ed. Angus and Robertson, 1991. ISBN 0-207-17001-0.
* Low, Tim. Wild Herbs of Australia and New Zealand. Rev. ed. Angus and Robertson, 1991. {{ISBN|0-207-17001-0}}.
* {{Commons category inline |Hypochaeris radicata}}
* {{Commons category-inline |Hypochaeris radicata}}
*[http://www.tropicos.org/ImageFullView.aspx?imageid=100354269 photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Brazil in 1995]
*[http://www.tropicos.org/ImageFullView.aspx?imageid=100354269 photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Brazil in 1995]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q421057}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Hypochaeris|radicata]]
[[Category:Hypochaeris|radicata]]
Line 71: Line 71:
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Invasive plant species]]

Latest revision as of 23:04, 25 October 2023

Hypochaeris radicata
Hypochaeris radicata (Anacortes Community Forest Lands, Washington)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Hypochaeris
Species:
H. radicata
Binomial name
Hypochaeris radicata
L. 1753
Synonyms
Synonymy
  • Hypochoeris radicata L.
  • Achyrophorus radicatus (L.) Scop.
  • Achyrophorus taraxacifolius (Salzm.) Sch.Bip.
  • Apargia serotina Jan ex Steud.
  • Crepis molokaiensis H.Lév.
  • Hypochaeris infesta Salisb.
  • Hypochaeris lasiophylla K.Koch ex Nyman
  • Hypochaeris neapolitana DC.
  • Hypochaeris salina Gren.
  • Hypochaeris tenorii Guss.
  • Leontodon ciliatus Scop.
  • Porcellites radicata (L.) Cass.
  • Seriola caespitosa Porta
  • Seriola taraxacifolia Salzm.
Two Hypochaeris radicata yellow flowers on a black background
Hypochaeris radicata yellow flowers

Hypochaeris radicata (sometimes spelled Hypochoeris radicata) – also known as catsear, flatweed,[1][2] cat's-ear,[3] hairy cat's ear,[4] or false dandelion – is a perennial, low-lying edible herb often found in lawns. The plant is native to Europe,[5] but has also been introduced to the Americas,[6][7][8] Japan,[9] Australia,[10] and New Zealand, where it can be an invasive weed. It is listed as a noxious weed in the northwestern U.S. state of Washington.[11]

Botany

[edit]

The leaves, which may grow up to eight inches (20 cm) long, are lobed and covered in coarse hairs, forming a low-lying rosette around a central taproot. Forked stems carry bright yellow flower heads, and when mature these form seeds attached to windborne "parachutes". All parts of the plant exude a milky sap when cut.[12]

Hypochaeris radicata is distinguished by its basal rosette of lobed, finely hairy leaves

Hypochaeris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the shark moth.

Etymology and differences from dandelions

[edit]

Its name is derived from Greek ὑπό 'under' and χοῖρος 'young pig'. Thus the name "should" be spelled Hypochoeris. The adjective radicata means 'with conspicuous roots' in Latin (derived from radix 'root').

In English, catsear is derived from the words cat's ear, and refers to the shape and fine hair on the leaves resembling that of the ear of a cat.

Catsear is also known as false dandelion because it is commonly mistaken for true dandelions. The plants carry similar flowers which form windborne seeds. However, catsear flowering stems are forked and solid, whereas dandelions possess unforked stems that are hollow. Both plants have a rosette of leaves and a central taproot. The leaves of dandelions are jagged in appearance, whereas those of catsear are more lobe-shaped and hairy. The plants have similar uses.

Culinary uses

[edit]

All parts of the catsear plant are edible; however, the leaves and roots are those most often harvested. The leaves are bland in taste but can be eaten raw in salads, steamed, or used in stir-fries. Some recommend mixing them with other vegetables.[13] Older leaves can become tough and fibrous, but younger leaves are suitable for consumption. In contrast to the edible leaves of dandelion, catsear leaves only rarely have some bitterness. In Crete, Greece, the leaves of a variety called παχιές (pachiés) or αγριοράδικα (agriorádika) are eaten boiled or steamed.[14]

The root can be roasted and ground to form a coffee substitute.

Toxicity

[edit]

This species is suspected of causing stringhalt in horses if consumed in excess.[15][16]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Factsheet - Hypochoeris radicata". Iewf.org. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
  2. ^ Harrington, Kerry C. "Turf Weeds - The Dandelions". Golf and Sports Turf Magazine. Glenvale Publications. Archived from the original on 2010-09-23. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
  3. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. ^ NRCS. "Hypochaeris radicata". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  5. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Hypochaeris radicata L. includes photos and European distribution map
  6. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  7. ^ Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744.
  8. ^ Luteyn, J. L. 1999. Páramos, a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution, and botanical literature. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 84: viii–xv, 1–278.
  9. ^ Flora of China, Hypochaeris radicata Linnaeus, 1753. 假蒲公英猫儿菊 jia pu gong ying mao er ju
  10. ^ Atlas of Living Australia, Hypochaeris radicata L., Cat's Ear
  11. ^ "The Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board - Catsear". Archived from the original on 2007-03-11.
  12. ^ Flora of North America, Hypochaeris radicata Linnaeus, 1753. Hairy cat’s ear
  13. ^ Nyerges, Christopher (2017). Foraging Washington: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods. Guilford, CT: Falcon Guides. ISBN 978-1-4930-2534-3. OCLC 965922681.
  14. ^ Kleonikos G. Stavridakis, Κλεόνικος Γ. Σταυριδάκης (2006). Wild edible plants of Crete - Η Άγρια βρώσιμη χλωρίδα της Κρήτης. Rethymnon Crete. ISBN 960-631-179-1.
  15. ^ John Kohnke. "Australian stringhalt" (PDF). South East Victoria Equine Network. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-21.
  16. ^ *"Merck Veterinary Manual - Stringhalt". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hypochaeris_radicata&oldid=1181906593"