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{{Short description|German ornithologist, herpetologist and ichthyologist}}{{Infobox scientist
[[File:HermannSchlegelNeumann.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Hermann Schlegel]]
|name = Hermann Schlegel
⚫
'''Hermann Schlegel''' (10 June 1804 – 17 January 1884) was a German [[ornithologist]] and [[herpetologist]].
|image = HermannSchlegelNeumann.JPG
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_date = 10 June 1804
|birth_place = [[Altenburg]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1884|1|17|1804|6|10}}
|death_place = [[Leiden]], [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[German people|German]]
|spouse =
|ethnicity =
|fields = [[Ornithology]], [[Herpetology]]
|work_institutions = [[Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie|Natural history museum of Leiden]]
|alma_mater =
|signature =
}}
⚫
'''Hermann Schlegel''' (10 June 1804 – 17 January 1884) was a German [[ornithologist]], [[herpetologist]] and [[ichthyologist]].


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Line 12: Line 30:
It was at this time that Schlegel met [[Philipp Franz von Siebold]]. They became firm friends and collaborated on ''Fauna Japonica'' (1845-1850).
It was at this time that Schlegel met [[Philipp Franz von Siebold]]. They became firm friends and collaborated on ''Fauna Japonica'' (1845-1850).


In 1847 he became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, when that became the [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1851 he became member.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00002830 |title=Herman Schlegel (1804 - 1884) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date= |accessdate=20 July 2015}}</ref>
In 1847 he became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, when that became the [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1851 he became member.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00002830 |title=Herman Schlegel (1804 - 1884) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref>


Schlegel considered [[species]] as fixed, and consequently from the publication of ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'' until his death was strongly opposed to Darwin's [[evolution|<nowiki/>]]theory.<ref>Hubrecht, A.A.W. (1884) Hermann Schlegel. ''De Gids'' 48: 539-540. http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_gid001188401_01/_gid001188401_01_0022.php#22</ref><ref>Leeuwenburgh, B. 2009. ''Darwin in domineesland''. Vantilt, Nijmegen: 80-81.</ref><ref>Zijderveld, B. van. 2014. ''Een Duitse familie in Nederland (1804-1913). Carrièrisme en netwerken van Hermann Schlegel en zijn zonen Gustav en Leander ''. Van Gorcum, Assen: 111, 226-227. https://issuu.com/kvguitgeverij/docs/2141485_lr.</ref> The English [[naturalist]] [[Charles Darwin]] knew of Schlegel’s opinions on species and evolution from remarks by his close friend, the British [[botanist]] and [[explorer]] [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]]: ‘I talked much with Schlegel, he is strongly in favour of a multiple creation & against migration’.<ref>Hooker, J .D. 1845. Letter to C.R. Darwin, 23 March 1845. Darwin Correspondence Project, Letter no. 844. https://darwinproject.ac.uk/DCP-LETT-844</ref>
Schlegel considered [[species]] as fixed, and consequently from the publication of ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'' until his death was strongly opposed to Darwin's theory.<ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_gid001188401_01/_gid001188401_01_0022.php#22 Hubrecht, A.A.W. (1884) Hermann Schlegel. ''De Gids'' 48: 539-540.]</ref><ref>Leeuwenburgh, B. 2009. ''Darwin in domineesland''. Vantilt, Nijmegen: 80-81.</ref><ref>[https://issuu.com/kvguitgeverij/docs/2141485_lr Zijderveld, B. van. 2014. ''Een Duitse familie in Nederland (1804-1913). Carrièrisme en netwerken van Hermann Schlegel en zijn zonen Gustav en Leander ''. Van Gorcum, Assen: 111, 226-227.]</ref> The English [[naturalist]] [[Charles Darwin]] knew of Schlegel's opinions on species and evolution from remarks by his close friend, the British [[botanist]] and [[explorer]] [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]]: ‘I talked much with Schlegel, he is strongly in favour of a multiple creation & against migration’.<ref>[https://darwinproject.ac.uk/DCP-LETT-844 Hooker, J .D. 1845. Letter to C.R. Darwin, 23 March 1845. Darwin Correspondence Project, Letter no. 844.]</ref>

[[evolution|<nowiki/>]]


==Director of the natural history museum==
==Director of the natural history museum==
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In alphabetical order by common name:
In alphabetical order by common name:
* [[Bothriechis schlegelii|Eyelash viper]] ''(Bothriechis schlegelii)'', a pit viper<ref name="EDR">Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Schlegel", p. 235).</ref>
* [[Bothriechis schlegelii|Eyelash viper]] ''(Bothriechis schlegelii)'', a pit viper<ref name="EDR">Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Schlegel", p. 235).</ref>
* [[False gharial]] ''(Tomistoma schlegelii)'', a crocodilian<ref name="EDR"/>
* [[False gharial]] ''(Tomistoma schlegelii)'' , a crocodilian<ref name="EDR"/>
* [[Osteochilus|Giant sharkminnow]] ''(Osteochilus schlegelii)'', a fish
* The [[Giant sharkminnow]] ''(Osteochilus schlegelii)'', a fish
* Red-headed reed snake ''([[Calamaria schlegeli]])'', a nonvenomous snake<ref name="EDR"/>
* Red-headed reed snake ''([[Calamaria schlegeli]])'', a nonvenomous snake<ref name="EDR"/>
* Royal Penguin ''([[Eudyptes schlegeli]])'', a crested penguin
* Royal Penguin ''([[Eudyptes schlegeli]])'', a crested penguin
* Schlegel's adder ''([[Aspidomorphus|Aspidomorphus schlegelii]])'', a venomous [[Elapidae|elapid]] snake<ref name="EDR"/>
* Schlegel's adder ''([[Aspidomorphus|Aspidomorphus schlegelii]])'', a venomous [[Elapidae|elapid]] snake<ref name="EDR"/>
* Schlegel's beaked blind snake ''([[Rhinotyphlops schlegelii]])'', a nonvenomous burrowing snake<ref name="EDR"/>
* Schlegel's beaked blind snake ''([[Afrotyphlops schlegelii]])'', a nonvenomous burrowing snake<ref name="EDR"/>
* Schlegel's forest skink ''([[Sphenomorphus|Sphenomorphus schlegeli]])'', a lizard<ref name="EDR"/>
* Schlegel's forest skink ''([[Sphenomorphus|Sphenomorphus schlegeli]])'', a lizard<ref name="EDR"/>
* Schlegel's green tree frog ''([[Rhacophorus schlegelii]])'', a shrub frog<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013">{{cite book|author1=
* Schlegel's green tree frog ''([[Rhacophorus schlegelii]])'', a shrub frog<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013">{{cite book | author=Beolens, Bo|author2=Watkins, Michael|author3= Grayson, Michael|title=The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJY3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191|date=22 April 2013|publisher=Exeter, England: Pelagic Publishing|isbn=978-1-907807-44-2|page=191}}</ref>

* Eyelash viper ''([[Bothriechis schlegelii]])'', a pit viper found in South- and Central Ameria
==See also==
{{cite book | author=Beolens, Bo|author2=Watkins, Michael|author3= Grayson, Michael|title=The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJY3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191|date=22 April 2013|publisher=Exeter, England: Pelagic Publishing|isbn=978-1-907807-44-2|page=191}}</ref>
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*[[:Category:Taxa named by Hermann Schlegel]]


==References==
==References==
Line 48: Line 65:
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*Walters, Michael (2003). ''A History of Ornithology''. Bromley, Kent: [[Christopher Helm]] Publishers Ltd. 256 pp. {{ISBN|1-873403-97-6}}.
*Walters, Michael (2003). ''A History of Ornithology''. Bromley, Kent: [[Christopher Helm]] Publishers Ltd. 256 pp. {{ISBN|1-873403-97-6}}.
* Renate Schönfuß-Krause: ''Hermann Schlegel, Gustav Schlegel, Leander Schlegel. Die Schlegels aus Altenburg.'' [https://www.teamwork-schoenfuss.de/renate-sch%C3%B6nfu%C3%9F-krause/genealogie-familiengeschichtsforschung/hermann-schlegel-gustav-schlegel-leander-schlegel/ Biografie von Hermann Schlegel und seinen Söhnen Gustaaf und Leander Schlegel] (PDF; 5,2 MB). In German language.

==External links==
* {{wikisource author-inline}}
* {{BHL author}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Schlegel, Hermann}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schlegel, Hermann}}
[[Category:German zoologists]]
[[Category:19th-century German zoologists]]
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[[Category:German taxonomists]]
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[[Category:Taxa named by Hermann Schlegel| 01]]
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:1884 deaths]]
[[Category:1884 deaths]]
[[Category:German herpetologists]]
[[Category:German herpetologists]]
[[Category:German ornithologists]]
[[Category:German ornithologists]]
[[Category:German ichthyologists]]
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[[Category:German taxonomists]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:People from Altenburg]]
[[Category:People from Altenburg]]
[[Category:People from Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
[[Category:People from Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
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[[Category:19th-century German zoologists]]

Latest revision as of 22:34, 27 October 2023

Hermann Schlegel
Born10 June 1804
Altenburg, Holy Roman Empire
Died17 January 1884(1884-01-17) (aged 79)
Leiden, Kingdom of the Netherlands
NationalityGerman
Scientific career
FieldsOrnithology, Herpetology
InstitutionsNatural history museum of Leiden

Hermann Schlegel (10 June 1804 – 17 January 1884) was a German ornithologist, herpetologist and ichthyologist.

Early life and education

[edit]

Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history. The discovery, by chance, of a buzzard's nest led him to the study of birds, and a meeting with Christian Ludwig Brehm.

Schlegel started to work for his father, but soon tired of it. He travelled to Vienna in 1824, where, at the university, he attended the lectures of Leopold Fitzinger and Johann Jacob Heckel. A letter of introduction from Brehm to Joseph Natterer gained him a position at the Naturhistorisches Museum.

Ornithological career

[edit]

One year after his arrival, the director of this natural history museum, Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, recommended him to Coenraad Jacob Temminck, director of the natural history museum of Leiden, who was seeking an assistant. At first Schlegel worked mainly on the reptile collection and wrote Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpens (1837), but soon his field of activity extended to other zoological groups. It had been intended that Schlegel be sent to Java to join the Natural History Commission, but the untimely death of Temminck's intended successor, Heinrich Boie, prevented the realization of this project.

It was at this time that Schlegel met Philipp Franz von Siebold. They became firm friends and collaborated on Fauna Japonica (1845-1850).

In 1847 he became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, when that became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851 he became member.[1]

Schlegel considered species as fixed, and consequently from the publication of On the Origin of Species until his death was strongly opposed to Darwin's theory.[2][3][4] The English naturalist Charles Darwin knew of Schlegel's opinions on species and evolution from remarks by his close friend, the British botanist and explorer Joseph Dalton Hooker: ‘I talked much with Schlegel, he is strongly in favour of a multiple creation & against migration’.[5]

Director of the natural history museum

[edit]

When Temminck died at the beginning of 1858, Schlegel succeeded him as director of the natural history museum, after having spent 33 years under his direction. Schlegel was particularly interested in Southeast Asia, and in 1857 sent his son Gustav to collect birds in China. Gustav arrived to find that Robert Swinhoe had gotten there first. In 1859, Schlegel sent Heinrich Agathon Bernstein to collect birds in New Guinea. After the death of Bernstein in 1865, he was succeeded by Hermann von Rosenberg.

Schlegel took on a young assistant, Otto Finsch. At the same time, he started to publish a scientific magazine, Notes from the Leyden Museum, as well as a vast work of 14 volumes, Muséum d'histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas (1862-1880). He employed three talented illustrators: John Gerrard Keulemans, Joseph Smit and Joseph Wolf.

The end of Schlegel's life was difficult: his wife died in 1864, Finsch moved to the natural history museum at Bremen, and the collections of the British Museum started to eclipse those of Leiden.

Schlegel died on 17 January 1884 in Leiden.

His sons are the sinologist and field naturalist Gustaaf Schlegel (1840-1903) and the composer and pianist Leander Schlegel (1844-1913).

Animal species named for Schlegel

[edit]

In alphabetical order by common name:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Herman Schlegel (1804 - 1884)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  2. ^ Hubrecht, A.A.W. (1884) Hermann Schlegel. De Gids 48: 539-540.
  3. ^ Leeuwenburgh, B. 2009. Darwin in domineesland. Vantilt, Nijmegen: 80-81.
  4. ^ Zijderveld, B. van. 2014. Een Duitse familie in Nederland (1804-1913). Carrièrisme en netwerken van Hermann Schlegel en zijn zonen Gustav en Leander . Van Gorcum, Assen: 111, 226-227.
  5. ^ Hooker, J .D. 1845. Letter to C.R. Darwin, 23 March 1845. Darwin Correspondence Project, Letter no. 844.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Schlegel", p. 235).
  7. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (22 April 2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Exeter, England: Pelagic Publishing. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-907807-44-2.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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